scholarly journals MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF ALBINO RATS’ SMALL INTESTINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr H. Hryn ◽  
Yuriy P. Kostylenko ◽  
Valentyna P. Bilash ◽  
Olena B. Ryabushko
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Intestinal Villi

Introduction: The small intestine of albino rats is a transitive canal between the stomach and the cecum that is closely located from each other, reaches a length of one meter, which in comparison ratio to body weight significantly exceeds the corresponding segment in humans. The aim: The paper is aimed at thorough histological study of the wall and structure of albino rats’ small intestine mucosa. Materials and methods: 30 mature albino male rats were involved into the study. The specimens of albino rats’ small intestine, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution, have been studied. The study was carried out using conventional histological methods for obtaining serial paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Epoxy plastination of individual tissue samples of the small intestine was performed. Subsequently, polished thin sections were made, stained with 1% methylene blue and 1% borax solution. The obtained specimens were studied on the “Konus” light microscope equipped with Sigeta DCM-900 9.0MP digital microphoto attachment with the Biorex 3 software adapted for studies of such type. Results and conclusions: For the first time in the practice of histological study of the epithelial covering of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, attention is drawn to the specific pattern of its organization on the intestinal villi. It has been found that epithelial covering consists of alternating cluster epithelial aggregations separated by fissured depressions. Since no mentioning about them has been found in the publication, these cluster aggregations of enterocytes can be called epithelial buds of the intestinal villi. Consequently, it can be concluded that with the exception of some specific morphological features, the small intestine of albino rats is homologous to human one by its histological structure, which means that it can be used as a model for various experimental studies.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Ruta Chalepensis L. (Rutacae) Oil Extract Against Potassium Bromate Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats: Histopathological Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Ibrahim S. Eldurssi ◽  
Ebtesam MM ◽  
Gasem MA Gheth ◽  
Abdullah AH Abdalla ◽  
Mabroka A Algassi
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Bromate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Protective Group ◽  
Therapeutic Group ◽  
Ruta Chalepensis ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) is a perennial herb, widely distributed in the Mediterranean area, with glabrous stem, alternate bipinnatisect leaves. It is an ancient medicinal plant still being used in the traditional medicine of many countries. Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is a strong oxidizing agent that has been used in flour milling, as a cheese making, in beer malting, as a component of cold hair-wave liquids. This study studies the protective and curative effects of R. chalepensis oil extract against KBrO3 toxicity on kidney of male rats. Accordingly, a total number of fifty male albino rats were divided into five groups. The first group served as a control animals. The second group was administered Rue at an oral daily dose of 0.5 g/Animal for four weeks. The third group received KBrO3 100 mg/kg/b. w. for four weeks. The fourth group (protective group) was initially administered with Rue alone for 2 weeks and followed by KBrO3 in association with Rue for 2 weeks. The fifth group (therapeutic group) was first given KBrO3 alone for 2 weeks and was secondly administered Rue in association with KBrO3 for 2 weeks. At the end of 2nd  and 4th  weeks of treatment, the kidney tissues were collected for histopathological studies. Histopathological studies revealed that the renal reactions of rats from the Rue group showed normal architecture pattern same that observations as in the control rats. The rats treated with KBrO3 showed vacuolation and contraction of glomerular tuft, separation in intertubular connective tissue, necrotic changes in some areas and hyaline changes in tubules. Furthermore, lymphoid infiltration and intratubular hemorrhage, dilated in tubules with loss of cellular boundary. In the protective group minimal changes in the structure of the kidney was revealed compared to control. Both glomeruli and convoluted tubules gained the normal features. In therapeutic group, renal sections revealed improvement in the histological structure though there was a mild necrosis and slight in inflammatory leucocytic infiltration. The results of this study suggest the nephrotoxic effect of KBrO3 and the ameliorative effect of Rue when administrated for protective and therapeutic purposes.  

scholarly journals A low direct electrical signal attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in septic rats

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257177
Author(s):  
Savas Ustunova ◽  
Ebru Haciosmanoglu ◽  
Huri Bulut ◽  
Birsen Elibol ◽  
Aysu Kilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Electrical stimulation is proposed to exert an antimicrobial effect according to studies performed using bacterial and cell cultures. Therefore, we investigated the effects of electrification on inflammation in septic rats. Twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups: healthy control (C), electrified healthy (E), sepsis (S), and electrified sepsis (SE) groups. Staphylococcus aureus (1 x 109 colonies) in 1 ml of medium was intraperitoneally injected into rats to produce a sepsis model. The rats in the E and SE groups were exposed to a low direct electrical signal (300 Hz and 2.5 volts) for 40 min and 1 and 6 h after bacterial infection. Immediately after the second electrical signal application, blood and tissue samples of the heart, lung, and liver were collected. An antibacterial effect of a low direct electrical signal was observed in the blood of rats. The effects of electrical signals on ameliorating changes in the histological structure of tissues, blood pH, gases, viscosity and cell count, activities of some important enzymes, oxidative stress parameters, inflammation and tissue apoptosis were observed in the SE group compared to the S group. Low direct electrical signal application exerts antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects on septic rats due to the induction of electrolysis in body fluids without producing any tissue damage.

scholarly journals Ethanolic Extract of Syzygium cumini Causes Toxic Effects on Ethanol-induced Liver and Kidney Damage in Albino Wistar Rats: A Biochemical and Histological Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Abba Aji Manu ◽  
◽  
Bello Muhammad Musa ◽  
Martha Orendu Oche Attah ◽  
Helga Ishaya Bedan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: The therapeutic value of Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) has been documented in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases and ailments. Various preparations of this plant have been made and used especially for liver inflammatory conditions in livestock. Further, many liver diseases in humans are inflammatory conditions, which are caused by alcohol intake. This study sought to examine the effect of S. cumini on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Methods: Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. The first group was control and the other four were administered ethanol at varying doses to induce liver and kidney damages. Two doses of the S. cumini extract were administered at a concentration of 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg. Silymarin was administered to the last group at 10 mg/kg. The liver and kidney tissue samples were collected and preserved for histological analyses and the rat sera were analyzed for the associated biochemical biomarkers. Results: Histopathological analyses revealed pyknotic nuclei and distortion in the arrangement of the hepatocytes in extract-treated groups. The kidney tissue samples showed signs of interstitial bleeding and aggregation of lymphocytes in the peri-glomerular areas. The analyses of the biochemical parameters revealed that there were significant increases in the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), Urea and creatinine in the sera of the groups treated with the extract compared to those of the controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: The S. cumini extract caused elevation of serum hepatic and renal biomarkers at 400 mg/kg and did not have a hepatoprotective effect.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF IMUNOPHAN ON MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS AND HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF PEYER'S PATCHES IN SMALL INTESTINE OF RATS UNDER IMMUNOSUPPRESSION INDUCED BY CYCLOPHOSPHAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
E.N. Morozova ◽  
V.N. Morozov ◽  
A.V. Tverskaya
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Intact Rats

The aim of the study is to analyze morphometric parameters and histological structure of Peyer's patches in the small intestine of rats after imunofan administration under immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphan. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out on 36 white male rats (210–250 gramms). The animals were divided into two groups. Rats of Group 1 were injected with cyclophosphamide on the 1st day of the experiment (200 mg/kg). On the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th days they received imunofan (0.7 μg/kg). Group 2 consisted of intact rats. The animals were withdrawn from the experiment on the 7th, 30th, and 90th days after imunofan administration. The authors measured the length and width of Peyer's patches, and the distance from the ileocecal angle to the first patch. We also examined the height and width of lymph nodes and internodal zones on histological sections. Results. On the 7th and 30th days of our study the length and width of Peyer's patches increased by 18.71 %/16.94 % and 3.56 %/24.22 % respectively in mature animals, compared with the intact rats. At the same time, the distance from the ileocecal angle to the 1st Peyer’s patch decreased by 6.15 % and 19.80 %. The micrography showed that the height and width of the lymph nodes of Peyer's patches in experimental animals increased by 29.79 %/12.73 % (Day 7) and 10.49 %/12.46 % (Day 30) in comparison with the intact rats. The linear sizes of internodal zones increased by 39.35 %/10.33 % (Day 7) and 4.77 %/4.25 % (Day 30). By the 90th day, the macroscopic parameters of Peyer's patches, the height and width of their lymph nodules and internodal zones approxomated those of intact animals. Conclusion. When using imunofan under experimental immunosuppression, macro- and micromorphometric parameters of Peyer's patches of the small intestine of mature rats gradually approximated those in intact rats, which indicated the leveling of cyclophosphan immunosuppressive effect. Key words: rats, small intestine, Peyer's patches, imunofan, cyclophosphan. Цель исследования – изучение морфометрических параметров и гистологического строения пейеровых бляшек тонкой кишки крыс после введения имунофана на фоне иммуносупрессии, вызванной циклофосфаном. Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось на 36 белых крысах-самцах массой 210–250 г. Животные были разделены на две группы. В I группе крысам в 1-е сут эксперимента вводился циклофосфан в дозе 200 мг/кг, на 2, 4, 6, 8, 10-е сут – имунофан в дозе 0,7 мкг/кг массы тела; II группу составили интактные крысы. Животные выводились из эксперимента на 7, 30, 90-е сут после завершения введения имунофана. Измерялись длина и ширина пейеровых бляшек, а также расстояние от илеоцекального угла до первой из них, а на гистологических срезах – высота и ширина их лимфатических узелков и межузелковых зон. Результаты. У половозрелых животных на 7-е и 30-е сут наблюдения длина и ширина пейеровых бляшек увеличивалась на 18,71 и 16,94 % и 3,56 и 24,22 % соответственно по сравнению с данными интактных крыс, а расстояние от илеоцекального угла до первой из них уменьшалось на 6,15 и 19,80 %. При микроскопическом исследовании высота и ширина лимфатических узелков пейеровых бляшек были больше по сравнению с данными интактных крыс на 29,79 и 12,73 % (7-е сут), 10,49 и 12,46 % (30-е сут), а линейные размеры межузелковых зон – на 39,35 и 10,33 % (7-е сут), 4,77 и 4,25 % (30-е сут). К 90-м сут макроскопические параметры пейеровых бляшек, а также высота и ширина их лимфатических узелков и межузелковых зон приближались к данным интактных животных. Выводы. При использовании имунофана на фоне экспериментальной иммуносупрессии значения исследуемых макро- и микроморфометрических параметров пейеровых бляшек тонкой кишки половозрелых крыс в ходе эксперимента постепенно приближались к аналогичным показателям интактных крыс, что свидетельствует о нивелировании иммуносупрессивного эффекта циклофосфана. Ключевые слова: крысы, тонкая кишка, пейеровы бляшки, имунофан, циклофосфан.

scholarly journals Effect of a bradykinin potentiating factor separated from honey bee venom on thyroid gland and testis in hypothyroid white rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsabry Abu Amra ◽  
Sohir Ali Abd El Rehim ◽  
Fakhr Mostafa Lashein ◽  
Heba Seleem Shoaeb
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract Background Animal venoms have been known as a source of drugs beneficial to human health. Accordingly, this study was designed to determine the effect of bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF) separated from honey bee venom, Apis mellifera on histological structure, thyroid and male sex hormones of the thyroid gland and testis in a model of hypothyroid male white rats induced by carbimazole. Results This study includes male rats divided into 6 main and sub-groups (10 rats in each group). Control group, carbimazole group, levothyroxine group, BPF group, carbimazole group treated with levothyroxine and carbimazole group treated with BPF. At the end of experiments (60 days) rats were sacrificed and dissected; the blood was collected for determination of thyroid and male sex hormones. Also, the thyroid gland and testis were taken to histological study. The results indicated that, carbimazole group showed a highly significant decrease in thyroid hormones (T4, T3, Ft4 and Ft3) and male sex hormones (LH, FSH and testosterone), but a significant increase in TSH compared to control group. The results revealed that, treated groups with levothyroxine or BPF have significant increase in thyroid and male sex hormones and significant decreasein TSH. A significant improvement was detected in co-treated groups (hypothyroid groups) with levothyroxine or (BPF). Also, the present study showed a histopathological change in thyroid gland and testis of hypothyroid male rats. Conclusion Treated hypothyroid rats with levothyroxine as a drug and BPF as a natural product showed an improvement of these complications induced by carbimazole in thyroid gland and testis. Therefore, BPF may be benefical in treatment of hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals GENERAL ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL INTESTINE IN WHITE RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. H. Hryn
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
White Male ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Introduction. The structure of the small intestine in humans and white rats are quite similar. The study of its specific features in white rats is important to supplement and update modern morphological science with data on the course and modelling of certain pathological conditions. Purpose. A detailed study of the anatomical features of the small intestine in white rats is a prerequisite for planning and conducting certain experimental studies. Material and methods. The study was performed on 80 white male rats. The material for the study included removed stomachs with the distal segment of oesophagus, the small and large intestine. Following the removal the organs were fixed with 10% neutral formalin, outer and inner (mucosal) surfaces then were photographed. In other cases, the gastrointestinal tract of animals was filled through the oesophagus with air, physiological saline, and autopolymer plastic (Latacryl-S), and then exposed to acid corrosion, obtaining three-dimensional casts of internal cavities of the stomach, small and large intestine. Results. Having studying the anatomical features of the small intestine of white rats we can distinguish two parts: the initial extra mesenteric part, which can be called the duodenum only by analogy with a similar human section, and its other mesenteric part, in the looped segment of which the border between which the ileal and jejunum division was not found. This segment seems to be designed mainly for the transitive movement of food into the cecum, where their final processing and the formation of faecal masses occur. On the outer surface of the mesenteric small intestine, there are clearly visible groups of lymphoid nodules, known as Peyer's patches.

scholarly journals Honey Can Increase The Length of The Small Intestinal Villi in Malnourished Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Linda Listyorini ◽  
Imam Mustofa ◽  
Tatik Hernawati ◽  
Rimayanti Rimayanti ◽  
Tri Wahyu Suprayogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Duncan Multiple Range Test ◽  
Intestinal Villi ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Range Test

The aim of this study was to determine the potential of honey to the length of small intestine villi of albino rats due to nutritional deficiencies. The experimental animals were used 24 male albino rats with a body weight of 250-300 grams, divided into four groups and each group contained six replication. Negative control (K-) was a group of rat without fasting and without honey. Positive control (K +) was a group of rat with fasting conditions for 5 days and without honey. The treatment group was the rat with fasting conditions for 5 days and given honey therapy at a dose of 30% (P1) and 50% (P2). Data analysis used ANOVA (Analysis of Variants) then continued with the Duncan Multiple Range test with a significance level of 5% it can be seen that the length of small intestine villi was obtained at (K-) which is 531,321 ± 0,64 which is not significantly different (p>0,05) from (P2), which is 519,919 ± 0,49, but is significantly different (p<0,05) with other treatments (K+) 360,564 ± 0,87 and (P1) 434,275 ± 0,40. The conclusion of this study is that giving honey has the potential to increase the length of the intestinal villi of albino rats due nutritional deficiencies.

scholarly journals Sodium Valproate-Induced Hepatic Dysfunction in Albino Rats and Protective Role of n-Butanol Extract of Centaurea sphaerocephala L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Maya Lahneche ◽  
Ratiba Boucheham ◽  
Nassima Boubekri ◽  
Sabah Bensaci ◽  
Sabrina Bicha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Butanol Extract

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of n-butanol extract of Centaurea sphaerocephala (C.sphaerocephala) and Vitamin E against sodium valproate-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in male rats. Male rats were divided into eight equal groups treated with plant extract (50mg/kg, 100mg /kg), Vit. E (100mg/kg) and VPA (300mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, animal were scarified and samples (blood and liver’s tissue) were removed isolated for biochemical and histological study. VPA-treated rats showed hepatic injury characterized by a significant increase in biochemical parameters (serum transaminase, cholesterol and triglycerides). Also, VPA induced oxidative stress exhibited a significant increase in MDA level and significant decrease in GSH levels, CAT and GPx activities. These effects were accompanied by histopathological changes in liver. While the pretreatment by n-butanol extract of C. sphaerocephala reversed the alteration induced by VPA and reduced its toxic effects. The results showed a significant decrease in serum markers and liver’s lipid peroxidation whereas GSH level and the activities of GPx, CAT enzymes were significantly increased. Histopathological observations correlated with the biochemical parameters. VPA-induced hepatotoxicity involved free radical production, the antioxidant and free radical scavenging property of Centaurea sphaerocephala would have provided the protection against hepatic damage.

Activity of intestinal mucosal membrane carbohydrases in cattle of different breeds

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
D. R. C. Bailey ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
S. D. Morgan Jones ◽  
H. Douwes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Lactase Activity ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Intestinal Villi ◽  
Mucosal Membrane ◽  
Mucosal Protein

A study was conducted to determine differences in length of intestinal villi and crypts and activity of mucosal carbohydrases of several breeds of beef cattle. Tissue samples, from three locations in the small intestine, were obtained from heifers and steers of Wagyu (W) × Angus (W × A), W × Hereford (W × H) and W × Holstein (W × O) crossbred cattle and from Holstein, Parthenais and Piedmontese steers at slaughter. In W × A cattle villi were shorter and crypts were longer (P < 0.05) than in cattle of other breeds. Mucosal protein concentration was highest (P < 0.05) in the mid- and distal intestinal regions in the W × A cattle. Maltase activity was highest (P < 0.05) for W × H heifers and least (P < 0.05) for W × A heifers in the proximal intestinal region. Holstein and Piedmontese steers had the highest ADG, and Holstein steers had the highest lactase activity in the mid-intestinal region. Lactase activity in the mid-intestinal region appeared to be weakly associated with ADG of cattle (r = 0.454, P = 0.015, n = 28). These data suggest that differences due to breed of cattle exist in villus and crypt lengths and mucosal carbohydrase activity; however, the influence of these intestinal parameters on cattle performance may be relatively small. Key words: Intestinal villi, crypt, cellobioase, maltase, lactase, beef cattle

scholarly journals FEATURES OF ANGIOARCHITECTURE OF THE ALBINO RATS STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
Volodymyr H. Hryn ◽  
Yuriy P. Kostylenko ◽  
Valentyna P. Bilash ◽  
Yana A. Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Secretory Process ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Blood Microvessels

Introduction: The stomach and small intestine are important organs of the digestive system and, to date, they are the subject of research by morphologists, endocrinologists, immunologists, gastroenterologists, and other researchers. The aim: The paper is aimed at the study and systematization of the features of angioarchitecture of the albino rats stomach and small intestine. Materials and methods: The study based on the injection of the blood vasculature of abdominal organs of 20 albino male rats with 5% gelatin solution, colored with filtered black ink, was performed. The specimens were subject to photographing from different aspect angles in their original state, and then, after dehydration in alcohols with the transition to pure acetone, they were embedded in the epoxy. Photographing of the obtained specimens was made by a digital camera, as well as a binocular magnifier MBS-9, equipped with a digital photoattachment Sigeta DCM-900 9.0MP. Results and conclusions: The results of injecting of blood vasculature of albino rats’ gastrointestinal tract with ink mass clearly demonstrate the specific difference in the intraorganic angioarchitecture of its different regions, which depends entirely on their functional purpose in the digestive process. In the stomach, the highest concentration of blood microvessels is in its glandular part, which is explained by the increased nutrient needs of the secretory process of the gastric glands, while the mucous membrane of its fundus (pre-stomach) contains a scattered network of exchange microvessels that only promote the process of regeneration of the stratified squamous (partially keratinized) covering epithelium. In the small intestine, the typical principle of the organization of the microvasculature of its mucous membrane is somewhat modified in the duodenum, which is associated with the presence of mucous (Brunner’s) glands in it, as well as in those sites (starting from the duodenum) where the group lymph nodes (Peyer’s patches) are localized.

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