scholarly journals Trans-rectal palpation in cows: An appraisal of its teaching in selected veterinary schools in Southern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Rectal Palpation

Introduction: Trans-rectal palpation (TRP) is the examination of the internal genitalia of female large animals which is carried out via the rectum and taught mostly during the clinical years of veterinary training. This study was conducted to evaluate the essence of TRP to veterinary medicine programme in Nigerian veterinary schools in Southern Nigeria. Methods: One hundred final year students were randomly selected from two veterinary schools to fill prepared questionnaire. The first part was on bio-data of respondents. The second part tested knowledge of students on anatomy and physiology of reproductive organ/system in cow. The last section dealt with extent of their involvement in TRP, frequency of palpation with live animal, impact of the training on skill development and their confidence on using this technique post-graduation. The data were presented with descriptive statistics (frequent and percentage). Association between frequency of palpation and confidence to employ TRP during clinical service post-graduation was tested with Chi square and statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. Results: More male students (65%) than female (35%) responded to the survey. Most respondents (43%) were within age group 25-30 years compared to <25 and >30 years age groups. The students demonstrated good knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the reproductive tract of cow with 72% having high scores (? 75%). The majority of the students (90%) were able to use live animals for TRP exercise, out of which only 25 (28%) had performed palpation on a live cow (?3×). There was a strong (p > 0.05) association between frequency of palpation and the confidence displayed by respondents to use the method post-graduation. Significance: It is recommended that students should be taught TRP with live animals possibly by being involved in ante mortem inspection of cattle meant for slaughter at the abattoir.

scholarly journals Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares de um colégio militar

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Paixão Fayer ◽  
Maria Marta Conrado ◽  
Luciano Miranda ◽  
Renato Melo Ferreira ◽  
Everton Rocha Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Military College

Introdução: Nas últimas décadas aumentou o número de pessoas acima do peso, incluindo crianças e adolescentes, fato que é considerado preocupante, pois pode acarretar diversas doenças crônicas, em longo prazo.Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares de um colégio militar, investigando possíveis diferenças entre os sexos e as faixas etárias.Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, transversal, do qual participaram 381 escolares de um colégio militar de Minas Gerais, de 11 a 17 anos, sendo 213 meninos e 168 meninas. Calculou-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC) que foi classificado segundo o PROESP-BR. Para testar diferenças entre os sexos, utilizou-se o teste do Qui-Quadrado (X2) e para testar a relação entre idade e IMC, utilizou-se a correlação de Pearson. Significância estatística: p < 0,05.Resultados: Foi observado sobrepeso em 17,8% (n = 68) e de obesidade em 5,8% (n = 22) dos escolares. Houve correlação positiva entre a idade cronológica e o IMC (r = 0,32; p < 0,0001). Não houve correlação entre estado nutricional e faixa etária. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os sexos, em relação ao sobrepeso e à obesidade (16,9% e 6,6% nos meninos vs. 19,0% e 4,8% nas meninas, respectivamente).Conclusão: A prevalência sobrepeso e obesidade nos escolares do colégio militar, em conjunto, foi de 23,6%, tanto nos meninos quanto nas meninas, sem diferença significativa entre as faixas etárias. Essa prevalência foi similar à média de escolares brasileiros.Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Students of a Military SchoolIntroduction: Over the past few decades, the number of overweight people, including children and adolescents has increased significantly, a fact that is considered worrying, as it can lead to several chronic diseases in the long term.Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren of a military college, investigating possible differences between sexes and age groups.Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out in which 381 students from a military school in Minas Gerais, aged 11 to 17 years, were 213 boys and 168 girls. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated according to the PROESP-BR. To test for gender differences, the Chi-square test (X2) was used and Pearson's correlation was used to test the relationship between age and BMI. Statistical significance: p <0.05.Results: Overweight was observed in 17.8% (n = 68) and obesity in 5.8% (n = 22) of the students. There was a positive correlation between chronological age and BMI (r = 0.32; p <0.0001). There was no correlation between nutritional status and age range. No significant differences were observed between genders regarding overweight and obesity (16.9% and 6.6% in boys vs. 19.0% and 4.8% in girls, respectively).Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the students of the military college, together, was 23.6% in both boys and girls, with no significant difference between age groups. This prevalence was similar to the average of Brazilian schoolchildren.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Visibility of Fetal Tooth Buds on 1.5 and 3 Tesla MRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3424
Author(s):  
Burkhard Kunzendorf ◽  
Mariana C. Diogo ◽  
Delfina I. Covini ◽  
Michael Weber ◽  
Gerlinde M. Gruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Primary Tooth ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
3 Tesla Mri ◽  
Tooth Buds ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

Dental anomalies coincide with genetic disorders, and prenatal identification may contribute to a more accurate diagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess whether fetal Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI) is suitable to visualize and investigate intrauterine dental development in the upper jaw, and to compare the quality of visibility of tooth buds between 1.5 Tesla (T) and 3T images. MR images of fetuses Gestational Week (GW) 26.71 ± 4.97 from 286 pregnant women with diagnoses unrelated to dental anomalies were assessed by three raters. We compared the visibility between groups and field strengths in five gestational age groups, using chi square and Fisher’s exact tests. All ten primary tooth buds were identifiable in 5.4% at GW 18–21, in 75.5% at GW 26–29, and in 90.6% at GW 34+. Before GW 30, more tooth buds were identifiable on 3T images than on 1.5T images. Statistical significance was only reached for identification of incisors (p = 0.047). Therefore, 1.5T and 3T images are viable to visualize tooth buds, particularly after GW 25, and their analysis may serve as diagnostic criterion. MRI tooth bud data might have an impact on various fields of research, such as the maldevelopment of teeth and their causes. Analyzing tooth buds as an additional diagnostic criterion is not time consuming, and could lead to an improvement of syndrome diagnosis.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

Use of SAMe-TT₂R₂ Score to Predict the Quality of Anticoagulation Control in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Warfarin in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-552
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Time In Therapeutic Range ◽  
Anticoagulation Control

Objective: To predict the quality of anticoagulation control in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving warfarin in Thailand. Materials and Methods: The present study retrospectively recruited Thai AF patients receiving warfarin for three months or longer between June 2012 and December 2017 in Central Chest Institute of Thailand. The patients were classified into those with SAMe-TT₂R₂ of 2 or less, and 3 or more. The Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the proportion of the patients with poor time in therapeutic range (TTR) between the two groups of SAMe-TT₂R₂ score. The discrimination performance of SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was demonstrated with c-statistics. Results: Ninety AF patients were enrolled. An average age was 69.89±10.04 years. Most patients were persistent AF. An average CHA₂DS₂-VASc, SAMe-TT₂R₂, and HAS-BLED score were 3.68±1.51, 3.26±0.88, and 1.98±0.85, respectively. The present study showed the increased proportion of AF patients with poor TTR with higher SAMe-TT₂R₂ score. The AF patients with SAMe-TT₂R₂ score of 3 or more had a larger proportion of patients with poor TTR than those with SAMe-TT₂R₂ score of 2 or less with statistical significance when TTR was below 70% (p=0.03) and 65% (p=0.04), respectively. The discrimination performance of SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was demonstrated with c-statistics of 0.60, 0.59, and 0.55 when TTR was below 70%, 65% and 60%, respectively. Conclusion: Thai AF patients receiving warfarin had a larger proportion of patients with poor TTR when the SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was higher. The score of 3 or more could predict poor quality of anticoagulation control in those patients. Keywords: Time in therapeutic range, Poor quality of anticoagulation control, Warfarin, SAMe-TT₂R₂, Labile INR

Predictors of Faster Decline of Residual Renal Function in Taiwanese Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Te Liao ◽  
Chih-Chung Shiao ◽  
Jenq-Wen Huang ◽  
Kuan-Yu Hung ◽  
Hsueh-Fang Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Measure Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Artery Disease

⋄ Objective Loss of residual renal function (RRF) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is a powerful predictor of mortality. The present study was conducted to determine the predictors of faster decline of RRF in PD patients in Taiwan. ⋄ Methods The study enrolled 270 patients starting PD between January 1996 and December 2005 in a single hospital in Taiwan. We calculated RRF as the mean of the sum of 24-hour urea and creatinine clearance. The slope of the decline of residual glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was the main outcome measure. Data on demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment parameters; episodes of peritonitis; and hypotensive events were analyzed by Student t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and chi-square, as appropriate. All variables with statistical significance were included in a multivariate linear regression model to select the best predictors ( p < 0.05) for faster decline of residual GFR. ⋄ Results All patients commencing PD during the study period were followed for 39.4 ± 24.0 months (median: 35.5 months). The average annual rate of decline of residual GFR was 1.377 ± 1.47 mL/min/m2. On multivariate analysis, presence of diabetes mellitus ( p < 0.001), higher baseline residual GFR ( p < 0.001), hypotensive events ( p = 0.001), use of diuretics ( p = 0.002), and episodes of peritonitis ( p = 0.043) independently predicted faster decline of residual GFR. Male sex, old age, larger body mass index, and presence of coronary artery disease or congestive heart failure were also risk factors on univariate analysis. ⋄ Conclusions Our results suggested that diabetes mellitus, higher baseline residual GFR, hypotensive events, and use of diuretics are independently associated with faster decline of residual GFR in PD patients in Taiwan.

In-Hospital Stroke Care: A Six-Year Community-Based Primary Stroke Center Experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 194187442110070
Author(s):  
Felix Ejike Chukwudelunzu ◽  
Bart M Demaerschalk ◽  
Leonardo Fugoso ◽  
Emeka Amadi ◽  
Donn Dexter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Stroke Team ◽  
Primary Stroke Center ◽  
Stroke Center

Background and purpose: In-hospital stroke-onset assessment and management present numerous challenges, especially in community hospitals. Comprehensive analysis of key stroke care metrics in community-based primary stroke centers is under-studied. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for patients admitted to a community hospital for non-cerebrovascular indications and for whom a stroke alert was activated between 2013 and 2019. Demographic, clinical, radiologic and laboratory information were collected for each incident stroke. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed. When applicable, Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square tests were used to compare median values and categorical data between pre-specified groups. Statistical significance was set at alpha = 0.05. Results: There were 192 patients with in-hospital stroke-alert activation; mean age (SD) was 71.0 years (15.0), 49.5% female. 51.6% (99/192) had in-hospital ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The most frequent mechanism of stroke was cardioembolism. Upon stroke activation, 45.8% had ischemic stroke while 40.1% had stroke mimics. Stroke team response time from activation was 26 minutes for all in-hospital activations. Intravenous thrombolysis was utilized in 8% of those with ischemic stroke; 3.4% were transferred for consideration of endovascular thrombectomy. In-hospital mortality was 17.7%, and the proportion of patients discharged to home was 34.4% for all activations. Conclusion: The in-hospital stroke mortality was high, and the proportions of patients who either received or were considered for acute intervention were low. Quality improvement targeting increased use of acute stroke intervention in eligible patients and reducing hospital mortality in this patient cohort is needed.

scholarly journals Changes in Six-Month Prevalence of Circulatory System Diseases among People Aged 20 Years and Older between 2013 and 2018 in Hunan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2599
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Rao ◽  
Junjie Hua ◽  
Ruotong Li ◽  
Yanhong Fu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Recent changes in population-based prevalence for circulatory system diseases (CSDs) remain unreported either nationally or locally for China. Data were from the two-round health service household interview survey of Hunan Province, China, in 2013 and 2018. A Rao–Scott chi-square test was performed to examine prevalence differences across socio-demographic variables. The overall age-standardized prevalence of CSDs increased substantially between 2013 and 2018 for inhabitants aged 20 years and older (14.25% vs. 21.25%; adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.24–2.04). Hypertensive disease was the most prevalent type of CSD, accounting for 87.24% and 83.83% of all CSDs in 2013 and in 2018, respectively. After controlling for other socio-demographic factors, the prevalence of CSDs was significantly higher in 2018 (adjusted OR = 1.40), urban residents (adjusted OR = 1.43), females (adjusted OR = 1.12) and older age groups (adjusted OR = 5.36 for 50–59 years, 9.51 for 60–69 years, 15.19 for 70–79 years, and 12.90 for 80 years and older) than in 2013, rural residents, males and the youngest age group (20–49 years). The recent increase in the overall age-standardized CSD prevalence and the large prevalence disparities across urban/rural residents, sex and age groups merit the attention of policymakers and researchers. Further prevention efforts are needed to curb the increasing tendency and to reduce the prevalence of disparities across socio-demographic groups.

scholarly journals Social determinants of telemedicine utilization in ambulatory cardiovascular patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemar J Brown ◽  
Njambi Mathenge ◽  
Daniela Crousillat ◽  
Jaclyn Pagliaro ◽  
Connor Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Cardiovascular Care ◽  
Zip Code ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the rapid uptake of telemedicine (TM) for routine cardiovascular care. Objectives To examine the predictors of TM utilization among ambulatory cardiology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this single centre retrospective study, all ambulatory cardiovascular encounters occurring between March 16th - June 19th, 2020 were assessed. Baseline characteristics by visit type (in-person, TM-phone, TM-video) were compared using Chi-square and student t-tests, with statistical significance defined by p value &lt; 0.05. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the predictors of TM versus in-person care. Results 8446 patients (86% Non-Hispanic White, 42% female, median age 66.8 +/- 15.2 years) completed an ambulatory cardiovascular visit during the study period. TM-phone (n = 4,981, 61.5%) was the primary mode of ambulatory care followed by TM-video (n = 2693, 33.2%). Non-Hispanic Black race (OR 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35 - 0.94, p-value=0.02), Hispanic ethnicity (OR 0.53; 95% CI: 0.29 - 0.98, p = 0.04), public insurance (Medicaid OR 0.50; 95% CI:0.32 – 0.79, p = 0.003, Medicare OR 0.65; 95% CI: 0.47– 0.89, p = 0.009), zip-code linked median household income (MHI) of &lt;$75,000, age &gt;85 years, and patients with a diagnosis of heart failure were associated with reduced access to TM-video encounters and a higher likelihood of in-person care. Conclusions Significant disparities in TM-video access for ambulatory cardiovascular care exist among the elderly, lower income, as well as Black and Hispanic racial/ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Characteristics, Treatment, and Prognosis of Cracked Teeth: A Comparison with Data from 10 Years Ago

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Yeon Lee ◽  
Sung Eun Yang ◽  
Hye Min Kim ◽  
Min Joo Kye
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Probing Depth

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze and to compare retrospectively the characteristics, the treatment process, and the prognosis of cracked teeth by comparing recent data with data from 10 years ago. Materials and Methods Sixty-eight cracked teeth from March 2009 to June 2010 (2009 data) and 185 cracked teeth from March 2019 to June 2020 (2019 data) were analyzed. The characteristics of cracked teeth and the treatment method depending on probing depth, caries, and symptoms, and prognosis depending on pocket depth and apical lesions were analyzed using R version 3.3.3 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) and T&F version 3.0 (YooJin BioSoft, Korea). To compare proportions, the two-sample proportion test was performed. The distribution of proportions within the samples from 2009 and 2019 data was analyzed using the Chi-square test or binomial test. A p-value <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results Significantly fewer cracked teeth received root canal treatment before crown in 2019 than in 2009 (p = 0.032). In both 2009 and 2019, symptomatic cracked teeth and those with deep periodontal pockets (>6 mm) were significantly more likely to receive root canal treatment. In both years, cracked teeth with a probing depth less than 6 mm or without an apical lesion were significantly more likely to be asymptomatic at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups (p < 0.001). Conclusion Cracked teeth with a deep periodontal pocket or symptoms had a higher likelihood of endodontic treatment, and the presence of a deep periodontal pocket or apical lesion was associated with a higher risk of persistent symptoms. Therefore, clinicians should consider these factors when planning treatment and predicting patients’ prognosis.

Modeling Migration: Analyzing Migration Histories from a San Blas Cuna Community

1983 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Stier
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Community Control ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Markov Chain Models ◽  
Log Odds

This paper discusses the cultural context of migration in a community in eastern San Blas, Panama, describes recent changes in absence rates for male and female age groups, and develops a simple stochastic model for residential change during 1970-71 and 1975-76. Rates of absence have risen markedly among males: in 1968, about 10% of the male labor froce resided outside the community; in 1977, absentees accounted for over 40% of the male labor force. Rates of female absence have remained extremely low. The rate of out-migration for the community as a whole, however, has fluctuated between 4.3% and 4.7% between 1965 and 1976, while the rate of return migration has increased. On the average, the number of years spent in wage work away from the reservation was greater for average households than for wealthy ones. This difference may be linked to the relatively limited amounts of land for staple crops available to average households. Classical Markov chain models assume transition probabilities are uniform for a whole population, but recent studies have used multiple regression to estimate the effects of individual characteristics on transition probabilities. Observed frequencies are outside the range where ordinary least squares techniques are appropriate, so this paper uses minimum logit chi-square regression to estimate the effects of age, sex, education, and position within the household on the log-odds on remaining within the community or remaining outside it. The results agree with what we know of community control over women and over men working in the households of their fathers-in-law.

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