scholarly journals The Determinants of Labor Productivity: Analyses on Chosen Countries (1960-2010)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Nişancı ◽  
Aslı Cansın Doker ◽  
Adem Türkmen ◽  
Ömer Selçuk Emsen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Marginal Productivity ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Economic Productivity

Discussions on economic productivity, in micro analysis aspects there is direct causal relationship between increases or decreases in the production and productivity, whereas it can be said that productivity is based on economic recession or growth in macro analysis aspects. In the literature, while Classical theoreticians is attributed that the source of growth is the marginal productivity of capital, neoclassic school claims that marginal productivity difference provide benefit the country from behind for realization of the convergence hypothesis. Furthermore, increasing efficiency and as the factors this increase efficiency human capital, learning by doing concepts and technology are focused in the endogenous growth theories. In this study, human capital, physical capital per worker, exports per worker, gender differences, fertility, life expectancy and dependent population ratio were determined as determinants of labor productivity. In respect to labor productivity, variables are divided to three main groups in order to economic demographic and social and psychological factors. The variables are placed with taking five years average due to the fact that those variables’ effects reveal themselves more clearly in the long term. In the paper, it was investigated by panel data analysis considering groups of developed and developing countries between 1960 and 2010 period. In this context the degree of efficiency may well be discussed with parameters of selected variables for productivity of labor. Additionally, within framework of descriptive statistics the differences and similarities between countries were interpreted for political recommendations to developing countries how to increase productivity for catching developed countries’ growth trend.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Labor Productivity and Economic Growth in OECD Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suna Korkmaz ◽  
Oya Korkmaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
The Relationship

In the course of globalization, the countries entered into an intense competition between each other. In order to achieve the competitive advantage, countries pay significant importance to the technological advancements. By improving the productivity, the technological innovations and developments allow the countries to make production at lower costs. The increase in factor productivities would enable higher levels of output in the economy. Since the factor productivity influences many other factors and the developed countries meet these criteria better than developing countries do, the factor productivities are higher in developed countries, when compared to those in developing countries. For this reason, in this study, the relationship between labor productivity, which is a partial factor productivity, and economic growth in seven OECD countries for the period between 2008 and 2014 by utilizing the panel data analysis method. According to the test results, we find a unidirectional causality relationship from economic growth to labor productivity.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Impact of Human Capital Investment on GDP: A Panel Cointegrated Regression Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Gökçe Akpolat
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Education Expenditures ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to determine the long-run impact of physical and human capital on GDP by using the panel data set of 13 developed and 11 developing countries over the period 1970–2010. Gross fixed capital formation is used as physical capital indicator while education expenditures and life expectancy at birth are used as human capital indicators. Panel DOLS and FMOLS panel cointegrated regression models are exploited to detect the magnitude and sign of the cointegration relationship and compare the effect of these physical and human capital variables according to these two different country groups. As a consequence of panels DOLS and FMOLS models, the impact of physical capital and education expenditures on GDP in the developed countries is determined as higher than the impact in the developing countries. On the other hand, the impact of life expectancy at birth on GDP is determined as higher in the developing countries.

scholarly journals Education and the Income Differential: An Estimation for Rawalpindi City

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil A. Hamdani
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Income Differential ◽  
Income Differentials ◽  
Economic Survey ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Comparative Results

Empirical tests of the human capital hypothesis—that education increases an individual's income—have been undertaken in several countries with favourable results [13]. These results show that (1) income differentials between individuals of different educational levels are wide; (2) the differentials establish shortly after the initial years of work and maintain through the duration of the life cycle; (3) the differentials are greater in developing countries than in developed countries; (4) the returns to education, after allowing for educational costs, exceed the returns to physical capital investment in developing countries; (5) the highest returns are to primary education; and (6) private returns exceed social returns. Which, if not all, of these results are true for Pakistan is not known. This paper yields such comparative results through an application of the human capital hypothesis to Rawalpindi City. The data for Rawalpindi are for males and derive from a socio-economic survey conducted by the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics in 1975.

scholarly journals Service Export Sensitivity to Internet Adoption: Evidence From Dynamic Panel Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Walid Chatti ◽  
Haitham Khoj
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Internet Adoption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Service Export

This study aims to examine the causal linkages relating service exports to internet penetration for 116 countries over the period 2000-2017. Taking into account a wide panel of countries, we apply 2-Step GMM methodology for dynamic panel data models. The results show a bi-directional causality relating service exports to internet adoption for developed countries. For the global panel and developing countries, we find those same results attest a positive relationship between the internet adoption and service exports, but in the opposite way; the impact is very low and not significant. Regarding developing countries, despite the fact that internet positively affects service exports, it is considered less efficient than in developed countries.

Determinants of Industrial Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 378-406
Author(s):  
Fiona Tregenna ◽  
Kevin Nell ◽  
Chris Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Government Consumption ◽  
Capital Account Liberalization ◽  
Exchange Rate Depreciation

Global evidence suggests that, for many countries, manufacturing typically has an inverted U-shaped relationship with development. But unlike the historical experience of most developed countries, for most developing countries the turning point of this relationship is occurring sooner in the development process, and at substantially lower levels of income. This is termed ‘premature deindustrialization’. The consequences of this may be particularly important if such countries can no longer rely on manufacturing-led development. Why are some countries more industrialized, or more deindustrialized, than other comparable countries? To explore these issues, this chapter uses panel-data econometric techniques to analyse the determinants of the share of manufacturing in GDP, across countries and across time. Domestic determinants include investment, government consumption, population size, human capital, democracy, and natural resource endowments. External determinants include trade openness, capital account liberalization, and exchange rate depreciation.

The Dynamics of Technical Progress in Some Developing and Developed Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 172-194
Author(s):  
Weshah A. Razzak ◽  
Belkacem Laabas ◽  
El Mostafa Bentour
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Population ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
New Ideas

We calibrate a semi-endogenous growth model to study the transitional dynamic and the properties of balanced growth paths of technological progress. In the model, long-run growth arises from global discoveries of new ideas, which depend on population growth. The transitional dynamic consists of the growth rates of capital intensity, labor, educational attainment (human capital), and research and ideas in excess of world population growth. Most of the growth in technical progress in a large number of developed and developing countries is accounted for by transitional dynamics.

THE EFFECT OF THE INFLUX OF FOREIGN LABOUR IN MALAYSIA BY AUGMENTED MRW MODEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiyidatul Saadah Ahmad Nizam ◽  
Rohanin Ahmad ◽  
Nur Arina Bazilah Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Foreign Labour ◽  
Pros And Cons

There are pros and cons in hiring foreign labour on the economy. The influx of foreign labour is a common phenomenon, but when their involvement is unlimited it will be one serious issue. Malaysia is one of the developing countries where industrial and construction sectors are in need of labour and this has opened up opportunities for foreign labour. Their inflow into Malaysia is increasing every year and this has caused problems such as time-consuming construction due to low-skilled labour and crime problems caused by problematic labour. We augmented Mankiw-Romer-Weil model by isolating the foreign labour element in human capital to find the effect of the influx of foreign labour in Malaysian economic growth. The results from our model show that the employment of foreign labour increases the rate of human capital but decreases the rate of physical capital. Therefore, the level of the production function also decreases.

scholarly journals Human Capital Spending: A Review on the Developments and the Results in Turkey

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haşim Akça
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital Spending ◽  
Knowledge Capability ◽  
Factors Of Production ◽  
The Developed Countries

Human capital is defined as values like knowledge, capability, experiment and dynamism that labour contributed to production holds and enables more productive usage of other factors of production. According to this definition that includes properties of individuals in the production process like knowledge, capability, experiment and dynamism, with the definition of human capital, all capabilities devoted to the increasing production is incorporated. Developing and efficient usage of human capital and is very crucial especially in less developed and developing countries. In this countries, not only selecting the optimal combination but also acquisition and the way to use these factors of production in order to increase production exhibits an important dimension. However, this will not be sufficient to catch the developed countries. In order to achieve this goal, beyond transmitting new technologies, constructing knowledge and technology that fosters this technological development is required. Developing and efficient usage of human capital, one of the important dynamics of the economic growth is very crucial in less developed and developing countries comparing to developed countries. In order to develop human capital educated and healthy society is needed. Efficient assessment of the associated capital requires satisfaction of individuals by the means of tangible facilities social relations. In this study, the evolution of human capital will be investigated under human capital indicators and findings will be revealed. Therewithal, several suggestions will be powered for developing human capital.

scholarly journals Menelusuri Kembali Peran Investasi Modal Manusia dan Modal Fisik Dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Produktivitas

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Hendarmin Hendarmin
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of human capital on the level of economic productivity of regencies/cities in West Kalimantan Province. The data used in this study are panel data from 14 West Kalimantan Province/City Districts during the period 2012-2017 whose research results were analyzed using the Random Effect approach panel data regression analysis. The results of the study explained that the role of hum an capital as measured by the level of education, namely the average length of school (RLS), High School Participation Rate, and health level namely life expectancy (AHH) had a non-significant effect on economic productivity. Whereas physical capital investment (PMTB) has a significant influence on the level of economic productivity. The results of the analysis also show that for the human capital variable it has a smaller magnitude compared to the physical capital investment variable. Based on these results, it is concluded that the impact of human capital is very important in increasing economic productivity in the Regency/City of West Kalimantan Province.

scholarly journals AGRICULTURAL CREDITS AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY: CROSS-COUNTRY EVIDENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 161-183
Author(s):  
UNAL SEVEN ◽  
SEMIH TUMEN
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Agricultural Finance ◽  
Development Path ◽  
Agricultural Labor Productivity ◽  
Cross Country

We present cross-country evidence suggesting that agricultural credits have a positive impact on agricultural productivity. In particular, we find that doubling agricultural credits generates around 4–5% increase in agricultural productivity. We use two different agricultural production measures: (i) the agricultural component of GDP and (ii) agricultural labor productivity. Employing a combination of panel-data and instrumental-variable methods, we show that agricultural credits operate mostly on the agricultural component of GDP in developing countries and agricultural labor productivity in developed countries. This suggests that the nature of the relationship between agricultural finance and agricultural output changes along the development path. We conjecture that the development of the agricultural finance system generates entry into the agricultural labor market, which pushes up the agricultural component of GDP and keeps down agricultural labor productivity in developing countries; while, in developed countries, it leads to labor-augmenting increase in agricultural production. We argue that replacement of the informal credit channel with formal and advanced agricultural credit markets along the development path is the main force driving the labor market response.

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