scholarly journals Economic Structure of Early Medieval Kyrgyz

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muratbek Kozhobekov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Command Economy ◽  
Cultural Interpretation ◽  
Commodity Money ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Material Evidence

The level of the command economy is primarily determined by how it is adapted to the environment and then using only spectacular food-producing economy to nasushnoy needs of the population. The close relationship between the natural and geographical conditions and economic activities shows the ethno-political determenirovannost nomadic society. Despite the huge reservoir of the study and the availability of general works on the history of the Kyrgyz period under consideration, remain controversial questions of economic structure, species composition of herds, the existence of ancillary hozyayaystva, the value and location of the household and the level of development of commodity-money relations. The use of empirical research base and the historical and cultural interpretation of material evidence allow rekonstruktrirovat structure of the economy and the Kyrgyz life.

INTER AKSI AGAMA DAN BUDAYA

EMPIRISMA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arif Dan Yuli Darwati
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Determining Factor

This paper will try to explain the relationship between religion and culture. These two topics are the most important items that are inseparable in the history of human civilization from the classical to the modern period. Religion is ahuman belief system that is related to God. If the rule comes from God, then it cannot be said to be a culture, because it is not human creation, but God’s creation that is absolute. Religion is interpreted as part of the life (culture) ofindividuals or groups, each of which has the authority to understand religion and apply it. With the characteristics as indicated by Fazlur Rahman, wherever religion is located, it is hoped that it can provide guidance on values or moralsfor all activities of human life, whether social, cultural, economic or political. Not infrequently also religion becomes a determining factor in the adhesive process of social cultural interaction of the community as well as unifying thenation. Culture and religion are something different but can influence each other so that new cultures or mixing of cultures emerge. The opinion of Endang Saifudin Anshari who said in his writing that religion and culture do notinclude each other, in principle one is not part of the other and each consists of itself. Between them, of course, they are closely related like us, we see in everyday life and human life. As also seen in the close relationship between husband and wife who can give birth to a son but the husband is not part of the wife, and vice versa. Religion and culture are two different things but cannot be separated. The existence of a religion will be greatly influenced and affect thepractice of a religion in question. And conversely, a culture will be greatly influenced by the beliefs of the society in which culture develops. Therefore religion is not only an individual problem but religion is also a social affair whichultimately religious people are not only able to give birth to individual piety but also must be able to give birth to social piety.Key words: Interaction, Religion, Culture,

scholarly journals X.—On the White Conduit, Chapel Street, Bloomsbury, and its connexion with the Grey Friars' water system

Archaeologia ◽  
1909 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-357
Author(s):  
Philip Norman ◽  
Ernest A. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Franciscan Order ◽  
Material Evidence

The history of the old systems of water supply in London is of considerable interest, and much of it remains untold, the material evidence being largely hidden below ground, but from time to time some important fact comes to light. This was the case ten years ago, when in a paper read before the Society and printed in Archaeologia, Mr. Norman succeeded in proving that the water supply for the convent of the Grey Friars, or Friars Minors of the Franciscan Order, in London was largely drawn from a conduit-head which still contains water and is to be seen in the garden of a house numbered 20, Queen Square, Bloomsbury.

The Earliest Christian Communities in Southeast and Northeast Asia: An Outline of the Evidence Available in Seven Countries before A.D. 1500

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. England
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
Eastern Christianity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Central South

The history of Eastern Christianity in central, south, and east Asia prior to A.D. 1500 is rich and extensive, yet has been largely ignored. Material evidence now available from southeast and northeast Asia shows that Christian communities were present in seven countries for different periods between the sixth and fifteenth centuries. Often termed “Nestorian,” or “Jacobite,” these communities have left a diversity of remains—epigraphical, architectural, sculptural, documentary—which testify to their presence, as far northeast as Japan and southeast as far as Indonesia. The glimpses of Christian churches in medieval Asia afforded by the evidence from these and other regions of Asia offer alternatives to Westernized patterns of mission, and question many assumptions concerning the history and character of Christian presence in the region.

scholarly journals Natural History of NAFLD

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Raluca Pais ◽  
Thomas Maurel
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The epidemiology and the current burden of chronic liver disease are changing globally, with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) becoming the most frequent cause of liver disease in close relationship with the global epidemics of obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The clinical phenotypes of NAFLD are very heterogeneous in relationship with multiple pathways involved in the disease progression. In the absence of a specific treatment for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), it is important to understand the natural history of the disease, to identify and to optimize the control of factors that are involved in disease progression. In this paper we propose a critical analysis of factors that are involved in the progression of the liver damage and the occurrence of extra-hepatic complications (cardiovascular diseases, extra hepatic cancer) in patients with NAFLD. We also briefly discuss the impact of the heterogeneity of the clinical phenotype of NAFLD on the clinical practice globally and at the individual level.

scholarly journals Linking morphological and molecular sources to disentangle the case of Xylodon australis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Fernández-López ◽  
M. Teresa Telleria ◽  
Margarita Dueñas ◽  
Mara Laguna-Castro ◽  
Klaus Schliep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Single Species ◽  
R Package ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Historical Collections ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Sources

AbstractThe use of different sources of evidence has been recommended in order to conduct species delimitation analyses to solve taxonomic issues. In this study, we use a maximum likelihood framework to combine morphological and molecular traits to study the case of Xylodon australis (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) using the locate.yeti function from the phytools R package. Xylodon australis has been considered a single species distributed across Australia, New Zealand and Patagonia. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses were conducted to unmask the actual diversity under X. australis as well as the kinship relations respect their relatives. To assess the taxonomic position of each clade, locate.yeti function was used to locate in a molecular phylogeny the X. australis type material for which no molecular data was available using morphological continuous traits. Two different species were distinguished under the X. australis name, one from Australia–New Zealand and other from Patagonia. In addition, a close relationship with Xylodon lenis, a species from the South East of Asia, was confirmed for the Patagonian clade. We discuss the implications of our results for the biogeographical history of this genus and we evaluate the potential of this method to be used with historical collections for which molecular data is not available.

The Role of the Representative: Some Empirical Observations on the Theory of Edmund Burke

1959 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 742-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Eulau ◽  
John C. Wahlke ◽  
William Buchanan ◽  
Leroy C. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Edmund Burke ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
General Consensus ◽  
History Of

The problem of representation is central to all discussions of the functions of legislatures or the behavior of legislators. For it is commonly taken for granted that, in democratic political systems, legislatures are both legitimate and authoritative decision-making institutions, and that it is their representative character which makes them authoritative and legitimate. Through the process of representation, presumably, legislatures are empowered to act for the whole body politic and are legitimized. And because, by virtue of representation, they participate in legislation, the represented accept legislative decisions as authoritative. But agreement about the meaning of the term “representation” hardly goes beyond a general consensus regarding the context within which it is appropriately used. The history of political theory is studded with definitions of representation, usually embedded in ideological assumptions and postulates which cannot serve the uses of empirical research without conceptual clarification.

‘Beyond the limit of human endurance’: The stolen Manx history of Dunkirk

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 946-995
Author(s):  
David Kneale
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Isle Of Man ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Cultural Forces ◽  
Heroic Narrative

This article reappraises the experience of the civilian crews aboard Manx personnel vessels engaged in Operation Dynamo, and the contested aftermath. More than 20,000 troops were retrieved by nine ships of the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company, three of which were sunk in and off Dunkirk. There is more than enough material for a heroic narrative to emerge, yet a sense of scandal seems to cling to these particular civilian crews. Various political, social and cultural forces foster distinctly separate narratives between the United Kingdom and Isle of Man. However, empirical research in Manx and UK archives, including access to a hitherto closed file, reveals a different story: that the official Admiralty narrative of Operation Dynamo was intentionally weaponized against the Manx civilian crews for political reasons. This was achieved through the creation of reports that were false, misleading or unsupported by evidence, the provocation of the Isle of Man’s Lieutenant Governor into acts of reprisal, and through the work of an unseen editorial hand in Admiralty archives. The influence of this hostile narrative, which continues to be reinforced, has obscured the contributions of the true civilians of Dunkirk.

To the 100th Anniversary of the USSR State Planning Committee

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Victor A. Pchelkin ◽  
◽  
Galina Yu. Kuznetsova ◽  
Tatiana А. Zheltonozhko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Structure ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
The State ◽  
Planning Committee ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Planning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ussr State ◽  
Objective Necessity

A step-by-step and objective review of the history of the State Planning Committee of the USSR (Gosplan), presented by the authors, helps to form a holistic idea of how the power of the USSR arose and what objective necessity or what subjective factors led to a radical change in the political and socio-economic structure of the country.

Intervento: Psicoterapia e ricerca "scientifica"

2009 ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
Paolo Migone
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Chaos Theory ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
History Of Psychotherapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

- Some problems of the relationship between psychotherapy and scientific research are examined. The following aspects are discussed: the theory of demarcation between science and non-science, the problem of replicability, "hard" and "soft" sciences, complexity and chaos theory, the levels of probability and indeterminacy, the inductive-deductive circle, abduction, etc. Clinical material is presented in order to exemplify the issues under discussion. Some of the problems met by empirical research in psychotherapy (for example the manualization of psychotherapy techniques) are described, and the phases of the history of psychotherapy research movement are summarized. (This intervention is a discussion of the paper by the physicist Ferdinando Bersani "Replicability in science: Myth or reality?". Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane, 2009, XLIII, 1: 59-76). [KEY WORDS: science, psychotherapy research, epistemology, replicability, psychoanalytic research]

Virtue, Sanctity, and Charity of the Royal Women of Fez

Hawwa ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 314-338
Author(s):  
Bárbara Boloix-Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Additional Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Royal Women

Abstract The history of the Banū Marīn of the kingdom of Fez (seventh–ninth/thirteenth–fifteenth centuries) cannot and should not be reconstructed without a gender perspective which gives the women of this dynasty a place within its historic discourse. They played a key role in the political and religious legitimacy of the rulers, as reflected by the Banū Marīn historiography which, mirroring the idiosyncrasy of medieval Berber societies, afforded its women a visible space. However, as it was always subject to the clear interests of male political-religious legitimacy, this space for visibilisation is worthy of analysis. This study examines the different profoundly religious behaviour and capabilities which the chronicles assigned to different royal Merinid women, as related in the various anecdotes transmitted in their pages. Additional analysis is carried out on how these model characterisations aimed to increase the aura of spirituality of the amīrs, influenced by their close relationship and everyday contact with these women.

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