scholarly journals The sympathetic nervous system and control of resting blood flow in adults with metabolic syndrome

2013 ◽  
pp. 36-36
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Limberg ◽  
Barbara Morgan ◽  
William Schrage
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
And Control

Sympathetic regulation of cerebral blood flow during seizures in newborn lambs

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (3) ◽  
pp. H563-H568
Author(s):  
C. D. Kurth ◽  
L. C. Wagerle ◽  
M. Delivoria-Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Sympathetic Regulation ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

We examined cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation by the sympathetic nerves in 12 newborn lambs (3–11 days old) during seizures, a potent reflex stimulator of the sympathetic nervous system. CBF was measured with microspheres, and seizures were induced with bicuculline. In six of these lambs, one hemibrain was denervated (D) chronically by interrupting the ipsilateral cervical sympathetic trunk; the other hemibrain remained innervated (I). Before and after 10, 35, and 70 min of seizures, cerebral gray matter blood flow (mean +/- SE ml.min-1.100 g-1) was, respectively, 12 +/- 3 (9%), 71 +/- 12 (21%), 120 +/- 15 (38%), and 54 +/- 5 (14%) greater (P less than 0.05) in the D than in the I hemibrain. In the cerebral white matter, hippocampus, caudate, and thalamus blood flows to the D and I hemibrains were similar before seizures but during seizures they were 10–39% greater (P less than 0.05) in the D than in the I hemibrain. Midbrain, brainstem, and cerebellum D and I blood flows were always similar. In the other six lambs, acute denervation during seizures increased ipsilateral cerebral gray and hippocampus blood flow by 10–31%, but unilateral electrical stimulation decreased ipsilateral cerebral gray, cerebral white, hippocampus, thalamus, and caudate blood flow by 17–27%. The data demonstrate that, during seizures, sympathetic nerve activity modifies regional CBF and the effect is sustained, suggesting a role for the sympathetic nervous system in newborn CBF regulation.

Effect of Sympathetic Nervous System on Cerebral Blood Flow in the Newborn Piglet

Neonatology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Monin ◽  
François Feillet ◽  
Jean-Michel Hascoet ◽  
Paul Vert
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Newborn Piglet ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Some Observations on the Sympathetic Nervous System

1939 ◽  
Vol 85 (358) ◽  
pp. 902-902
Author(s):  
E. Arnold Carmichael
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Cerebral Blood Vessels ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Outline of physiology of sympathetic nervous system and its effect on the cerebral blood-vessels. Other factors controlling cerebral blood-vessels, such as local intra-arterial pressure and gas tension. The action of adrenalin-like and cholin-like substances on the cerebral blood-vessels. Alteration in cerebral blood flow during a convulsion, and the accompanying changes in cerebro-spinal fluid pressure. Evidence for systemic sympathetic disturbance during a convulsion. Discussion of “vaso-vagal” attacks and “diencephalitic” epilepsy.

scholarly journals Hypothalamic administration of sargahydroquinoic acid elevates peripheral thermogenic signaling and ameliorates high fat diet-induced obesity through the sympathetic nervous system

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doyeon Kim ◽  
Yuna Lee ◽  
Hyeung-Rak Kim ◽  
Yeo Jin Park ◽  
Hongik Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

AbstractSargassum serratifolium (C. Agardh) C.Agardh, a marine brown alga, has been consumed as a food and traditional medicine in Asia. A previous study showed that the meroterpenoid-rich fraction of an ethanolic extract of S. serratifolium (MES) induced adipose tissue browning and suppressed diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome when orally supplemented. Sargahydroquinoic acid (SHQA) is a major component of MES. However, it is unclear whether SHQA regulates energy homeostasis through the central nervous system. To examine this, SHQA was administrated through the third ventricle in the hypothalamus in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice and investigated its effects on energy homeostasis. Chronic administration of SHQA into the brain reduced body weight without a change in food intake and improved metabolic syndrome-related phenotypes. Cold experiments and biochemical analyses indicated that SHQA elevated thermogenic signaling pathways, as evidenced by an increase in body temperature and UCP1 signaling in white and brown adipose tissues. Peripheral denervation experiments using 6-OHDA indicated that the SHQA-induced anti-obesity effect is mediated by the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, possibly by regulating genes associated with sympathetic outflow and GABA signaling pathways. In conclusion, hypothalamic injection of SHQA elevates peripheral thermogenic signaling and ameliorates diet-induced obesity.

scholarly journals Roles of Beta2- and Beta3-Adrenoceptor Polymorphisms in Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuko Masuo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activation

Hypertension, diabetes mellitus (especially type 2 diabetes mellitus), metabolic syndrome and obesity are rapidly growing public health problems. Sympathetic nerve activation is observed in obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which have strong genetic as well as environmental determinants. Reduced energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate are predictive of weight gain, and the sympathetic nervous system participates in regulating energy balance through thermogenesis. The thermogenic effects of catecholamines in obesity have been mainly mediated via the 2- and 3-adrenergic receptors in humans. Further, 2-adrenoceptors importantly influence vascular reactivity and may regulate blood pressure. Genetic polymorphistns of the -adrenoceptor gene have been shown to alter the function of several adrenoceptor subtypes and thus to modify the response to catecholamine. 2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms (Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu, and Thr164Ile) have been studied in relation to hypertension. Genetic variations in the 3-adrenoceptor (i.e. Try64Arg variant) are also associated with both obesity and hypertension. However, the precise relationships of the polymorphisms of 2- and 3-adrenoceptor genes with sympathetic nervous system activity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome have not been fully clarified. This paper will discuss the current topics involving the influence of the sympathetic nervous system and 2- and 3- adrenoceptor polymorphisms in hypertension and metabolic syndrome.

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