scholarly journals Transboundary Environmental Damages in the Black Sea Basin and Regional Liability Regime

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arda Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Environmental Damages ◽  
Security Problem

The Black Sea is a significant basin where transboundary environmental damage activities take place. The environmental problems in the Black Sea are not only on the agenda of six Black Sea littorals, but also the states in the wider Black Sea basin. The large scales of strategic, economical and political problems in the region require entrepreneurship and co operations of the other states on the same platform. This study has two main environmental security dimensions: One of them is identifying the damages and opponents; the other one is the security problem in transboundary environment and the responsibilities of the Black Sea states. In this regard, this study aims to initiate a conversation in precautions against transboundary environmental damages considering the current security risks.

scholarly journals Qualitative and quantitative analysis of environmental damages through instauration and registers of lawful documents

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Hehl de Sylos Cintra ◽  
José Eduardo dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Moschini ◽  
José Salatiel Rodrigues Pires ◽  
Carlos Henke-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Environmental Damages ◽  
City State ◽  
The Relationship

A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the environmental damages occurrences was conducted through the lawful documents established for charging at the State Prosecution Service of São Carlos city, State of São Paulo, during 1991 - 2000, to understand the relationship between environmental problems and the current development actions. The environmental damage identified were grouped into nine classes, where deforestation was prevailing in each year along the period of study. Of the total number of deforestation occurrences, 180 was related to areas smaller than 5 ha. It corresponded to 110.35 ha of the total deforested area. The other 37 were associated with areas higher than 5 ha, equivalent to 1,013.27 ha. The registers of environmental damages in the period in a rough estimate, corresponded to a mediam loss of 5.91 ± 4.14 ha/occurrence and of 112.36 ± 91.73 ha/year of deforested area.

Settlement of early Byzantine time at the Kyz-Aul necropolis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Ф. Федосеев ◽  
Л.Ю. Пономарев
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Living Room ◽  
The South ◽  
Kerch Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Village ◽  
Sea Coast ◽  
Early Byzantine

Necropolis Kyz-Aul is located on the Black Sea coast, 1 km to the south-east of the village. Yakovenkovo. In 1930, 1979–1983, 1985, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2005–2006, 2015–2017, he was investigated by Yu. Martti, O. Chevelev, N. Sudarev and N. Fedoseev. Separate burials date back to the II–I BC, the burial of the I–III AD the most recent burials, apparently, were committed in the IV–V AD. In the VI – third quarter of the VII century AD on the territory of the already abandoned necropolis, a small settlement was located. Its cultural stratum is traced on all sites that have been followed in the last decade. As living quarters, the looted crypts of the 1st–3rd centuries AD were adapted, consisting of one or two funerary cells and built of massive blocks of limestone (№ 6, 7, 9, 10). With exception of the crypts of the poorly preserved pit of the semidugout (?) other residential and household buildings on the necropolis could not be fixed. One child burial also belongs to the same period. The most well-preserved living room in the crypt number 6. In one of its funerary cells housed five household pits and heating devices, including a fireplace, reminiscent of the design of the fireplace. In the other crypts, the interior details of the “underground” dwellings have not been preserved. In the “Khazar” time burial chamber crypts were adapted for the maintenance of small cattle. The time of the early Byzantine settlement on the necropolis dates numerous finds of amphorae. The upper date was determined thanks to the coin of 674 Constantine IV Pogonat. In addition, a ring with the image of an archangel was found, an analogy of which is known in the burial complexes of the 7th century. Unfortunately, the area and location of the necropolis of this settlement is not yet established. Cannot be reconstructed and its layout. It is difficult to reconstruct the interior of the “underground” dwellings themselves, since the crypts were reused in the “Khazar” period. In addition, no other settlements of this time were found on the ancient necropolises of the Kerch Peninsula

Benthic community structure of the Bosphorus and surrounding area

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Uysal ◽  
A. Yüksek ◽  
E. Okuş ◽  
N. Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Current System ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Other Hand

Spatial and temporal distribution of benthic communities around the Strait of Istanbul (Bosphorus) and the effect of lower layer discharge on these communities have been evaluated during studies between FebruaryÐDecember 1999. Mytilus galloprovincialis was the dominant species with fasies at the Black Sea station that is not affected by the strait lower layer current system. On the other hand, another Black Sea station, influenced by the strait lower layer currents, has a similar biota to the strait stations. Species richness and diversity is highest in the strait than other areas. The dominant species is Maera grossimana. However, the station located at the Black Sea exit of the strait has a different biota, and various groups/species appeared to be dominant. Melinna palmata is the dominant species at the Sea of Marmara during the study period. Low dissolved oxygen values of lower layer and soft substratum of sediment resulted in wide distribution of Melinna palmata, adapted to these conditions. The closer stations to the strait in the Sea of Marmara have higher diversity as a result of hydrodynamic processes. On the other hand, coastal stations with low currents and inputs have lower index values, showing the negative effect of discharges and pollution.

Solon's ‘Price-Equalisation’

1960 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
K. H. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Price ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The City

In his article entitled ‘Solon and the Megarian Question’ (JHSlxxvii) Mr A. French has given a valuable exposition of Solon's economic reforms in their relation to the strategic necessities of Athenian overseas trade. This, however, leads him to an assessment of the statesman's policy which it is rather difficult to accept, conflicting as it does both with tradition and the general probabilities of the situation. Further, it is partly based on an interpretation of a passage in Plutarch which is, I think, mistaken and indeed impossible, although it has been adopted by most authorities. Mr French's argument may be summarised as follows:(1) In the pre-Solonian era the sea route to South Attica and Phaleron, still more to Mounychia, was dominated by a hostile Megara owing to her control of Salamis; hence only the ports of East Attica were available for overseas trade in bulk cargoes. Early imports of grain and timber would have been from Thessaly, for which these ports were particularly convenient.(2) However, increasing population and the decline in soil fertility made it desirable to import wheat in large quantities from the Black Sea; this would necessitate delivery at a port nearer the city and therefore control of Salamis to prevent Megarian interference on top of the other considerable hazards of the Black Sea voyage. It would also necessitate a high price which, though in accordance with the internal agricultural conditions, would diminish the advantages of the additional external supplies to the impoverished population of Attica. The Athenian government must either embark on a naval programme, and fight Megara for Salamis, or use less grain, which meant limiting the population.

Microphallids in Gammarus insensibilis Stock, 1966 from a Black Sea lagoon: manipulation hypothesis going East?

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KOSTADINOVA ◽  
R. S. MAVRODIEVA
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Interspecific Associations ◽  
Concurrent Infections ◽  
Infection Parameters ◽  
Host Parasite

Patterns of parasite site selection, variation in infection parameters and interspecific associations are examined in the light of new field data on larval microphallids in Gammarus insensibilis from a Black Sea lagoon. These patterns are discussed in relation to the predictions for the manipulative effect of Microphallus papillorobustus and its relationships with the other microphallid species based on studies on the French Mediterranean coast. Four species were recovered: Maritrema subdolum, Microphallus hoffmanni, M. papillorobustus and Levinseniella propinqua. The latter two were located in both corporal and cephalic segments, but the selection of brain appeared stronger for L. propinqua. M. subdolum was the first colonizer of amphipod population recruits, and unequivocally the dominant species in the lagoon. There was a significant positive relationship between the parasite load of all 4 species. Concurrent infections were exceedingly frequent, and no departures from random association were detected. We found no evidence that the cerebral metacercariae of M. papillorobustus consistently predict the parasite load of any of the other species in the system and identify sources for heterogeneity that may account for the differences between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean system: habitat heterogeneity, bird diversity and host-parasite systems used to infer relationships between microphallids.

scholarly journals First survey of shallow-water Amphipoda along the Georgian Black Sea coast reveals new faunistic records and the unexpected Atlantic invader Melita nitida

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENIS COPILAȘ-CIOCIANU ◽  
GAVRIL MARIUS BERCHI ◽  
LEVAN MUMLADZE
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Cryptic Invasions ◽  
Sea Coast

We present findings from the first survey of shallow-water amphipods conducted along the Black Sea coast in Georgia. Eight species from five families have been identified, all but one being new for the Georgian fauna. Although most are usual inhabitants of the Black and Mediterranean seas, we report the first record of the invader Melita nitida in this region. This North American species was previously known in Europe only from the Atlantic and Baltic coasts. Its finding in the Black Sea implies either jump dispersal, or a more widespread, but cryptic distribution. Given that the total number of species reported in Georgia is lower than in the other countries neighbouring the Black Sea, we anticipate the discovery of new taxa in future surveys. Our study highlights the importance of faunistic exploration in previously overlooked regions for detecting potentially cryptic invasions and corroborating biogeographical patterns.

Verkehr, Warenfluss und Wissenstransfer. Überlegung zu einer internationalen Geschichte der Unteren Donau (1829–1918) / Transport, Trade and Transfer of Knowledge. Towards an International History of the Lower Danube

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 414-428
Author(s):  
Luminita Gatejel
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Power ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
International History ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site ◽  
Political Economic

Abstract Since the Treaty of Adrianople 1829 the Lower Danube underwent major political, economic and territorial transformations. It changed from a quasi-closed river entirely under Ottoman rule into a site of Great Power intervention. This new found international interest mobilised sustained efforts to make the Danube from the Iron Gates to the Black Sea navigable. Within a few years the Lower Danube turned into an important commercial and communication hub of continental dimensions. It also turned into a place of pilgrimage for politicians, diplomats, merchants and hydraulic engineers from all over Europe enabling a vivid exchange of ideas. The goal of this article is twofold: on one hand it sets out to give an overview over the existing body of historical literature that places the Lower Danube into a transnational framework, and on the other it makes several suggestions for further studies.

Hydrological Risk Phenomena and Flood Analysis

2015 ◽  
pp. 284-311
Author(s):  
Constantin Buta ◽  
Ichinur Omer ◽  
Andreea Andronic
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Catchment Size ◽  
Major River ◽  
Flood Analysis ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

This paper is one detailed research of the major river basins of the Romanian North Dobrogea, Taita River Catchment. The Taita River has a catchment size of about 591 km 2 and is flowing into the Black Sea through Topraichioi Lake after 57 km. Upstream it has an elevation about 240 m height and 0 m at downstream (the reference is the Black Sea). The complexity of this research study is given, on the one hand, by the descriptive side of the natural aspects (geological, morphological, climatic aspects, hydrology and the soil) and, on the other hand, by the practical side, boosted by the information system processing of data. This study presents the theoretical concepts concerning the hazards and the risk, which, for a better interpretation of the impact of these phenomena, are supplemented by the maps, graphs and photographs.

First finding of Greeffiella Cobb, 1922 (Nematoda, Desmoscolecida) in the Black Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Nelly G. Sergeeva ◽  
Tatiana N. Revkova
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Short Esophagus ◽  
First Finding ◽  
Northwestern Shelf ◽  
A New Species

The first finding of the genus Greeffiella Cobb 1922 (Greeffiellinae, Desmoscolecidae) in the Black Sea is presented. Two mature females were collected in Northwestern Shelf of Crimea in strongly silted fine sand with detritus at a water depth of 56 m. Greeffiella sp. is described and illustrated. The absence of males in the collections does not allow the authors to present it as a new species for science or to identify it as one of the known species of the genus Greeffiella. Black sea specimen is distinguished from the other known species of the genus Greeffiella with the presence of 8 pairs of thicker specific setae along the body, the basis of which looks like a small lamina, but without hairs, which was previously described for G. pierri Schrage & Gerlach, 1975 and G. australis Schrage & Gerlach, 1975. The short esophagus at the base has two salivary glands and a cardia. Cardia has not been mentioned before for the known species of the genus Greeffiella.

To Russia with love

Focaal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (70) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Demant Frederiksen
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Online Dating ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Port City ◽  
The West ◽  
Geographical Mobility ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Autonomous Republic ◽  
Gain Access

Among young unemployed or underemployed men in the port city of Batumi, the regional center of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara in Georgia, the Black Sea is a social and imaginary horizon that signifies both geographical mobility and confinement. Since Georgia gained independence, Batumi went from being a Soviet borderland to being an opening to the West. However, due to visa regulations, “the West”—and the opportunities associated with it—has long been limited to the other Black Sea countries of Turkey and Ukraine. Following the August 2008 war, Russia, although being a much more desirable destination, became out of reach for the majority of these men. Through the notions of social and geographical horizons, this article argues that the young men, despite their sense of confinement, manage to forge alternative connections to Russia via Internet sites, where the online dating of Russian women was used as a means to gain access to Russia via marriage.

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