تاريخ النسوية وتحولاتها عبر الزمن: مصر نموذجًا The History of Feminism and its Transformations through Time: Egypt as a Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (first) ◽  
pp. 88-139
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Egyptian Women ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Strategic Goal

يسعى البحث الراهن إلى تحقيق ثلاثة أهداف رئيسية، هي: أولا، الوقوف على وجهات النظر المختلفة في النظرية النسوية، التي حاولت أن ترصد مظاهر التفاوتات المختلفة بين الرجل والمرأة في المجتمعات البشرية. ثانيا، التعريف بالحركة النسوية في مصر من حيث تاريخها ومطالبها. ثالثا، الكشف عن مدى تطبيق الحقوق الممنوحة للمرأة المصرية على مستوى الممارسة الفعلية، وأبرز التحديات التي واجهتها في سياقاتها الاجتماعية والسياسية. وتوصل البحث إلى عدة نتائج، منها: أولا، أن التيارات النسوية متعددة الأفكار، تسعى للتغيير الاجتماعي والثقافي، وتغيير بناء العلاقات بين الجنسين، وصولا إلى المساواة المطلقة كهدف استراتيجي. ثانيا، يوجد تواصل عبر أجيال الحركة النسوية المصرية من حيث المطالب المرفوعة وأدوات العمل النسوي، فكل موجة من موجات الحركة النسوية المصرية تحرص على الحفاظ على مكتسبات الأجيال السابقة والبناء عليها. ثالثا، إن المرأة المصرية استطاعت الحصول على الكثير من الحقوق الاجتماعية والثقافية والاقتصادية، كما أنها أحرزت العديد من المكاسب السياسية التي ردت لها اعتبارها، ولكن ثمة فجوة نوعية كبيرة لصالح الرجال بشأن نسب تمثيل النساء والرجال في مواقع اتخاذ القرار، سواء في السلطات الثلاثة: (التنفيذية – القضائية – التشريعية)، ويرجع ذلك للثقافة الذكورية السائدة في المجتمع المصري التي تتسبب في تعرض النساء لأشكال مختلفة من التمييز والعنف في المجالين الخاص والعام. The current study sought to achieve three main goals: First, to understand the different perspectives of feminist theory that attempted to monitor the manifestations of the various differences between men and women in society. Second, the definition of the feminist movement in Egypt in terms of its history and demands. Third, revealing the extent to which the rights granted to Egyptian women are adhered to in practice as well as the level of adherence in actual practice, and the most prominent challenges they faced in their social and political contexts. This study reached several results, including: First: the diversity of feminist currents that seek social and cultural change, and change the building of gender relations, leading to absolute equality as a strategic goal. Second: there is communication across the generations of the Egyptian feminist movement in terms of raised demands and tools for feminist action. Every wave of the Egyptian feminist movement is keen to preserve and build on the gains of previous generations. Third: Egyptian women have managed to obtain many social, cultural and economic rights, and they have made many political gains that have been rehabilitated, but there is a large qualitative gap in favor of men regarding the proportions of representation of women and men in decision-making positions, whether in the three authorities: ( Executive – Judicial – Legislative) This is due to the male culture that prevails in Egyptian society, which causes women to experience various forms of discrimination and violence in the private and public spheres.

Sporting Safe in the Liminal Sphere

2016 ◽  
pp. 865-875
Author(s):  
Santosh Khadka
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Rhetorical Performance ◽  
The Web

Facebook, like any other social networking site, troubles the traditional categories of private and public spheres. As it complicates (and transcends) the distinction, it can be called a different space, or a liminal space, which falls somewhere in-between private and public spheres. The author argues that this recognition of Facebook as a liminal sphere has important implications to the (re) definition of public and private spheres and to the ways rhetoric should work or be used in the Web 2.0 sites like Facebook. The author also proposes that Michael de Certeau's notions of “strategy” and “tactics” can be powerful rhetorical tools to deal with Facebook's liminality and to enhance the rhetorical performance of self in Facebook and other similar new media forums.

Sporting Safe in the Liminal Sphere

2013 ◽  
pp. 206-216
Author(s):  
Santosh Khadka
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Rhetorical Performance ◽  
The Web

Facebook, like any other social networking site, troubles the traditional categories of private and public spheres. As it complicates (and transcends) the distinction, it can be called a different space, or a liminal space, which falls somewhere in-between private and public spheres. The author argues that this recognition of Facebook as a liminal sphere has important implications to the (re) definition of public and private spheres and to the ways rhetoric should work or be used in the Web 2.0 sites like Facebook. The author also proposes that Michael de Certeau’s notions of “strategy” and “tactics” can be powerful rhetorical tools to deal with Facebook’s liminality and to enhance the rhetorical performance of self in Facebook and other similar new media forums.

Historical Descriptions and Prescriptions for Adolescence

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Hanawalt
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Adolescence ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Definition Of

The use of the term “adolescence” for any period other than the late nineteenth or twentieth century has been much debated. Aries denied that the medieval period had a life phase that could be described with such a term; others have argued that the term carries a particular, very modern meaning even if Augustine did use the term adolescentia. This introduction to a collection of essays on the history of adolescence shows that the life stage was a well recognized and defined one through the Middle Ages and into the modern period. While the modern period did not invent adolescence, it did modify the definition. Constants in acolescence from the thirteenth through the twentieth century are the struggle between adults and youth over entry and exit from adolescence and for control during that period. But much changes over the centuries. Social scientific discussions that aid in our historical analysis are almost entirely based on the male rather than the female experience. While cultural change modifies the male definitions of adolescence, the medieval and twentieth-century definition of female adolescence stays closer to biological than social definitions of puberty.

The Cambridge History of “Capitalism”

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 996-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Temin
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Public Programs ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
The World ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
World Distribution ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This review essay of the two-volume Cambridge History of Capitalism (2014), edited by Larry Neal and Jeffrey G. Williamson, is divided into three parts. First, I describe three chapters from the second volume that I recommend for all economists to add depth to their understanding of the world economy today. Robert C. Allen analyzes the world distribution of income; Randall Morck and Bernard Yeung discuss the history of business groups; and Peter Lindert surveys private and public programs to help the poor. In each case, they analyze historical backgrounds that illuminate current issues. Second, I criticize the definition of capitalism used in these volumes as too expansive to be useful. I argue that this definition mars the essays in first volume by stimulating a fruitless search for capitalism in the millennium before the Industrial Revolution. Third, I describe the essays in this reference work starting from the most recent and ending with those about antiquity. (JEL N00, P10)

scholarly journals Defining Suitability in Mixed Agropastoral Societies - Preprint

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Plekhov ◽  
Evan I Levine
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Definition Of

This paper explores the concept of suitability within applications of Ideal Distribution Models (IDMs). Specifically, we investigate the effectiveness of single measures of suitability in contexts where diverse local populations practised a range of subsistence strategies with different environmental requirements and sociocultural consequences. To do so, we draw on legacy survey data from northern Afghanistan, within the historic region of Bactria. This region of Central Asia has a rich history of nomadic pastoralism as well as dense urban settlement, with these two lifeways often occurring concurrently with complex social and economic interdependencies developing between pastoral and agricultural societies. Conceptually, we predict that such diversity should be difficult to model by conventional IDMs, as what may be defined as a low ranked habitat by one definition of suitability may be highly ranked in another. On the other hand, identifying strong deviations from IDMs may in fact indicate shifts in subsistence strategies and settlement patterns occurring across various periods of sociopolitical and cultural change. Based on our analysis, we conclude that single measures of suitability do not sufficiently model settlement patterns as predicted by IDMs but do in fact help highlight long-term processes of ecological engineering and inheritance.

Reinventing Licentiousness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yvon Wang
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Globalized World

This book navigates an overlooked history of representation during the transition from the Qing Empire to the Chinese Republic — a time when older, hierarchical notions of licentiousness were overlaid by a new, pornographic regime. The book draws on previously untapped archives to argue that pornography in China represents a unique configuration of power and desire that both reflects and shapes historical processes. On the one hand, since the late imperial period, pornography has democratized pleasure in China and opened up new possibilities of imagining desire. On the other, ongoing controversies over its definition and control show how the regulatory ideas of premodern cultural politics and the popular products of early modern cultural markets have contoured the globalized world. The book emphasizes the material factors, particularly at the grassroots level of consumption and trade, that governed “proper” sexual desire and led to ideological shifts around the definition of pornography. By linking the past to the present and beyond, the book's social and intellectual history showcases circulated pornographic material as a motor for cultural change. The result is an astonishing foray into what historicizing pornography can mean for our understandings of desire, legitimacy, capitalism, and culture.

scholarly journals Crise, Genre et TIC: Recette pour une Schizophrénie Prononcée - L’Exemple de L’Afrique du Sud

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-309
Author(s):  
Joelle Palmieri
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
De Re ◽  
Afrique Du Sud ◽  
Politique Économique ◽  
The Family ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Economic

A l’heure de la crise économique mondiale, des femmes assument encore plus chaque jour, différemment selon les régions, et en particulier en Afrique du Sud, la responsabilité du rôle de re-production et de production. Elles assurent les soins de la famille au quotidien, en matière de santé, éducation, nutrition, assainissement… Cette responsabilité, invisible, si elle était mise en lumière, notamment via les TIC, défierait un universalisme dominant, notamment en faisant émerger des savoirs ordinaires, non savants. Pourtant, cette option ne semble pas encore à l’ordre du jour, bien au contraire. Les organisations de femmes nouent avec la société portée et accélérée par la communication et l’information, une relation de subordination, par fatalisme ou ignorance. Aussi, développer des formes de citoyenneté directe, en adéquation avec une définition corrigée de la démocratie, engage à interroger l’hypothèse d’une triangulaire politique, économique et informationnelle, ancrée dans l’articulation des sphères privée et publique. With the global economic crisis, women still assume the brunt of the responsibility for re-production and production,differently in different regions, and in particular in South Africa. They daily provide care for the family, including health,education, nutrition, and sanitation. This invisible responsibility, if it were brought to light, thanks, in particular, to ICT, wouldchallenge a dominant universalism, by highlighting common, every day and not scientific, knowledge. However, this optionis not yet on the horizon; quite the contrary: women's organizations, whether out of fatalism or ignorance, establish relations of subordination with the society supported by and accelerated through communication and information. Developing forms of direct citizenship, in line with a revised definition of democracy, questions the hypothesis of a political, economic andinformational triangular, which is rooted in the intersection of private and public spheres.

scholarly journals Defining Suitability in Mixed Agropastoral Societies - Preprint

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Plekhov ◽  
Evan I Levine
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Definition Of

This paper explores the concept of suitability within applications of Ideal Distribution Models (IDMs). Specifically, we investigate the effectiveness of single measures of suitability in contexts where diverse local populations practiced a range of subsistence strategies with different environmental requirements and sociocultural consequences. To do so, we draw on legacy survey data from northern Afghanistan, within the historic region of Bactria. This region of Central Asia has a rich history of nomadic pastoralism as well as dense urban settlement, with these two lifeways often occurring concurrently with complex social and economic interdependencies developing between pastoral and agricultural societies. Conceptually, we predict that such diversity should be difficult to model by conventional IDMs, as what may be defined as a low ranked habitat by one definition of suitability may be highly ranked in another. On the other hand, identifying strong deviations from IDMs may in fact indicate shifts in subsistence strategies and settlement patterns occurring across various periods of sociopolitical and cultural change. Based on our analysis, we conclude that single measures of suitability do not sufficiently model settlement patterns as predicted by IDMs but do in fact help highlight long-term processes of ecological engineering and inheritance.

Beirut by Night

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 256-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Buchakjian
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
Lebanese Civil War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
History Of

Over the past century, Beirut has acquired a reputation as the nightlife destination of choice in the region. Photography was and remains a privileged witness of the proverbial ‘Beirut nights’. In this essay I trace the history of the genre of nightlife photography in Beirut over the past century, from the grand ball era of the Mandate period to informal underground nightlife during the civil war and its aftermath; to the rise of the nightlife image-making industry in the 1990s and 2000s. I pay particular attention to the ways in which technological developments interplayed with historical and social contingencies in Lebanon—such as the Lebanese civil war and the disintegration of barriers between private and public spheres in the age of social media. Recast as art, digital nightlife photography is responsible for the erosion of ‘vulgarity’ as a social category under the twin pressures of neoliberalism and technological development; it also plays a major role in the contemporary branding of Beirut on a global scale.

scholarly journals Crise, Genre et TIC: Recette pour une Schizophrénie Prononcée - L’Exemple de L’Afrique du Sud

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelle Palmieri
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
De Re ◽  
Afrique Du Sud ◽  
Politique Économique ◽  
The Family ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Economic

A l’heure de la crise économique mondiale, des femmes assument encore plus chaque jour, différemment selon les régions, et en particulier en Afrique du Sud, la responsabilité du rôle de re-production et de production. Elles assurent les soins de la famille au quotidien, en matière de santé, éducation, nutrition, assainissement… Cette responsabilité, invisible, si elle était mise en lumière, notamment via les TIC, défierait un universalisme dominant, notamment en faisant émerger des savoirs ordinaires, non savants. Pourtant, cette option ne semble pas encore à l’ordre du jour, bien au contraire. Les organisations de femmes nouent avec la société portée et accélérée par la communication et l’information, une relation de subordination, par fatalisme ou ignorance. Aussi, développer des formes de citoyenneté directe, en adéquation avec une définition corrigée de la démocratie, engage à interroger l’hypothèse d’une triangulaire politique, économique et informationnelle, ancrée dans l’articulation des sphères privée et publique. With the global economic crisis, women still assume the brunt of the responsibility for re-production and production,differently in different regions, and in particular in South Africa. They daily provide care for the family, including health,education, nutrition, and sanitation. This invisible responsibility, if it were brought to light, thanks, in particular, to ICT, wouldchallenge a dominant universalism, by highlighting common, every day and not scientific, knowledge. However, this optionis not yet on the horizon; quite the contrary: women's organizations, whether out of fatalism or ignorance, establish relations of subordination with the society supported by and accelerated through communication and information. Developing forms of direct citizenship, in line with a revised definition of democracy, questions the hypothesis of a political, economic andinformational triangular, which is rooted in the intersection of private and public spheres.

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