scholarly journals A Study of the Effects of Non-oil Exports on Iranian Economic Growth

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Ali Yadollahzadeh Tabari ◽  
Mohammad Nasrollahi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Function Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
Oil Export

This paper examines the effects of Iranian non-oil exports on output during the years 1980-2007. We use an augmented neoclassical production function type and apply VECM methodology to estimate the short and long-run effects. The results show: negative effects of non-oil export on non-Export output, while capital stock and labor force have positive effects on non-Export GDP.

scholarly journals An analysis of the impact of non-oil exports on economic growth: Evidence from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Lawali Bello Zoramawa ◽  
Machief Paul Ezekiel ◽  
Salisu Umar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bound Test ◽  
Ardl Bound Test

The study assessed the contribution of the non-oil sector to the economic growth in Nigeria between the periods 1981 and 2019. The study employed the ARDL bound test for cointegration to analyze the direction among the variables under review. The results of the analysis revealed that there is a negative and statistically significant relationship between non-oil exports (NOE) and economic growth (RGDP) in Nigeria during the period under investigation in the long-run for Manufacturing (MANX), solid mineral(SOLX) except for Agricultural export (AGRX). There is also a bidirectional causal relationship between non-oil exports and economic growth in Nigeria during the same period. The study, therefore recommended that the Nigerian government and other stakeholders should make a country’s non-oil export commodities more attractive and competitive in the global market which will prompt the demand for Nigeria’s non-oil goods at the international market.  Keywords: Non-Oil exports, Economic Growth,

scholarly journals Trade Openness and Economic Growth in Canada: An Evidence from Time-Series Tests

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarlok Singh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
Consistent Support

This study examines the effects of international trade and investment on output and tests the null hypothesis of Granger non-causality among trade, investment and economic growth in Canada. The long-run model is estimated using several single-equation and system estimators to assess the robustness of results across methodologies. The single-equation, OLSEG, GMM, DOLS, NLLS and FMOLS, estimates of the model provide consistent support for the positive and significant long-run effects of exports and investment on output. The ML system estimates cross-validate the cointegrating relationship and reinforce the positive effects of exports and investment and the negative effects of imports on output. The over-parameterized level-VAR estimates suggest unidirectional Granger-causality from exports, imports and investment each to output. The estimates of the model with structural breaks support the long-run relationship, though the evidence is not unambiguous ubiquitously across all the tests. The evidence supporting the positive and significant long-run effects overwhelms the evidence providing weak or no support for the effects of trade on output. The results underline the need for the acceleration of exports (and investment) to offset the demand-reducing effects of imports and escalate the altitudes of output and economic growth.

scholarly journals Analysis of Ziswaf, Production Index and Sharia Stock Index on Economic Growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-242
Author(s):  
Purbawati Setyaningsih ◽  
Roikhan Mochamad Aziz ◽  
Puji Hadiyati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Production Index ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Term Model ◽  
Long Run

This study analyzes the influence ZISWAF, Gini ratio, the total export value, the index of industrial production, sharia stock index investment to GDP growth, in the short and long term. Qualitative data were taken from BPS, Baznas, ACT Global Waqf, the FSA from March 2006 until December 2017 using the methodology of The Error Correction Model (ECM). The results of this study indicate that the variable Gini Ratio, Ziswaf, Total exports, Production Index and Sharia Stock Index on GDP economic growth have significant and positive effects in the long term and the short term. Meaning that these variables have a relationship with GDP economic growth. If the variable decreases or slows down-then GDP economic growth also. While total exports have insignificant effects and negative effects on GDP economic growth. The R-square regression value of the long-term model produces a proportion of 96 percent, the short-term model produces a proportion of 97 percent. Both in the long-run and short-run models, the highest coefficient value is the value of the Gini ratio with 4.941522 and 0.348043. All positive coefficients, Gini ratio variables, ziswaf and production index have a significant effect on gdp, total exports and sharia stock indexes do not have a significant effect on gdp both in the long and short-term models. It implies in the future, fiscal economic policy makers to economic growth that opened a lot of employment, by encouraging resource based economic activities of Indonesia's largest export-oriented agriculture and mining. Good Corporate goverment should do so gini ratio of the areas surrounding the economy improved and people kesejahtaeraan increase.

scholarly journals Multi-Factor Crime in Malaysia, 1980 – 2013: Bounds Testing of Level Relationships and Granger Non-Causality Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Dullah Mulok ◽  
Mori Kogid ◽  
Rozilee Asid ◽  
Jaratin Lily
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

This study examines the relationship between criminal activities and the multi-macroeconomic factors of economic growth, unemployment, poverty, population and inflation in Malaysia from 1980 to 2013. The ARDL bounds testing of the level relationship was used to establish the long-run relation, and the Toda-Yamamoto Augmented VAR approach was used to test the short-run impact based on partial Granger non-causality analysis. Empirical results suggest that economic growth, inflation, poverty and population are significant factors affecting criminal activities in Malaysia with economic growth and poverty recording positive effects, whereas negative effects were recorded for inflation and population in the long-term. Further investigation using Granger non-causality analysis revealed that only population does Granger caused the criminal activities in the short-run. The findings provide useful information for policymakers to strengthen the existing crime-related policies in order to improve safety and security while maintaining economic sustainability in Malaysia.

scholarly journals A Study Examining the Effect of Oil Exports on Agricultural Value added in Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Afdari Mehdi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
Oil Export

The slower economic growth in some countries with high natural resources shows an unsolved dilemma in economics when we compare the economic growth of such countries with some other countries that are poor in natural resources but surprisingly have a higher economic growth. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between oil exports and agricultural value added in Iran. The theoretical framework was designed based on this assumption that the total production in the economy is divided into two sections: production for inside and production for exports. The data were collected from 1961 to 2006 and were analyzed using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The result of the analyses showed that there was significant relationship between oil export and agricultural value added. Error correction coefficient is negative and small and is equal to – 0.31 and it shows that if there is any shock or imbalance in total production, the system will be back to stability after a 3-year period. Together the independent variables explained 83% of the variance in the dependent variables. The remaining 17% was due to unidentified variables. In relation to that, we can conclude that explanatory power is high for the equation. It showed that one percent change in oil export rate lead to decrease 13% in agricultural value added. Therefore oil exports have negative effects on agricultural value added and is regarded as an important factor in Iran's agricultural value added.

scholarly journals A Bounds Test Approach to the Evaluation of Non-Oil Exports and Economic Growth in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 306-314
Author(s):  
Uzoma Chidoka Nnamaka ◽  
Chukwuma - Ogbonna Joyce Adaku ◽  
Odungweru Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Domestic Capital ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Bounds Test

This study examined the relationship between non-oil exports and economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1981 to 2019 using ARDL/Bounds testing approach to analyse data sourced from the CBN statistical bulletin.The ADF stationary test showed that all the variables attained stationarity after first difference except gross domestic product which was stationary at levels.The bounds test confirmed the existence of a long run association amongst the variables in the model.Non-oil export and economic growth were positively related in both the long run and short run. While the long run revealed an insignificant relationship, a significant relationship was observed in the short run. Trade openness showed evidence of positive and insignificant relationship with economic growth both in the long run and in the short run period while exchange rate revealed a positive and significant relationship with economic growth both in the long run and in the short run period. The R2 value indicates that 58 percent of the systematic variation in economic growth is explained by non-oil export, trade openness and exchange rate in Nigeria over the period under study. Based on these results, the study recommends: the diversification of the productive base of the nation to boost domestic capital formation needed for investment, prudent utilization of borrowed funds to reduce poverty to the barest minimum and more efficient debt management strategies to ensure that borrowed funds are directed to more productive channels in the economy to stimulate growth and improve the living standard of people.

scholarly journals Contribution of Non Oil Exports to Economic Growth in Nigeria (1985-2015)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Kromtit ◽  
Charles Kanadi ◽  
Dorathy P. Ndangra ◽  
Suleiman Lado
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bound Test

This study examines the contribution of non oil export to the growth of the Nigerian economy for the period 1985-2015. The economy is experiencing a fall in exchange earning, a fall in GDP, depletion of external reserve, scarcity of foreign exchange, and high cost of goods. This is as a result of the sudden fall in international oil price. Thus, this forms the motivation for the study. Augmented Dickey Fuller was used to test for unit root and to ascertain the stationarity of the variables. The result showed non oil exports to be stationary at level while economic growth proxied by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and exchange rate were stationary at first difference. Auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was then employed to ascertain the relationship between non oil exports and GDP. The Bound test conducted showed the presence of cointegration which means a long run relationship among the variables existed. The ARDL regression result indicated a positive and significant relationship between non oil exports and GDP. This means non oil exports contributed significantly to economic growth in Nigeria. The result also revealed that exchange rate had a negative though not significant relationship with GDP which is in line with economic theory. The study recommended making legislation that makes participation in non oil sectors like agriculture, solid minerals and manufacturing easy by both local and foreign investors, provision of credit at lower interest rate to the non oil sectors and direct participation in developing these sectors by the government.

scholarly journals Secular Stagnation? The Effect of Aging on Economic Growth in the Age of Automation

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daron Acemoglu ◽  
Pascual Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Secular Stagnation

Several recent theories emphasize the negative effects of an aging population on economic growth, either because of the lower labor force participation and productivity of older workers or because aging will create an excess of savings over desired investment, leading to secular stagnation. We show that there is no such negative relationship in the data. If anything, countries experiencing more rapid aging have grown more in recent decades. We suggest that this counterintuitive finding might reflect the more rapid adoption of automation technologies in countries undergoing more pronounced demographic changes and provide evidence and theoretical underpinnings for this argument.

scholarly journals Microfinance Institutions and Financial Sector Growth in Nigeria (1992-2018)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Abiodun Ayodeji ◽  
Adebayo Tunbosun Ogundipe
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Variable Coefficients ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Bound Test

Abstract The extent to which microfinance bank institutions have contributed to the financial sector growth has not been well unraveled in the extant literature in Nigeria, hence, this study examined the effects of microfinance banks on financial sector growth in Nigeria. It further investigated the dynamic form of relationship between microfinance banks and financial sector growth in Nigeria covering a temporal scope 1992 to 2018. The model specification was formulated using financial sector GDP as the proxy for dependent variable, microfinance credit, deposits, assets and investment were used as proxies for microfinance banks institutions. Secondary data were sourced from CBN statistical Bulletin and analyzed using auto regressive distributed lag bound test and its corresponding short and long run coefficients. Finding revealed an inconclusive long run relationship between microfinance bank institutions and financial sector growth. Checking the individual variable coefficients in the short run, microfinance credit has significant positive effect while microfinance assets has insignificant effects on financial sector growth. In the long run, it was revealed that microfinance bank deposits and assets exert insignificant positive effects while microfinance credits have insignificant effect and investments have significant negative effects on financial sector growth. The study concluded that, in the long run, microfinance bank institutions exert positive and insignificant effects on financial sector growth in Nigeria. It was therefore recommended that, for microfinance bank institutions to impact significantly on financial sector growth in Nigeria, its credit should be increased and be more directed to the target individuals and the level of their investments should be geared up so as to engender growth of the financial sector in Nigeria. Furthermore, microfinance bank institutions should maintain its status quo on deposits and assets, however, improvement on them should be encouraged so as to enhance the growth of the financial sector in Nigeria

NON-LINEAR EFFECTS OF TERRORISM ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN PAKISTAN: ACCOUNTING FOR CAPITAL PER WORKER AND STRUCTURAL BREAKS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1950014
Author(s):  
RONALD RAVINESH Kumar ◽  
SYED JAWAD HUSSAIN SHAHZAD ◽  
PETER JOSEF STAUVERMANN ◽  
NIKEEL Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Capital Share ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita

In this study, we examine the asymmetric effects of terrorism and economic growth in Pakistan over the period 1970–2016, while considering the role of capital per worker and structural breaks. We use the non-linear ARDL approach to establish the long-run association and to estimate the short-run and long-run effects accordingly. The results indicate the presence of asymmetries in both long and short run. Moreover, 1% decrease in terrorism results in an increase of per capita income by 0.02% in the long run and 0.001% in the short run. Assuming symmetry, the long run capital share is 0.47. In asymmetric relation, a 1% increase in capital share increases output by 0.55%, whereas a 1% decrease in capital stock decreases output by 0.26%. The break effects show that the years 1993 and 2004 have negative effects on growth. The vector error correction model-based causality results indicate a unidirectional causality from terrorism to per capita income. Overall, the results highlight that terrorism is growth retarding.

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