scholarly journals Administrative Sanction Decisions, the More Favorable Law Application and Trust on Judiciary

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gürsel Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Administrative Act ◽  
The Law ◽  
Administrative Sanction ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Council Of State ◽  
Administrative Sanctions

In terms of administrative sanctions, application of the more favorable law means that when the law in force the time an act was committed and a law subsequently brought into force is different, the law which is more favorable should be applied. EHRC states that applying more stringent punishment to an offender on the grounds that more stringent punishment was in force when the time criminal offence was committed. Misdemeanors have been considered within the scope of criminal law by the Constitutional Court and the Constitutional Court accepts that the principle of the application of the more favorable law should be applied to misdemeanors. Danıştay (the Turkish Council of State) decides that “it should be take into account in terms of administrative sanctions, when a law which is the ground of punishment is set aside or more favorable law is brought into force”. Since administrative acts are reviewed during annulment cases, a law brought into force after an administrative act cannot affect the act retrospect. A law which is enters into force after an administrative act established, could set up a rule which has retrospective affect only if the rule clearly is an amnesty. After an administrative fine is imposed, applying criminal law principals to administrative law and administrative sanctions, in other words, rendering decision of annulment on the ground of the principle of the more favorable law betrays the trust on judicial bodies and law.

scholarly journals PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PUBLIK DAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI / RESPONSIBILITY PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND CORRUPTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Ratna Nurhayati ◽  
Seno Wibowo Gumbira
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
The Law ◽  
Administrative Sanctions

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah tindakan pemerintahan (bestuurshandeling) berdasarkan diskresi dapat dikategorikan telah melakukan tindak pidana korupsi ataukah tidak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis doktrinal. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa ditinjau baik secara legal formal yang berupa UU PTUN, UU ASN, UU Administrasi Pemerintahan, doktrin-doktrin hukum serta adanya Putusan judicial review Mahkamah Konstitusi RI Nomor: 25/PUU-XIV/2016, Pertanggungjawaban tindakan pemerintahan (bestuurshandeling) yang bersumber dari diskresi (Freies ermessen) yang mengandung unsur penyalahgunaan wewenang berakibat pada kerugian negara tetapi tidak terdapat unsur korupsi seperti gratifikasi, suap, maka dapat dipertanggungjawabkan dengan sanksi administrasi sesuai dengan ketentuan UU Administrasi Pemerintah Pasal 20 ayat (6) dan Pasal 80 ayat (1) Jo Pasal 81 ayat (3) secara seimbang dan kasuistik. Apabila terdapat unsur penyalahgunaan wewenang yang berakibat pada kerugian negara serta terdapat unsur korupsi seperti gratifikasi, suap, maka dipertanggungjawabkan secara hukum pidana khususnya tindak pidana korupsi.The purpose of this research was to whether the actions of government (bestuurshandeling) based on its discretion can be classified as a criminal act of corruption or not. The Methodology of this research used juridical doctrinal. The result showed that based on legal frame such as Law of The Administrative Court, Law of ASN, Law of Government Administration and legal doctrines as well as the Decision of the judicial review of the Constitutional Court Number: 25 / PUU-XIV / 2016 responsibility of governmental actions (bestuurshandeling), which comes from discretionary (Freies ermessen) containing elements of abuse of authority resulting state loss but there is no element of corruption such as gratifications, bribe, then it can be accounted for by the administrative sanctions under the Law of Government administration Article 20 (6) and Article 80 paragraph (1) Jo Article 81 paragraph (3) in a balanced and case by case. If there is an element of abuse of authority that resulted in state loss and there are elements of corruption such as gratifications, bribe, then accounted for under the criminal law, especially corruption.

scholarly journals PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PUBLIK DAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Ratna Nurhayati ◽  
Seno Wibowo Gumbira
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Public Responsibility ◽  
The Law ◽  
Administrative Sanctions

The purpose of this research was to whether the actions of government (bestuurshandeling) based on its discretion can be classified as a criminal act of corruption or not. The Methodology of this research used juridical doctrinal. The result showed that based on legal frame such as Law of The Administrative Court, Law of ASN, Law of Government Administration and legal doctrines as well as the Decision of the judicial review of the Constitutional Court Number: 25 / PUU-XIV / 2016 responsibility of governmental actions (bestuurshandeling), which comes from discretionary (Freies ermessen) containing elements of abuse of authority resulting state loss but there is no element of corruption such as gratifications, bribe, then it can be accounted for by the administrative sanctions under the Law of Government administration Article 20 (6) and Article 80 paragraph (1) Jo Article 81 paragraph (3) in a balanced and case by case. If there is an element of abuse of authority that resulted in state loss and there are elements of corruption such as gratifications, bribe, then accounted for under the criminal law, especially corruption.Keywords: Public responsibility, corruption, governmental actions (bestuurshandeling), Public discreations (Freies Ermessen)

PERSINGGUNGAN KEWENANGAN MENGADILI PENYALAHGUNAAN DISKRESI ANTARA PENGADILAN TUN DAN PENGADILAN TIPIKOR / INTERCEPTION OF JUSTICE AUTHORITY OF DISCRETION ABUSE BETWEEN ADMINISTRATION COURT AND CORRUPTION COURTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Budi Suhariyanto
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
State Finance ◽  
The Law ◽  
To Receive

Diskresi sebagai wewenang bebas, keberadaannya rentan akan disalahgunakan. Penyalahgunaan diskresi yang berimplikasi merugikan keuangan negara dapat dituntutkan pertanggungjawabannya secara hukum administrasi maupun hukum pidana. Mengingat selama ini peraturan perundang-undangan tentang pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi tidak merumuskan secara rinci yang dimaksudkan unsur menyalahgunakan kewenangan maka para hakim menggunakan konsep penyalahgunaan wewenang dari hukum administrasi. Problema muncul saat diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014 dimana telah memicu persinggungan dalam hal kewenangan mengadili penyalahgunaan wewenang (termasuk diskresi) antara Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara dengan Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Pada perkembangannya, persinggungan kewenangan mengadili tersebut ditegaskan oleh Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2015 bahwa PTUN berwenang menerima, memeriksa, dan memutus permohonan penilaian ada atau tidak ada penyalahgunaan wewenang (termasuk diskresi) dalam Keputusan dan/atau Tindakan Pejabat Pemerintahan sebelum adanya proses pidana. Sehubungan tidak dijelaskan tentang definisi dan batasan proses pidana yang dimaksud, maka timbul penafsiran yang berbeda. Perlu diadakan kesepakatan bersama dan dituangkan dalam regulasi tentang tapal batas persinggungan yang jelas tanpa meniadakan kewenangan pengujian penyalahgunaan wewenang diskresi pada Pengadilan TUN.Discretion as free authority is vulnerable to being misused. The abuse of discretion implicating the state finance may be prosecuted by both administrative and criminal law. In view of the fact that the law on corruption eradication does not formulate in detail the intended element of authority abuse, the judges use the concept of authority abuse from administrative law. Problems arise when the enactment of Law No. 30 of 2014 triggered an interception in terms of justice/ adjudicate authority on authority abuse (including discretion) between the Administrative Court and Corruption Court. In its development, the interception of justice authority is affirmed by Regulation of the Supreme Court Number 4 of 2015 that the Administrative Court has the authority to receive, examine and decide upon the appeal there is or there is no misuse of authority in the Decision and / or Action of Government Officials prior to the criminal process. That is, shortly before the commencement of the criminal process then that's when the authority of PTUN decides to judge the misuse of authority over the case. In this context, Perma No. 4 of 2015 has imposed restrictions on the authority of the TUN Court in prosecuting the abuse of discretionary authority.

KEBIJAKAN KRIMINALISASI DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG DI BIDANG POLITIK

Jurnal Hukum ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Hanafi Amrani
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Criminal Sanction ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
The Law

AbstrakArtikel ini membahas dua permasalahan pokok: pertama, kriteria yang digunakan oleh pembentuk undang-undang di bidang politik dalam menetapkan suatu perbuatan sebagai perbuatan pidana (kriminalisasi); dan kedua, fungsi sanksi pidana dalam undang-undang di bidang politik. Terkait dengan kriminalisasi, undang-undang di bidang politik yang termasuk ke dalam hukum administrasi, maka pertimbangan dari pembuat undang-undang tentu saja tidak sekedar kriminalisasi sebagaimana diatur dalam ketentuan hukum pidana dalam arti sebenarnya. Hal tersebut disebabkan adanya pertimbangan-pertimbangan tertentu. Pertama, perbuatan yang dilarang dalam hukum pidana administrasi lebih berorientasi pada perbuatan yang bersifat mala prohibita, sedangkan dalam ketentuan hukum pidana yang sesungguhnya berorientasi pada perbuatan yang bersifat mala in se. Kedua, sebagai konsekuensi dari adanya penggolongan dua kategori kejahatan tersebut, maka pertimbangan yang dijadikan acuan juga akan berbeda. Untuk yang pertama (mala prohibita), sanksi pidana itu dibutuhkan untuk menjamin ditegakkannya hukum administrasi tersebut. Dalam hal ini sanksi pidana berfungsi sebagai pengendali dan pengontrol tingkah laku individu untuk mencapai suatu keadaan yang diinginkan. Sedangkan untuk yang kedua (mala in se), fungsi hukum pidana dan sanksi pidana lebih berorientasi pada melindungi dan mempertahankan nilai-nilai moral yang tertanam di masyarakat tempat di mana hukum itu diberlakukan atau ditegakkan. Kata Kunci: Kebijakan, Kriminalisasi, Undang-Undang PolitikThis article discusses two main problems: firstly, the criteria used by the legislators in the field of politics in determining an act as a criminal act (criminalization); secondly, the function of criminal sanctions in legislation in the field of politics. Associated with criminalization, legislation in the field of politics that is included in administrative law, the consideration of the legislators of course not just criminalization as stipulated in the provisions of criminal law in the true sense. This is due to certain considerations. Firstly, the act which is forbidden in the administration of criminal law is more oriented to act is malum prohibitum offences, whereas in actual criminal law provisions in the act are mala in se offences. Secondly, as a consequence of the existence of two categories of classification of the crime, then consideration will also vary as a reference. For the first (mala prohibita), criminal sanctions are needed to ensure the enforcement of the administrative law. In this case the criminal sanction serves as controller and controlling the behavior of individuals to achieve a desired state. As for the second (mala in se), the function of criminal law and criminal sanctions is more oriented to protect and maintain the moral values that are embedded in a society where the law was enacted or enforced.

reports described him as ‘emotionally unstable’ and in a ‘grossly elevated neurotic state’. The judge refused to admit the evidence, and on appeal following conviction it was contended that he was wrong. The primary contention was that the appellant’s pre-existing mental condition made him vulnerable to threats. Held, dismissing the appeal, the duress relied upon was duress by threats, but in some cases a defendant might be able to rely on ‘duress by circumstances’ (see Conway [1989] QB 290; Martin [1989] 1 All ER 652), and although not argued in this way it was proposed to consider whether the medical evidence could have been introduced on the basis that Hegarty might have been able to set up such a defence. Duress by threats provided a defence to a charge of any offence other than murder (see Howe [1987] AC 417), attempted murder (see Gotts [1982] 2 AC 412) and some forms of treason. It was founded on public policy considerations (see AG v Whelan [1934] IR 518). The fact that the defendant’s mind had been ‘overborne’ by the threats did not mean that he lacked the requisite intent to commit the crime (see DPP for Northern Ireland v Lynch [1975] AC 653, 703B). It followed that the law might have developed on the lines that, when considering duress, a purely subjective test should be applied, and it might well develop in this way in the future (see Law Com 218, para 29.14, November 1993, Cmnd 2370 and draft Criminal Law Bill, cl 25(2)). As the law stood however the test was not purely subjective but required an objective test to be satisfied (Howe). The jury had to consider the response of a sober person of reasonable firmness ‘sharing the characteristics of the defendant’. They could take account of age, sex and physical health, but it was open to consideration whether the shared characteristics could include a personality disorder of the kind suffered by the appellant. His counsel argued that the expert evidence was relevant to explain the reaction of a man like him to threats of violence to himself and his family, and admissible because the pathological aspects of his personality and the effect of his disorder on his behaviour were matters which lay outside the knowledge and experience of a judge and jury. Counsel referred to a passage in Emery (1993) 14 Cr App R (S) 394, 398 where Lord Taylor CJ said that: ‘... The question for the doctors was whether a woman of reasonable firmness with the characteristics of [the appellant], if abused in the manner which she said, would have had her will crushed so that she could not have protected her child.’ It was accepted that for the purposes of the subjective test medical evidence was admissible if the mental condition or abnormality was relevant and its effects lay outside the knowledge and experience of laymen. In the present case, the reports before the judge did not go that far, and the judge had to decide on the material before him. There were no grounds for disturbing his decision. As the evidence was not admissible to explain the reaction of the appellant himself, it was clearly not admissible on the objective test. The passage cited could not be read in isolation,

1996 ◽  
pp. 568-568
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Objective Test ◽  
Medical Evidence ◽  
Subjective Test ◽  
Attempted Murder ◽  
The Law ◽  
Set Up ◽  
A Charge

scholarly journals Leniency programmesfor cartel: mature reforms

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
K. N. Aleshin ◽  
S. V. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

The problems of interpretation of criminal law and administrative law institutes of active repentance (“leniency programmes”) in relation to cartels are considered.The definition of the effectiveness of the institution of active repentance is given as the ability of this institution to achieve the goals stipulated by law (in the aggregate or in a particular combination): 1) termination of the committed offense (crime) (“surrender”),2) assistance in investigating the relevant administrative offense (crime), 3) compensation for the harm caused by his offense (crime), 4) refusal to commit such offenses (crimes) in the future.The condition of the quadunity of these goals is investigated. It is noted that among the main factors reducing the effectiveness of administrative law and criminal law institutions of active repentance (“leniency programmes”) in relation to a cartel is the legal inconsistency of these institutions.Proposals are being made to amend par. 3 of the Notes to Art. 178 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Note 1 to Art. 14.32 of the Code of the Russian Federation Code of Administrative Offenses iin order to bring together the relevant institutions of active repentance.The necessity of legislative consolidation of general procedural rules for the implementation of the person who participated in the conclusion of the cartel, the law granted him the right to active repentance is substantiated.

scholarly journals IMPLIKASI POLITIK KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PIDANA DALAM UUPLH

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
David Aprizon Putra
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Political Choice ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Set Up

Political Law is one of the discourses that control the existence of law.One of the realm of law that has recently received the spotlight and serious attention. Particularly related to the legal political option is the environment law that increasingly strong day include criminal law enforcement in law enforcement. There are some weak things that then have negative implications, against the enforcement of environmental laws related to the lack of cautious political choice. Since 1982 in Law No. 4 of 1982 on the Principles of Environmental Management which was changed in 1997 into Law No. 27 of 1997 on Environmental Management, the legal politics of criminal law policy has been conducted, that the criminal law policy in the realm of the environment is already a choice of legal politics in the realm of environmental law. Law Number 32 Year 2009 About PPLH as the latest generation, adds Chapter XV of the Criminal Code in its charge of 23 Articles. Law Number 32 Year 2009 contains a much more complete criminal provision than Law Number 23 Year 1997. Although there is still much to be fixed on the provisions of Law Number 32 Year 2009. Base on research shows that there are special procedural laws that regulate formal law enforcement. It is based on the principle of ultimum remedium which means that the implementation of the criminal law must wait until the effectiveness of administrative law is upheld. To minimize obstacles in enforcing environmental laws which are sometimes used by political elites to seek profit, formal laws against environmental crimes should be set up specifically with the Act.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERAN PPATK SEBAGAI SALAH SATU LEMBAGA DALAM MENANGGULANGI MONEY LAUNDERING DI INDONESIA

Yuridika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toetik Rahayuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Asset Recovery ◽  
Administrative Sanctions ◽  
Recovery Program

The promulgation of the Law No. 8 Year 2010 on the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering creates a fundamental advancement of law enforcement in the field of criminal law. The fundamental change includes; broader change of the authority of PPATK to investigate suspicious transactions, blocking delay transaction, recommend surveillance, enforce of administrative sanctions, and conducta joint cooperation on anti money laundering and asset returnsas results of a criminal offence. By the authority PPATKwill be able to maximize its role as focal point in the prevention and eradication of the crime of money laundering and be able to strengthen the cooperation in the event when the suspect rushed out of the country. In the asset recovery program, PPATK plays important role especially in terms of financial information intelligence for the purposes of assets tracing, both on the analysis, and the investigation, prosecution and proceedings in the court.Keywords: authority of PPATK, combating money laundering.

The contraceptive situation in the Irish Republic

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Wilson-Davis
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Conservative Measure ◽  
Humanae Vitae ◽  
Private Rights ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Law ◽  
Set Up

SummaryThe 1935 Criminal Law Amendment Act translated the Catholic Church's doctrine regarding contraception into the law of the land prohibiting the sale, importation and advertising of ‘unnatural methods’ of contraception.Over the years, public opinion has changed and it has been estimated that over 20,000 Irish wives are taking the pill in spite of Humanae Vitae. Family planning clinics have been set up in Dublin.In 1973, the Supreme Court ruled in the McGee case that the ban on importation was unconstitutional and violated private rights.Three private member's bills have been defeated and a Government bill to amend the 1935 Act is before the present session of the Dáil. It is a conservative measure seeking to restrict the importation and selling of contraceptives to licensed persons and making it an offence for unmarried persons to purchase them. It is probable that the bill will be defeated by Government members who regard it as too permissive and that the law will be further liberalized by more test-cases in the Courts.

Should the Law of Theft Extend to Information?

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Louise Christie
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Legislative Reform ◽  
English Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Uk

This article discusses whether the criminal offence of theft should extend to include information or should remain limited to corporeal property. It considers the inherent problems in satisfying the requisite elements of the offence of theft in both Scots law and English law and assesses whether information is classifiable as property for the purposes of theft. The arguments for and against the proposition that information should be capable of being stolen are examined and a case for more comprehensive protection of information through criminal law is put forward. The article finally comments on the probability of legislative reform to remove the legal obstacles and compares the UK position to that of other jurisdictions.

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