scholarly journals Solar Energy in the World and Turkey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Müslüme Narin ◽  
Alpay Öznazik
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Setup Costs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Clean Energy Source ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In

Sun comes into prominence as both a strong and clean energy source. Because of its being inexhaustible and creating an effect reducing import dependency, a noticeable progress has been made in solar-oriented technologies in recent years. In this regard, Germany as the pioneer in world, China whose installed solar capacity has overtaken Germany, and the USA and Japan which caught up Germany became benefited from solar energy significantly nowadays. Besides, the EU countries like Italy, England, France, Spain and Belgium are also raising their installed solar capacities. Turkey has relatively high solar potential compared to the EU countries. However, it is not benefiting from solar energy sufficiently. Because its setup costs are still higher than other sources, solar production requires to be carried out R&D activities intensively. For these R&D activities there is a need for big budgets. Developed countries mentioned above could have been successful in allocating these budgets. Turkey as a developing country has difficulties in this respect. The purpose of this paper is to reveal required policies and works to raise installed solar capacity and benefit more from solar energy in Turkey. In this context, primarily, policies imposed in leader countries in world with regards to benefit from solar energy will be examined. Thereafter, imposed policies and developments in Turkey until today in this respect will be mentioned. Consequently, suggestions will be made for Turkey in light of experiences of the countries that could have succeeded to benefit from solar energy by higher rates in primary sources.

scholarly journals Energy Transition Investments and Financing Instruments

Federalism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100-114
Author(s):  
N. V. Bahtizina ◽  
A. R. Bahtizin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Innovation Fund ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies ◽  
The Eu

International organizations representing the interests of energy-deficient developed countries are urging to solve the problem of global warming through the Energy Transition, which implies decarbonization of the world economy. The implementation of the Energy Transition requires annual investments of 3% of world GDP in energy efficiency, renewable energy, electric vehicles, etc. In 2020, despite the acceleration of dynamics, the volume of world investments was more than 5 times lower than required. The leaders in investments in clean energy are the technologically developed countries of Europe, the USA, Japan, as well as developing countries – China and Brazil, striving for technological independence. In order to expand its presence in the promising market for low carbon technologies, the EU pays special  attention  to  innovations  in  the  field  of  clean  energy,  financing  them  through  the Innovation Fund. To prevent Russia’s technological backwardness and reduce the carbon footprint of export products, it is advisable to envisage the possibility of state support for innovative projects in the field of clean energy from the Climate Fund.

scholarly journals E-entrepreneurship in EU countries: evolutions and challenges

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Diana Rusu ◽  
Angela Roman
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Constructive Method ◽  
Technology Infrastructure ◽  
Information Technology Infrastructure ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu

Purpose – the purpose of this paper is to identify how entrepreneurs from European Union (EU) use informational and communicational technologies in their business activities. We also try to identify the benefits and the challenges arisen for the European entrepreneurs in using information technologies. Research methodology – we analyze a sample of EU countries, by including them into two groups, according to the stage of their economic development. As methods, we use the logical-constructive method and also comparative methods. We also use the benchmarking method in order to estimate country indicators in the sample and compare them. Findings – the results of our study emphasize that e-entrepreneurship in developed countries is more advanced compared to developing countries. There are also significant differences regarding the use of informational technologies between types of firms by their size. Research limitations – are given by the availability of data. Practical implications – we emphasize that in order to support the development of E-entrepreneurship in the EU, government policies should pay more attention to the development of information technology infrastructure. Originality/Value – comes from grouping the EU countries into two groups, according to their stage of economic development. And, comparing the two groups as regards the use of informational and communication technologies. Keywords: information technology, e-entrepreneurship, e-business, innovation, EU countries

scholarly journals MIGRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF TERRORISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Marián Mesároš
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
Work Habits ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
Available Information

The content and subject of this paper, that is Migration in the context of the principles of terrorism, is in close cerrespondence with the scientific project of the Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic called Creating and testing presentations of projects preventing illegal criminality. Migration is a problem all over the world and represents a huge financial, but above all a social, burden for economically developed countries. In early 2020, the problem partially receded as a result of the global pandemic, but the problem still exists and is waiting to be solved. The same problem is being faced not only by the EU countries, but also by the USA on the border with Mexico. However, populist manifestations of the new USA government will bring another problem of huge dimensions. EU countries must quickly find a common solution on how to protect countries in the northern Mediterranean Sea and avoid declarations of legacy linked to the past. A new image is being gained by terrorism penetrating the cyberspace, and migrants getting ready to do so represent an instrument in the hands of organizations from the Arabian world. After world pandemics, EU countries will begin to recover from economic problems, and migrants will gain new strength because they will already have information about how to obtain shelter benefits in individual countries. They primarily want to go to economically developed countries, so the happiness of post-socialist countries is that they are not among the dream countries of economic migrants. There is one rule that will always be true, and namely, the easy money will wean the native population off their work habits, and subsequently whatever they get without work in their home country they can get in any other EU country. The research methods used to write this article were: analysis, synthesis of available information, reports, scientific articles on the topic, and subsequent deduction to determine conclusions.

scholarly journals SMART GROWTH PROGRESS IN EUROPEAN UNION: A COHESION APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Viktor Kozlovskij
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Smart Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Growth Indicators ◽  
The Eu

Economic development and socioeconomic cohesion have always been an object of scientific research. In particular, this issue had become a focus of attention after EU enlargement in 2004 and Great Recession in 2007–2009. The above changes have given way to a certain slowdown in economic growth in most EU countries along with triggering a range of divergence processes between EU countries and regions. As a response to situation, the EU offered a Europe 2020 strategy, in which smart growth was mentioned as one of critical instruments to deal with increasing menaces. The objective of the study is to evaluate the progress of the main smart growth indicators (investment in research and development (R&D), employment rate and share of population obtaining tertiary education) in the EU over the period 2001–2017 within the framework of the economic cohesion concept. The paper seeks to explore the EU from different perspectives. First, the EU new member states (EU-10) and the old ones (EU-14) were compared. Second, the EU countries were divided by economic development level (calculated by GDP per capita in PPP): highly developed (H-7), medium developed (M-7) and less developed (L-7) countries. Finally, aggregate cohesion indices of all three smart growth indicators were calculated for the entire EU (EU-28). The research findings have revealed some interesting trends. First, each smart growth indicator’s progress depends on countries’ economic development level. Aggregate values for more developed countries (EU-14, H-7 and G-3) are always higher than the EU average (EU-28) and aggregate values for less developed economies are basically lower. Second, cohesion progress of smart growth indicators was influenced by economic recession in 2007–2009. It is argued that cohesion is evident in times of economic growth, but its progress ceases or divergence might occur in case of economic hazards. However, despite the expanding cohesion between the new and the old member states, a gap between certain groups of countries is even growing. This is clearly evident when the EU member states are divided into groups subject to the level of their economic development.

scholarly journals Solar Driven Energy Conversion Applications Based on 3C-SiC

2016 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 1028-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wu Sun ◽  
Valdas Jokubavicius ◽  
Lu Gao ◽  
Ian Booker ◽  
Mattias Jansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Intermediate Band ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Clean Energy Source ◽  
Photovoltaic Material

There is a strong and growing worldwide research on exploring renewable energy resources. Solar energy is the most abundant, inexhaustible and clean energy source, but there are profound material challenges to capture, convert and store solar energy. In this work, we explore 3C-SiC as an attractive material towards solar-driven energy conversion applications: (i) Boron doped 3C-SiC as candidate for an intermediate band photovoltaic material, and (ii) 3C-SiC as a photoelectrode for solar-driven water splitting. Absorption spectrum of boron doped 3C-SiC shows a deep energy level at ~0.7 eV above the valence band edge. This indicates that boron doped 3C-SiC may be a good candidate as an intermediate band photovoltaic material, and that bulk like 3C-SiC can have sufficient quality to be a promising electrode for photoelectrochemical water splitting.

scholarly journals TRANSATLANTIC INTEGRATION AND DEVELOPED COUNTRIES COMPETITIVENESS PROBLEMS

2016 ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
A. A. Sidorov
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Transatlantic Trade ◽  
Regulatory Cooperation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tariff Liberalization ◽  
General Business ◽  
The Eu

Factors and possible consequences of transatlantic integration are elaborated in the article. An overview of the history of transatlantic cooperation is provided. The author highlights the paramount goal of Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) - strengthening the positions of its parties in the world economy against the backdrop of global competition. Stalemate in Doha round of WTO trade negotiations as well as depressed state of the European economy also contributed to transatlantic integration. Validity of the EU Commission conclusion on TTIP benefits is examined. Results of TTIP econometric modelling are critically assessed. Problems of the EU-US non-tariff liberalization are analyzed. Efficiency of the EU and US labor markets is compared. Low competitiveness of the EU in comparison to the USA and underlying risks for TTIP economic growth and employment are outlined. High unemployment, difficulties of manufacturing (including high-tech industries thereof) recovery, adverse general business situation in the EU are among such risks. Various modes of regulatory cooperation and possibility of their adoption in TTIP are considered. Harmonization, erga omnes mutual recognition of regulations, bilateral mutual recognition of regulations, mutual recognition of conformity testing are distinguished. Possible implications of the modes of regulatory cooperation on TTIP members competitiveness, competition with emerging economies and global standard setting are examined. Conflict of TTIP goals and motivations is revealed. The existence of economic factors of transatlantic integration as well as overestimation of TTIP benefits (primarily for the EU economy) is concluded.

scholarly journals Solar Energy Use in Dryers as an Alternative Energy Source in Agriculture

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela MILITARU ◽  
Elena POSTELNICU ◽  
Mihai CHIŢOIU ◽  
Valentin VLĂDUŢ
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Alternative Energy Source ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Clean Energy Source

Solar energy represents one of the future energy sources with a high potential, used as an alternative to conventional methods, especially during summer. The advantages of using solar energy are multiple, this type of energy being virtually endless and free, and its use has no negative effects on the environment, being regarded as a clean energy source. Solar energy has multiple applications in agriculture, one of its benefits being that it is used for dryers as an alternative energy source, especially in regions with a high solar potential. In this paper different types of fruits and vegetable dryers, nationally and abroad are presented, as well as results obtained from different methods of solar dryers.

scholarly journals Method for estimating the wind power micro and minigeneration applied to a city with a subtropical climate in south America

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e105101220009
Author(s):  
Ricardo Guicho ◽  
José Hilário Delconte Ferreira ◽  
Gabriela Medeiros ◽  
Jair Antônio Cruz Siqueira ◽  
Samuel Nelson Melegari de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Clean Energy Source ◽  
Sentinel 2

The search for renewable resources has become necessary for sustainable development. Wind energy is a clean energy source and of global importance, but most studies refer to high altitude and are carried out by researchers in developed countries. In this work, the objective was to evaluate the potential of micro and mini-generation (low heights) wind power in Cascavel-PR, a city located in southern Brazil, as an example of the application of the proposed methodology. For this purpose, wind speed and direction data were used, with a historical series of 21 years (1997-2017). The land use and occupation were performed in a semi-automatic way using Sentinel-2 satellite images. To generate the maps, an algorithm was created in Spring software, which correlated the land use and land cover information, the wind speed kriging and the formula coefficient values according to the identified obstacles. With this it was possible to conclude that regarding the period, spring is considered the season of the year with the greatest energy potential, where the highest averages for speed and power were estimated. It was also noted that the 40-meter-high range has the greatest potential and that the prevailing winds come from the northeast.

scholarly journals Features of Measures to Prevent Fraud Committed by Women: the Experience of Ukraine, the EU Countries and the United States

Dixi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Viktoria Babanina
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Female Crime ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Eu

The article analyzes approaches to the prevention of female fraud in order to identify the best ways to combat fraud committed by women. Theoretical approaches to the measures to prevent crimes committed by women, in particular, female fraud were examined. Peculiarities of the legal regulation of the prevention of female fraud in Ukraine have been studied. The conclusion was made about the insufficiency of normative acts aimed at combating female fraud in Ukraine. In addition, the investigation revealed that measures taken in Ukraine to prevent female fraud were poor and insufficient. In parallel, the experience of the EU countries and the USA in the prevention of female fraud was analyzed in the article. The programs and methods of prevention of crimes committed by women in the USA and the EU have been studied. Based on this analysis, proposals to improve approaches to the prevention of female crime, in particular, female fraud, have been developed. In particular, the conclusion was made that preventive work among the population as well as creation of special programs to work with women would be relevant.

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