scholarly journals Roles of Beta2- and Beta3-Adrenoceptor Polymorphisms in Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuko Masuo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activation

Hypertension, diabetes mellitus (especially type 2 diabetes mellitus), metabolic syndrome and obesity are rapidly growing public health problems. Sympathetic nerve activation is observed in obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which have strong genetic as well as environmental determinants. Reduced energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate are predictive of weight gain, and the sympathetic nervous system participates in regulating energy balance through thermogenesis. The thermogenic effects of catecholamines in obesity have been mainly mediated via the 2- and 3-adrenergic receptors in humans. Further, 2-adrenoceptors importantly influence vascular reactivity and may regulate blood pressure. Genetic polymorphistns of the -adrenoceptor gene have been shown to alter the function of several adrenoceptor subtypes and thus to modify the response to catecholamine. 2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms (Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu, and Thr164Ile) have been studied in relation to hypertension. Genetic variations in the 3-adrenoceptor (i.e. Try64Arg variant) are also associated with both obesity and hypertension. However, the precise relationships of the polymorphisms of 2- and 3-adrenoceptor genes with sympathetic nervous system activity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome have not been fully clarified. This paper will discuss the current topics involving the influence of the sympathetic nervous system and 2- and 3- adrenoceptor polymorphisms in hypertension and metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Relationships of Adrenoceptor Polymorphisms with Obesity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuko Masuo ◽  
Gavin W. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes are rapidly growing public health problems. Heightened sympathetic nerve activity is a well-established observation in obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Human obesity, hypertension, and diabetes have strong genetic as well as environmental determinants. Reduced energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate are predictive of weight gain, and the sympathetic nervous system participates in regulating energy balance through thermogenesis. The thermogenic effects of catecholamines in obesity are mainly mediated via the β2, and β3-adrenergic receptors in humans. Further, β2-adrenoceptors importantly influence vascular reactivity and may regulate blood pressure. β-adrenoceptor polymorphisms have also been associated with adrenoceptor desensitization, increased adiposity, insulin resistance, and enhanced sympathetic nervous activity. Many epidemiological studies have shown strong relationships between adrenoceptor polymorphisms and obesity, but the observations have been discordant. This paper will discuss the current topics involving the influence of the sympathetic nervous system and β2- and β3-adrenoceptor polymorphisms in obesity.

Catestatin as a regulator of sympathetic nervous system activity and its influence on the development and progression of arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
O. А. Pankova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

The article analyzes the results of conducted studies about the effect of catestatin on the development of arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, since hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system is a powerful pathogenetic mechanism of their progression. This paper considers the causes of increased secretion and release of catecholamines due to the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and its impact on the reduction of catestatin levels, which has an inhibitory effect blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of the catestatin domain Gly364Ser, Pro370Leu, Arg374Gln, Gly367Val and the difference of their antiadrenergic activity in comparison with the wild type of catestatin are studied, the reasons of changes in the efficiency of catestatin alleles are determined. It is estimated the pathogenetic significance of low levels of catestatin in the development of hypertension through the mechanisms of impaired vasodilation and inhibition of catecholamines. The predictive significance of catestatin is based on decrease in its level in persons with hereditary predisposition to the development of arterial hypertension. The anti-inflammatory effect of catestatin determines its role in the pathogenesis of diseases accompanied by chronic inflammation, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. The role of catestatin in the regulation of glucose metabolism due to an insulin-like effect and inhibition of glucose secretion by hepatocytes, as well as improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, has been established. The perspectives of catestatin are determined as a potential biomarker of arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Ethnic differences in sympathetic nervous system-mediated energy expenditure

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (6) ◽  
pp. E789-E794 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Saad ◽  
S. A. Alger ◽  
F. Zurlo ◽  
J. B. Young ◽  
C. Bogardus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
The Impact

The impact of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity on energy expenditure (EE) was evaluated in nondiabetic Caucasian and Pima Indian men while on a weight-maintenance diet using two approaches as follows. 1) The relationship between 24-h EE, measured in a respiratory chamber, and 24-h urinary norepinephrine was studied in 36 Caucasians [32 +/- 8 (SD) yr, 95 +/- 41 kg, 22 +/- 13% fat] and 33 Pimas (29 +/- 6 yr, 103 +/- 28 kg, 30 +/- 9% fat). There was no difference between the two groups in 24-h EE (2,422 vs. 2,523 kcal/24 h) and in urinary norepinephrine (28 vs. 31 micrograms/24 h), even after adjusting for body size and composition. Twenty-four-hour EE correlated significantly with 24-h urinary norepinephrine in Caucasians (r = 0.78, P less than 0.001) but not in Pimas (r = 0.03), independent of fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass, and age. 2) The effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade with propranolol (120 micrograms/kg FFM bolus and 1.2 micrograms.kg FFM-1.min-1 for 45 min) on the resting metabolic rate (RMR) was evaluated in 36 Caucasians (30 +/- 6 yr, 103 +/- 36 kg, 25 +/- 11% fat) and 32 Pimas (28 +/- 6 yr, 100 +/- 34 kg, 27 +/- 10% fat). The RMR was similar in the two groups (2,052 vs. 1,973 kcal/24 h) even after adjustment for FFM, fat mass, and age and dropped significantly after propranolol infusion in Caucasians (-3.9%, P less than 0.001) but not in Pimas (-0.8%, P = 0.07).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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