Winter bread wheat productivity elements and yield capacity in relation to its origin

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Yu.O. Chernobai ◽  
V.K. Riаbchun ◽  
A.V. Yarosh ◽  
A.I. Morgunov
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
Breeding Efficiency ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Aim. To compare winter bread wheat accessions of different origin for spike productivity elements and yield capacity. Results and Discussion. 104 winter bread wheat accessions from 10 countries were studied. We distinguished, an accession from Turkey, SWW 1-904 (12.8 cm) due to its long spike. The largest number of spikelets was recorded in accessions SWW 1-904 (TUR), Veha (RUS) and Pamiatі Hіrka (UKR) - 21 spikelets. Turkish accession SWW 1-904 was noticeable for the grain number per spike. The greatest spike density was observed in accession Zluka (UKR) - 2.5 spikelets / cm. The spike weight and grain weight per spike were the highest in SWW 1-904 (TUR): 6.0 g and 4.5 g, respectively. Accessions Lehenda Myronivska (0.81), Prydniprovska (UKR), Kuma, Yunona, Avgusta (RUS) (0.80) had the highest index of spike productivity. The 1000-grain weight of 55.0 g was recorded in intensive variety SWW 1-904 (TUR). Accessions from Ukraine, Darynka Kyivska and Raihorodka combined high winter hardiness (9 points) with high yield capacity (955 g/m2). Conclusions. Thus, winter bread wheat accessions that are valuable starting material for developing new varieties with a set of important economic features, were identified. They can increase the breeding efficiency and accelerate the breeding process.

scholarly journals Seed quality indicators of winter bread wheat accessions depending on the grain size

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
O. O. Skrypnyk ◽  
O. Yu. Leonov ◽  
T. P. Shyianova ◽  
K. Yu. Suvorova ◽  
Z. V. Usova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Purpose and objectives. To evaluate the effect of sorting seeds by size on their quality indicators: germination energy, laboratory germinability and 1000-grain weight. Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out in the experimental field of the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of NAAS in accordance with the field experimentation method in 2016–2018; 26 winter bread wheat lines and varieties were studied. The varieties and lines were grown in variety trial experiments; the plot area was 10 m2. Seeds were separated on sieves of a laboratory separator RLU-3; the 1000-grain weight was measured; the laboratory germinability and germination energy were determined. Results and discussion. When winter bread wheat seeds are sorted on sieves, they are separated into fractions with various 1000-grain weights. The separated fractions of winter wheat seeds have different sowing qualities. The 2.5 x 20 mm seeds and 2.8 x 20 mm seeds are of the best quality (germination energy, germinability). It was found that in 2016–2018, the germination energy, laboratory germinability and 1000-gain weight changed depending on the growing conditions. They were the highest in 2017. The varieties with a high 1000-grain weight have been identified: Doskonala, Pryvablyva, Smuhlianka, and Haiok. The highest germination energy and germinability were intrinsic to varieties Yednist, Harmonika and Bunchuk. Yednist (93.3%), Harmonika (94.3%), Metelytsia Kharkivska (94.5%), Bunchuk (94.7%), Alians (93.3%), Podolianka (92.5%), Patriotka (93.6%), Zapashna (93.3%), Dyvo (93.7%), Doskonala (93.6%), Krasa Laniv (94.0%), Smuhlianka (93.1%), and Erythrospermum 408-13 (93.7%) had a high germinability of small seeds (2.2 x 20 mm). To clean these varieties, especially in years with low seed yields, it is recommended to use seeds of the standard size (2.2–2.5 x 20 mm). Conclusions. The relationships between the grain size and sowing qualities of seeds have been established. Separation of seeds is an effective technological method allowing for selection of top-quality seeds

scholarly journals The study of the adaptive properties of the initial material of winter bread wheat according to the trait ‘1000-grain weight’

2021 ◽  
Vol 344 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
N. S. Kravchenko ◽  
S. V. Podgorny ◽  
N. N. Vozhzhova
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Adaptability Parameters ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Introduction. One of the urgent direction in winter wheat breeding is to improve its adaptability, enhance the ability of varieties to give maximum productivity under certain environmental conditions.Methods. The objects of research were 290 samples of winter bread wheat of various ecological and geographical origin taken from the world collection of domestic and foreign selection. In order to estimate the adaptability parameters of the varieties according to the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ there have been selected 31 samples, in accordance with several economically valuable traits. The variety ‘Ermak’ was used as a standard variety.Results. The study has resulted in the identification of the collection samples with different adaptive properties. The samples with bi > 1 ‘Slavna’ (Si2 = 3.01), ‘Chornyava’ (Si2 = 5.64), ‘Etana’ (Si2 = 5.64) can be classified as the varieties of intensive type. The i samples with bi < 1 ‘Ermak’ (bi = 0.93), ‘L 19578’ (bi = 0.42), ‘Simonida’ (bi = 0.21) can be classified as the varieties of extensive type. The samples ‘Vinnichanka’ (bi = -0.07), ‘Zlatka’ (bi = -0.71), ‘Ling Xing 99’ (bi = -0.26) and ‘Sailor’ (bi = -1.22) were identified as adaptable and highly adapted. The samples ‘Vinnichanka’ (Si2 = 0.74), ‘EistanzueLo Benteveo’ (Si2 = 0.82), and ‘Zhong Ping 1597’ (Si2 = 0.23) showed their stability of the trait ‘1000 grain weight’. The samples ‘Zhong Ping 1597’ (Hom = 12119.6), ‘Shestopalivka’ (Hom = 3703.3) and others were characterized by high homeostaticity. The maximum breeding value were identified in the varieties ‘Ling Xing 99’ (Sc = 47.4), ‘Zhong Ping 1597’ (Sc = 46.5), ‘Shestopalivka’ (Sc = 46.3), ‘EistanzueLo Benteveo’ (Sc = 46.3), ‘L 19578’ (Sc = 46.3) and ‘Akter’ (Sc = 45.0). The identified genotypes have been recommended to be used into crossings to develop highly productive varieties adapted to the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region.

A trait collection of spring groat barley

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
I.A. Petukhova ◽  
V.K. Riabchun ◽  
V.A. Muzapharova ◽  
O.I. Padalka ◽  
T.A. Sheliakina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The goal of our research was to form a collection of groats barley, to search, to select and to evaluate starting material of spring barley for a set of valuable economic traits, technological properties and culinary qualities of barley groats. Results and Discussion. Basing on to the results of assessments, we identified selected 55 spring barley accessions, which were characterized by 17 traits and 75 expression levels. The collection includes accessions from 11 countries; the largest number of accessions (59) are from Ukraine; 39 – from Russia; 10 - from Belarus; 10 - from Germany; 6 - from France; 5 - from Kazakhstan; 4 - from Canada; 3 - from the Czech Republic; 2 – from Great Britain; 1 accesson is from Serbia; and 1 - from Austria. Accessions combining high levels of expression of different traits are the most valuable. They include the following accessions: Doridnyi, Vodohrai, Sviatomykhailivskyi, Svarozhych, Soka, Іlot (UKR). Naked accessions include: Akhilles (UKR), Mayskiy, Oskar, Golozyornyy 1, Omskiy Golozyornyy 1 (RUS), CDC Alamo, CDC Candle (CAN). These varieties can be starting material for creation of new modern high-performance spring groats barley varieties. Ten valuable accessions registered with the NCPGRU (Sovіra, Doridnyi, Soka, Vodohrai, Partner, Yukatan, Avhii, Svarozhych, Baskak, and Virtuoz) were included in the trait groats collection. Conclusions. Basing on the results of multiyear studies, we formed the trait collection of spring groats barley comprising 140 accessions from 11 countries. The collection includes 55 reference accessions that cover 17 traits (plant height, vegetation period, ear length, grain weight per ear, 1000-grain weight, grain shape, grain evenness, vitreousness, culinary qualities of barley groats, etc.) characterized by 75 levels of their expression. The collection is of considerable value for science and education. The accessions selected allow improving the efficiency of breeding to create new varieties with high technological and culinary properties as well as with a set of valuable economic characteristics.

scholarly journals Expected genetic advance for thousand grain weight and grain number per spike of bread wheat and durum wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
Gordana Brankovic ◽  
Dejan Dodig ◽  
Desimir Knezevic ◽  
Vesna Kandic ◽  
Jovan Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike

The research was aimed at examining variability, variance components, broadsense heritability (h2), expected genetic advance of thousand grain weight (TGW) and grain number per spike (GNS) of 15 genotypes of bread wheat and 15 genotypes of durum wheat. Field trials were carried out during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing seasons at the three sites: Rimski Sancevi, Zemun Polje and Padinska Skela. Results of this investigation showed that the genetic component of variance (?2 g) was predominant for TGW of bread and durum wheat and for GNS of bread wheat. The genotype ? environment interaction (?2 ge) component of phenotypic variance was 8.72 times higher than ?2 g for GNS of durum wheat and pointed to the greater instability of durum wheat genotypes. h2 was very high (>90%) for TGW and GNS of bread wheat, high for TGW of durum wheat - 87.3% and low for GNS of durum wheat - 39.5%. Considering the high values obtained for h2 - 96.4% and the highest value for expected genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) - 19.3% for TGW of bread wheat, the success of selection for desired values of this yield component can be anticipated. The success of selection cannot be predicted for GNS of durum wheat due to low values obtained for h2 and GAM of 39.5% and 2.8%, respectively.

Enhancement of dwarf wheat germplasm with high-yield potential derived from induced mutagenesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongchun Xiong ◽  
Huijun Guo ◽  
Yongdun Xie ◽  
Linshu Zhao ◽  
Jiayu Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dwarfing Genes ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

AbstractThe dwarfing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding has promoted a dramatic increase in yields. Since the utilized dwarfing genes in wheat are very limited, identification of novel dwarfing genes is necessary for improving the genetic diversity of wheat. In this study, more than 300 dwarfing wheat lines from induced mutation were screened by kompetitive allele-specific PCR and gibberellin (GA) treatment. The 17.49% of Rht-D1b and 1.37% of Rht-B1b dwarfing mutants were identified in this mutant group. Additionally, Rht-D1b mutants showed more effective in reduction of plant height and higher 1000-grain weight comparing with that of Rht-B1b mutants. By combing with comparison of yield components and expression profile of GA biosynthetic genes with wild-type, the GA-responsive mutant dm15 without directly involvement in GA metabolism, significantly increased 1000-grain weight but no change of other yield components in two locations of field experiments. Meanwhile, another elite mutant dm11 with change of GA biosynthetic genes expression was also identified. These mutants will be promising candidates for dwarfing wheat breeding.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF REGULATION OF SOURCE-SINK RELATIONSHIP ON GRAIN YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT OF DIFFERENT BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaddoa & Kadom
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Abu Ghraib ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A field trial was conducted at Abu-Ghraib Research Station-Agricultural Research Directorate-Ministry of Agriculture during the growing seasons of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The objective was to investigate the effect of source-sink Regulation on grain yield  and its companents of five bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Randomized complete block design with the arrangement of split-plots with three replicates was used. Bread wheat cultivars (Bohooth-22, IPA 99, Abu-Ghraib-3,Al-Fath and Al-Rasheed) occupied the main plots while treatments of source-sink relationship regulation occupied the sub-plots. They included eight treatments: Con. control (Con.), S1 (removal of lamina of the flag leaf of main stem), S2 (removal of laminas of the leaf  beneath the flag leaf), S3 (removal of both lamina of the leaf  and the leaf under flag leaf), S4 (removal of upper third spikelets),S5 (removal of median third spikelets), S6 (removal of lower third spikelets) and S7 (removal all spikelets from one side of spike) . Characteristics of plant height, flag leaf area, spike length, no of spikelet per spike, spike weight, and grain yield and its components were measured and estimated. Results of the present study indicated the followings:  Cultivar (Bohooth-22) gave the highest 1000 grain weight (35.70 and 35.31 g) the highest grain yield (5.467 and 5.148 t.ha-1) in both seasons, respectively compared with Abu-Ghraib3 and Al-Rasheed cultivars which gave lowest grain yield (4.918,4.364, 4.239 and 4.352 t.ha-1) in both seasons, respectively and then less 1000 grain weight (30.15, 32.66, 32.61 and 32.77 g), in both seasons, respectively. Treatment (Con.) i.e no modification of source-sink relationship gave the highest grain yield (5.93 and 5.66 t.ha-1) in both seasons, respectively. Treatments of regulation source (S1 and S3)gave grain yield (4.909, 4.698, 4.621and 4.356 t.ha-1), respectively while (S5) treatment gave the lowest grain yield (4.203 t.ha-1) in the first season and (4.061 t.ha-1) in the second season. This indicates that sink regulation treatment was the most influencial in reducing grain yield than the source regulation treatment, especially, treatment (S5) in both seasons where the  median third of spikelets had been removed due to the reduction of spike growth rate (3.18 and 2.49 g.day-1) in both seasons compared with the (Con) treatment which gave the highest values of spike growth rate (3.91 and 3.12 g.day-1) in both seasons, respectively which resulted in the reduction of dry matter translocation in the (S5) treatment (1.87 and 1.74 g.day -1) and consequently in the reduction of 1000 grain weight (30.09 and 31.199) compared with (34.99 and 37.12 g) in the (Con.) treatment in both seasons, respectively.

scholarly journals Comparison of productivity elements of recombinants of spring bread wheat with translocation from Thinopyrum elongatum carrying rust resistance genes

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
V. V. Piskarev ◽  
N. I. Boyko ◽  
Е. V. Morozova ◽  
V. Yu. Sukhomlinov ◽  
V. A. Aparina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

There have been presented the results of a comparative estimation of recombinants developed on the basis of two commercial varieties (‘Sibirskaya 17’ and ‘Novosibirskaya 31’) hybridized with ‘Thatcher Lr19’ and ‘Thatcher Lr24’. Recombinants were evaluated in the field conditions in 2016, 2017 and 2020. The purpose of the current study was to identify the effect of translocations from Thinopyrum elongatum on the manifestation of productivity elements in recombinants of spring bread wheat developed on the basis of two commercial varieties. The analysis of the genetic composition of the Puccinia triticina populations in Western and Eastern Siberia did not identify genes which were virulent to resistance genes Lr19, Lr24, Lr28, Lr41, Lr47, Lr45 LrSp, Lr6Agi 1 and Lr6Agi 2. The recombinants developed on the basis of the variety ‘Sibirskaya 17’ (the variety productivity was 398.3 g/m2 , grain weight per head was 1.35 g, 1000-grain weight was 37.8 g) were characterized by the severity of the main agronomically valuable traits at the level of the recipient variety, or significantly lower (productivity was 271.5–327.8 g/m2 , grain weight per head was 1.03–1.16 g, 1000-grain weight was 32.5–36.4 g). The recombinants carrying translocations (the length of the period ‘sprouts-heading’ was 44.4 and 44.5 days, grain weight per head was 1.20 and 1.24 g) developed on the basis of the variety ‘Novosibirskaya 31’ (with 42.4 days, 1.02 g) have demonstrated a significant increase in the length of the period ‘sprouts-heading’ and grain weight per head in comparison with the recombinants without translocations (41.6 and 43.6 days, 0.99 and 1.10 g). On average over 3 years, 12 recombinants hybridized from the combination ‘Novosibirskaya 31 x Thatcher Lr19’ produced higher yields (355.6–427.5 g/m2) than those of the recipient variety (301.5 g/m2), both with (6 pcs.), and without (6 pcs.) a translocation.

Stability and plasticity of grain weight per spike, 1000-kernel weight and yield of mid-high and semi-dwarf genotypes of winter bread wheat

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
A.V. Yarosh ◽  
V. K. Riabchun ◽  
O. O. Chetveryk ◽  
Yu. O. Chernobai
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Environmental Response ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Stability

Aim. To determine the stability and plasticity of the grain weight per spike, 1000-kernel weight and yield of mid-high and semi-dwarf winter bread wheat accessions. Results and Discussion. We determined the stability and plasticity of the grain weight per spike, 1000-kernel weight and yield of mid-high and semi-dwarf winter bread wheat accessions. The meteorological conditions during the vegetation periods in 2015-2018 made it possible to differentiate winter bread wheat accessions by stability and plasticity of the grain weight per spike, 1000-kernel weight and yield. The best winter bread wheat accessions of the NCPGRU’s collection, which were distinguished by grain weight per spike, 1000-kernel weight and yield, were evaluated for their stability degree (Sd) and plasticity level by regression coefficient. It was found that the proportion of accessions with high homeostaticity (bi <1) for the traits under investigation, which was most typical for mid-genotypes, was 70.6% for the yield, 64.7% for the 1000-kernel weight and 58.8% for the grain weight per spike, which is important for breeding for adaptability. Sources of high homeostaticity with a regression coefficient of <1 for the grain weight per spike (Zorepad Bilotserkovskyi, Anatoliia (UKR)); 1000-kernel weight (Krasa Laniv (UKR); Ilona (SVK)); yield (Pochaina, Krasa Laniv (UKR); Adel, Kazachka (RUS); OR2070011 (USA); Ilona (SVK), Darunok Podillia (UKR)) were singled out. In addition, we selected accessions with a wide environmental response (bi> 1), which can best fulfill their yield capacity under improved growing conditions or on an increased soil fertility, for the grain weight per spike (Zorepad Bilotserkovskiy, Anatoliia (UKR)); 1000-kernel weight (Harmonika, Prynada (UKR), Moskvich (RUS), Aran (AZE)); yield (Biloretskovskyi Zorepad, Prynada (UKR), Morozko, Vid (RUS)). Conclusions. The study of collection material of different eco- geographical origin enabled us to identify new sources of grain weight per spike, 1000-kernel weight and yield with increased environmental plasticity and stability, the use of which in breeding programs will contribute to the development of new highly productive and more valuable genotypes. Sources of high homeostaticity in winter bread wheat are valuable starting material to develop new highly adaptive varieties.

scholarly journals Identification of QTLs affecting post-anthesis heat stress responses in European bread wheat

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Touzy ◽  
Stéphane Lafarge ◽  
Elise Redondo ◽  
Vincent Lievin ◽  
Xavier Decoopman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Main Effect

Abstract Key message The response of a large panel of European elite wheat varieties to post-anthesis heat stress is influenced by 17 QTL linked to grain weight or the stay-green phenotype. Abstract Heat stress is a critical abiotic stress for winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) especially at the flowering and grain filling stages, limiting its growth and productivity in Europe and elsewhere. The breeding of new high-yield and stress-tolerant wheat varieties requires improved understanding of the physiological and genetic bases of heat tolerance. To identify genomic areas associated with plant and grain characteristics under heat stress, a panel of elite European wheat varieties (N = 199) was evaluated under controlled conditions in 2016 and 2017. A split-plot design was used to test the effects of high temperature for ten days after flowering. Flowering time, leaf chlorophyll content, the number of productive spikes, grain number, grain weight and grain size were measured, and the senescence process was modeled. Using genotyping data from a 280 K SNP chip, a genome-wide association study was carried out to test the main effect of each SNP and the effect of SNP × treatment interaction. Genotype × treatment interactions were mainly observed for grain traits measured on the main shoots and tillers. We identified 10 QTLs associated with the main effect of at least one trait and seven QTLs associated with the response to post-anthesis heat stress. Of these, two main QTLs associated with the heat tolerance of thousand-kernel weight were identified on chromosomes 4B and 6B. These QTLs will be useful for breeders to improve grain yield in environments where terminal heat stress is likely to occur.

Effects of CCC on Bread Wheat in Kenya

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Seitzer
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SUMMARYCCC applied to bread wheat, in 1967 and 1968 as a foliar spray at 1·40 and 2·28 kg./ha. a.i., prevented and/or delayed lodging to some extent. However, this effect was small and complete control of lodging seems to be unlikely, even when using large amounts. CCC increased grain yields, by 1·5 to 10·9 qu./ha., depending on the extent to which lodging was reduced. Significant depressions in yield were obtained, presumably owing to an observed increase incidence in ear diseases, particularly Septoria nodorum. The increase in grain yield was due mainly to an increase in 1000 grain weight and grains per ear, whereas the effect on tillers per unit area was slightly negative. Where no lodging occurred, there was a slight but non-significant tendency for increasing grain yields after CCC treatment.

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