scholarly journals The plausible mechanisms of action of Carica papaya on Dengue infection: A comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhui Ken Bok ◽  
Manisha Balakrishnan ◽  
Yong Xin Jong ◽  
Yew Rong Kong ◽  
Kooi Yeong Khaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Leaf Juice

Dengue is a serious health endemic with a prediction that 2.5 billion are at risk of acquiring dengue infection and 50 million are infected yearly. Over the years, tremendous effort has been done to develop potential treatment for dengue infection. However, to no avail, most of the treatment modalities have failed in clinical evaluation and trials. With the lack of treatment for dengue infection, home remedies have been widely used as a belief to relieve the symptoms, one of them is the use of papaya leaf juice. This review provides a recent evidences and research that have been attempted to unravel the mechanism of actions of papaya leaf extract to treat dengue infection. Up to date, there are three main mechanisms that have been proposed, which are the anti-thrombocytopenic, immunomodulatory and anti-viral effect of papaya leaf juice extract.

Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation by the Leaf Extract of Carica papaya During Dengue Infection: An In Vitro Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobia Chinnappan ◽  
Vijayakumar Shettikothanuru Ramachandrappa ◽  
Kadhiravan Tamilarasu ◽  
Uma Maheswari Krishnan ◽  
Agiesh Kumar Balakrishna Pillai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibition Of Platelet Aggregation

scholarly journals Carica papaya Leaf Extract Silver Synthesized Nanoparticles Inhibit Dengue Type 2 Viral Replication In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 718
Author(s):  
Antonia Windkouni Bere ◽  
Omuyundo Mulati ◽  
James Kimotho ◽  
Florence Ng’ong’a
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
In Silico Studies

The current global occurrence of dengue infection annually is approximately 400 million, with a case fatality rate of 2.5%. However, there are no antiviral agents. Carica papaya leaf extract is known for its medicinal value, due to the presence of organic compounds that possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. This study determined the anti-dengue effect of C. papaya leaf extract silver synthesized nanoparticles. In this study, aqueous and non-aqueous extractions were carried out, followed by the synthesis of silver nanoparticles as well as characterization through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy. The in vitro anti-dengue effect was evaluated using a focus reduction neutralization test on kidney Vero E2 cell lines. In silico studies involved molecular docking to determine the potential interactions between the bioactive compounds in C. papaya leaf extract and the viral NS5 protein. C. papaya leaf methanol extract silver synthesized nanoparticle was the most promising with an IC50 of 9.20 µg/mL. Molecular docking showed 5,7 dimethoxycoumarin as the best ligand, with binding energy of −7.75 kcal/mol, indicating high affinity for the NS5 protein. These results highlight that C. papaya leaf methanol extract silver synthesized nanoparticles could be used to inhibit dengue virus type 2 viral replication. However, we recommend further studies to determine their toxicity and the safety profiles.

Phytochemical, hematologic and anti-tumor activity evaluations of Carica papaya leaf extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Joseph P Kitzmiller ◽  
Pooja Khungar ◽  
Narendra Dabbade ◽  
Kieu Tho Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

Analgesic Effectivty Of Nanoparticles Chitosan-Ethanol Leaf Extract Papaya (Carica Papaya L.) In White Male Mice (Mus Mucculus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Juliferd Gredi ◽  
Wintari Taurina ◽  
Mohamad Andrie
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
White Male ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Optimal Formula

Papaya leaves has been shown to have efficacy as an analgesic. Analgesic effect caused by the flavonoids in leaves of papaya. To enhance the analgesic effi cacy papaya into dosage formulatio of nanoparticles. The purpose of this research was to create and characterized nanoparticles from ethanol extract of papaya leaves then tested for effectiveness as an analgesic. This study used polymer chitosan and NaTPP to created nanoparticles through ionic gelation method and analgesic activity tested using writhing test method and statistical tested. Optimal formula of nanoparticles were produced at concentration of 0.2% chitosan, Na-TPP extract 0.1% and 4% with a ratio of 6: 1: 1. The nanoparticles was formed a size of 255.4 nm with polidispers index of 0.7, the zeta potential of + 11,1mV, the adsorption effi ciency by 87% and rounded morphology (spherical). Analgesic effectiveness tested by comparison between the groups ethanol extract of papaya and the groups nanoparticles of chitosan-ethanol extract papaya statistically using the T-test Independent. The results of this research indicate that there are statistically signifi cant differences (p <0.05). This results shows that the preparation nanoparticles of chitosan-ethanol extract papaya is more effective as an analgesic than the ethanol extract of papaya leaves.

Phyto extracts of Carica papaya and Tinospora cordifolia can correct thrombocytopenia in alcoholic decompensate liver cirrhosis : Case Series

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Panda
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Leaf Juice

Thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 150 × 109/L) is a frequent complication of decompensate cirrhosis and is considered as an indicator of advanced disease. Carica papaya leaf juice has beneficial effect in thrombocytopenia associated with dengue. Tinospora cordifolia has been shown to prevent the fibrous tissue deposition of liver by modulation of kupffer cell activation. An attempt was taken to observe the usefulness of extract Carica papaya and Tinospora cordifolia in alcoholic decompensate cirrhosis. A market available product Cariden is easily available to the patients which contains Phyto extracts of Carica papaya 1100mg and Tinospora cordifolia 500mg. Phyto extracts of Carica papaya and Tinospora cordifolia can enhance the platelet count within 15 days and it can normalise the platelet within 90 days of therapy in all three cases. Further randomised control trial is suggested.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Activities of Carica papaya L. Leaf Juice in a Non-Lethal, Symptomatic Dengue Mouse Model

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 501
Author(s):  
Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Abd Razak ◽  
Nor Azrina Norahmad ◽  
Nur Hana Md Jelas ◽  
Adlin Afzan ◽  
Norazlan Mohmad Misnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Intracellular Cytokines ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Leaf Juice

The role of Carica papaya L. leaf juice in immune dysregulation caused by dengue virus infection remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory activities of the freeze-dried C. papaya leaf juice (FCPLJ) on AG129 mice infected with a clinical DENV-2 (DMOF015) isolate. The infected AG129 mice were orally treated with 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day of FCPLJ, for three days. Platelet, leukocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts were microscopically determined. The level of plasma proinflammatory cytokines was measured by multiplex immunoassay. The levels of intracellular cytokines and viral RNA were determined by RT-qPCR technique. The results showed that the FCPLJ treatment increased the total white blood cell and neutrophil counts in the infected mice. The FCPLJ treatment decreased the level of GM-CSF, GRO-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, MCP-1 and MIP-1 beta in the plasma of the infected mice. The intracellular IL-6 and viral RNA levels in the liver of infected mice were decreased by the FCPLJ treatment. In conclusion, this study supports the potential immunomodulatory role of the FCPLJ in a non-lethal, symptomatic dengue mouse model. Further studies on the action mechanism of the C. papaya leaf juice and its possible use as adjunctive dengue immunotherapy are warranted.

scholarly journals Antiviral, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antiparasitic Properties of Propolis: A Review

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1360
Author(s):  
Felix Zulhendri ◽  
Kavita Chandrasekaran ◽  
Magdalena Kowacz ◽  
Munir Ravalia ◽  
Krishna Kripal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Replication Process ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Cellular Organelles

Propolis is a complex phytocompound made from resinous and balsamic material harvested by bees from flowers, branches, pollen, and tree exudates.Humans have used propolis therapeutically for centuries. The aim of this article is to provide comprehensive review of the antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties of propolis. The mechanisms of action of propolis are discussed. There are two distinct impacts with regards to antimicrobial and anti-parasitic properties of propolis, on the pathogens and on the host. With regards to the pathogens, propolis acts by disrupting the ability of the pathogens to invade the host cells by forming a physical barrier and inhibiting enzymes and proteins needed for invasion into the host cells. Propolis also inhibits the replication process of the pathogens. Moreover, propolis inhibits the metabolic processes of the pathogens by disrupting cellular organelles and components responsible for energy production. With regard to the host, propolis functions as an immunomodulator. It upregulates the innate immunity and modulates the inflammatory signaling pathways. Propolis also helps maintain the host’s cellular antioxidant status. More importantly, a small number of human clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and the safety of propolis as an adjuvant therapy for pathogenic infections.

scholarly journals Effect of Carica papaya (Linn) aqueous leaf extract on pharmacokinetic profile of ciprofloxacin in rabbits

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace E. Ukpo ◽  
Mbang A. Owolabi ◽  
Ngozi O.A. Imaga ◽  
Oluwafunke O. Oribayo ◽  
Akpobomen J. Ejiroghene
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract
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