scholarly journals Protective Effects of Ruta Chalepensis L. (Rutacae) Oil Extract Against Potassium Bromate Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats: Histopathological Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Ibrahim S. Eldurssi ◽  
Ebtesam MM ◽  
Gasem MA Gheth ◽  
Abdullah AH Abdalla ◽  
Mabroka A Algassi
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Bromate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Protective Group ◽  
Therapeutic Group ◽  
Ruta Chalepensis ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) is a perennial herb, widely distributed in the Mediterranean area, with glabrous stem, alternate bipinnatisect leaves. It is an ancient medicinal plant still being used in the traditional medicine of many countries. Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is a strong oxidizing agent that has been used in flour milling, as a cheese making, in beer malting, as a component of cold hair-wave liquids. This study studies the protective and curative effects of R. chalepensis oil extract against KBrO3 toxicity on kidney of male rats. Accordingly, a total number of fifty male albino rats were divided into five groups. The first group served as a control animals. The second group was administered Rue at an oral daily dose of 0.5 g/Animal for four weeks. The third group received KBrO3 100 mg/kg/b. w. for four weeks. The fourth group (protective group) was initially administered with Rue alone for 2 weeks and followed by KBrO3 in association with Rue for 2 weeks. The fifth group (therapeutic group) was first given KBrO3 alone for 2 weeks and was secondly administered Rue in association with KBrO3 for 2 weeks. At the end of 2nd  and 4th  weeks of treatment, the kidney tissues were collected for histopathological studies. Histopathological studies revealed that the renal reactions of rats from the Rue group showed normal architecture pattern same that observations as in the control rats. The rats treated with KBrO3 showed vacuolation and contraction of glomerular tuft, separation in intertubular connective tissue, necrotic changes in some areas and hyaline changes in tubules. Furthermore, lymphoid infiltration and intratubular hemorrhage, dilated in tubules with loss of cellular boundary. In the protective group minimal changes in the structure of the kidney was revealed compared to control. Both glomeruli and convoluted tubules gained the normal features. In therapeutic group, renal sections revealed improvement in the histological structure though there was a mild necrosis and slight in inflammatory leucocytic infiltration. The results of this study suggest the nephrotoxic effect of KBrO3 and the ameliorative effect of Rue when administrated for protective and therapeutic purposes.  

scholarly journals Histopathological Effects of Potassium Bromate on Liver Male Rat's and Possible Protective Role of Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutacae) Oil Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebtesam M. M. Gheth ◽  
Ibrahim S Eldurssi ◽  
Abdullah A. H. Algassi ◽  
Gasem M. A. Abdalla ◽  
Mabroka A. S. Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Potassium Bromate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Ruta Chalepensis ◽  
Oil Extract

Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is an oxidizing agent that has been used as a food additive, mainly in the bread-making process. Ruta chalepensis L. (Family-Rutaceae) is a small shrub, native to the Mediterranean Basin. The present study aimed to investigate the protective and curative effects of R. chalepensis oil extract against KBrO3 toxicity on liver of male rats. Fifty male albino rats were divided into five groups. The first group served as a control group. The second group was administered Rue at an oral daily dose of 0.5 g/Animal for four weeks. The third group received KBrO3 100 mg/kg/b. w. for four weeks. The fourth group (protective group) was initially administered Rue alone for 2 weeks and followed by KBrO3 in association with Rue for 2 weeks. The fifth group (therapeutic group) was first given KBrO3 alone for 2 weeks and was then administered Rue in association with KBrO3 for 2 weeks. At the end of 2nd and 4th weeks of treatment, the liver tissues were dissected out for histopathological studies. Histopathological sections of rats administered with Rue showed the same histological observations as in the liver of control animals. KBrO3 treated rats exhibited marked congestion and dilatation of the blood vessels, the central veins and the portal veins. Additionally, marked infiltrative inflammatory cells were revealed. The occurrence of the cellular necrobiotic lesions and nuclei in these necrotic cells showed pyknosis. They also, showed cellular atrophied and hyaline degeneration of the cytoplasm. Vacuoles of different shapes and sizes were developed in the hepatocytes. Blood vessels being thick walled and fibrotic encircled by an inflammatory area rich in leucocytes. The protective and therapeutic groups showed marked hepatoprotective activity and better improvement than that noticed in the group which was given KBrO3 only. It may be concluded from the results that the hepatotoxic effect of KBrO3 and the ameliorative effect of Rue an effective when administrated as protective and therapeutic measures. Keywords: Rat, Liver, Potassium Bromate, Ruta chalepensis, Histopathology.

scholarly journals MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF ALBINO RATS’ SMALL INTESTINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr H. Hryn ◽  
Yuriy P. Kostylenko ◽  
Valentyna P. Bilash ◽  
Olena B. Ryabushko
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Intestinal Villi

Introduction: The small intestine of albino rats is a transitive canal between the stomach and the cecum that is closely located from each other, reaches a length of one meter, which in comparison ratio to body weight significantly exceeds the corresponding segment in humans. The aim: The paper is aimed at thorough histological study of the wall and structure of albino rats’ small intestine mucosa. Materials and methods: 30 mature albino male rats were involved into the study. The specimens of albino rats’ small intestine, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution, have been studied. The study was carried out using conventional histological methods for obtaining serial paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Epoxy plastination of individual tissue samples of the small intestine was performed. Subsequently, polished thin sections were made, stained with 1% methylene blue and 1% borax solution. The obtained specimens were studied on the “Konus” light microscope equipped with Sigeta DCM-900 9.0MP digital microphoto attachment with the Biorex 3 software adapted for studies of such type. Results and conclusions: For the first time in the practice of histological study of the epithelial covering of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, attention is drawn to the specific pattern of its organization on the intestinal villi. It has been found that epithelial covering consists of alternating cluster epithelial aggregations separated by fissured depressions. Since no mentioning about them has been found in the publication, these cluster aggregations of enterocytes can be called epithelial buds of the intestinal villi. Consequently, it can be concluded that with the exception of some specific morphological features, the small intestine of albino rats is homologous to human one by its histological structure, which means that it can be used as a model for various experimental studies.

scholarly journals Thiamethoxam Actara® induced alterations in kidney liver cerebellum and hippocampus of male rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassina Khaldoun-Oularbi ◽  
Noura Bouzid ◽  
Soumia Boukreta ◽  
Chahrazed Makhlouf ◽  
Fariza Derriche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Dose Dependent

Thiamethoxam (TMX), a second-generation neonicotinoid insecticide, is one of the most widely used insecticides in Algeria. The present study assessed the effects of repeated subchronic exposure to the commercial formulation of thiamethoxam (Actara®, 25% WG) in albino male rats. The toxic effects of thiamethoxam (TMX) were studied biochemically and histopathologically. Twenty-eight male albino rats weighing between 226 and 243 g were randomly assigned to four groups. One group served as control, and the other three were served as experimental groups administered a neonicotinoid thiamethoxam (TMX; 26, 39 and 78 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. The effects of the insecticide on various biochemical parameters were evaluated at 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Histopathological studies were carried out in the liver, kidney, cerebellum and hippocampus at the end of the experiment. Changes in biochemical parameters glucose, ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), γGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase) ALP (alkaline phosphatase) urea and creatinine were observed in treated-groups in a dose dependent manner when compared to the control. Histopathological alterations were more intense in male rats from the TMX high dose group than those from group 2 and 3. Based on these results, subchronic oral administration of thiamethoxam altered the biochemical parameters, which correlated with histopathological changes in the liver kidney and brain.

scholarly journals Anti-mutagenic Action of Ruta chalepensis against Rat Sperm Cell Abnormalities-induced by Potassium Bromate

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Nagat S. Elhaddad ◽  
Eman M. Efkerine ◽  
Hoda A. Khatab ◽  
Ibrahim S. Eldurssi ◽  
Eman M. Belkasem
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Potassium Bromate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mutagenic Action ◽  
Protective Group ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Ruta Chalepensis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oral Doses

Aims: The aim of current study was to investigate the genotoxic damage of potassium bromate on sperm cell morphology and the potential defense role of Ruta chalepensis (Rue) against the potassium bromate effects. Study Design: Fifty rats (Strain: Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into five groups (10 rats/group) as follows: (Control group) received distilled water daily for 4 weeks, (KBrO3 group) treated with KBrO3 (100 mg/kg/b.w) for 4 weeks, (Rue group) received Rue orally in a daily dose (0.5 g/animal) for 4 weeks, (treatment group) were first provided with oral doses of KBrO3 daily for 2 weeks and then treated orally with KBrO3 in association with Rue for an additional 2 weeks Finally (protective group) was administered with Rue orally for 2 weeks and then administered oral doses of Rue in association with KBrO3 for an additional 2 weeks. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Zoology and Department of Botany, University of Omar Almukhtar, between July 2018 and September 2019. Methodology: Sperm suspensions, filtered and smears were made according to the standard protocol for sperm morphology assay. The smears were fixed, allow to dry and stained with hematoxylin and then washed under slow running water until the excess stain is removed and were putted in eosin dye. Results: The results were showed that potassium bromate has the ability to cause mutations in the morphology of sperm cells. The highest mutation rates of head, tail and neck reached 16.60, 5.200 and 3.200 respectively in animals. Several types of sperm abnormalities such as hock free, banana type, amorphous, hummer shape after the administration of potassium bromate comparing with the negative control animals that treated only with potassium bromate. On the other hand, the oil extract of Ruta chalepensis significantly inhibited the mutations by declining the abnormality rates of head, tail and neck to 2.600, 1.600 and 0.400 in protective group. Thus, potassium bromate has to be considered as a conceivable line regarding human health. Conclusion: Potassium bromate clearly caused a wide range of sperm cell abnormalities and Rue oil extracts have a good anti-mutagenic effects against potassium bromate by decreasing the sperm cell abnormalities.

REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY OF CHLORPYRIFOS, CYPERMETHRIN AND THEIR INTERACTION IN MALE ALBINO RATS

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Asmaa ELnamaky ◽  
Amal Halawa ◽  
Mamdouh Abouelmaged
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Sperm Abnormalities ◽  
Pituitary Glands

he present work was designed to investigate the reproductive toxicity induced by oral administration of chlorpyrifos (CPF), cypermethrin (CYP) and their combination in adult male albino rats. Forty mature male albino rats were separated into four groups (10 each), the first group was used as control, while second, third and fourth groups received orally 1/20 LD50 of CPF (10 mg/kg b.wt), 1/20 LD50 of CYP (17.22 mg/kg b.wt) and 1/40 LD50 of CPF plus 1/40 LD50 of CYP (5 mg/kg b.wt CPF plus 8.61 mg/kg b.wt CYP) respectively for 26 days. The results revealed that exposure to CPF and/or CYP induced a significant decrease in the reproductive organs weight. Moreover, a significant decrease in spermatic picture (sperm cell concentration and viability) was observed with high percent of sperm abnormalities. Serum levels of testosterone and pituitary gonadotropins (FSH and LH) have been declined significantly in all treated groups. Significant elevations were observed in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentrations, while antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase activities were decreased significantly as a result of induced oxidative stress. A significant drop in prostatic acid phosphatase activity was observed. Additionally, the results showed some histopathological alterations in the reproductive organs as well as neurological lesions in brain and pituitary glands. In conclusion, CPF and CYP induce deleterious effects on reproductive efficiency of male rats which reflect more obvious impacts when both combined

scholarly journals Anti-MRSA Constituents from Ruta chalepensis (Rutaceae) Grown in Iraq, and In Silico Studies on Two of Most Active Compounds, Chalepensin and 6-Hydroxy-rutin 3′,7-Dimethyl ether

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaymaa Al-Majmaie ◽  
Lutfun Nahar ◽  
M. Mukhlesur Rahman ◽  
Sushmita Nath ◽  
Priyanka Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Cinnamic Acid Derivative ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Ruta Chalepensis ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae), a perennial herb with wild and cultivated habitats, is well known for its traditional uses as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic agent, and in the treatment of rheumatism, nerve diseases, neuralgia, dropsy, convulsions and mental disorders. The antimicrobial activities of the crude extracts from the fruits, leaves, stem and roots of R. chalepensis were initially evaluated against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacterial strains and a strain of the fungus Candida albicans. Phytochemical investigation afforded 19 compounds, including alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoid glycosides, a cinnamic acid derivative and a long-chain alkane. These compounds were tested against a panel of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, i.e., ATCC 25923, SA-1199B, XU212, MRSA-274819 and EMRSA-15. The MIC values of the active compounds, chalepin (9), chalepensin (10), rutamarin (11), rutin 3′-methyl ether (14), rutin 7,4′-dimethyl ether (15), 6-hydroxy-rutin 3′,7-dimethyl ether (16) and arborinine (18) were in the range of 32–128 µg/mL against the tested MRSA strains. Compounds 10 and 16 were the most active compounds from R. chalepensis, and were active against four out of six tested MRSA strains, and in silico studies were performed on these compounds. The anti-MRSA activity of compound 16 was comparable to that of the positive control norfloxacin (MICs 32 vs 16 μg/mL, respectively) against the MRSA strain XU212, which is a Kuwaiti hospital isolate that possesses the TetK tetracycline efflux pump. This is the first report on the anti-MRSA property of compounds isolated from R. chalepensis and relevant in silico studies on the most active compounds.

A Study on the Effect of Samoa Extract (Cleome droserifolia) on Sperm Quality in Male Albino Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nura I. Al-Zail ◽  
Salah F. Kamies
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Changes

Pyrethroid cyhalothrin (PC) is an insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. Samoa extract (SE) is a potent antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. The present study investigates the protective and therapeutic effect of SE on PC-induced changes in sperm quality in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I: served as control; group II: received PC i.p. only (6.2 mg/kg b.wt.); group III: received SE only (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) for eight weeks; group IV: received SE as a protective agent daily for eight weeks, then followed by the administration of PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks; group V: exposed to PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then treated with the SE daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that PC caused markedly impaired sperm quality (a count, viability, motility, and abnormality). Compared to PC-treated animals, SE in the protective group markedly restored the alteration of sperm indices. However, SE in the curative group was found to be less effective in restoring PC-induced alterations. In conclusion, the data of this study revealed that the SE as a protective agent is more effective than as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Samoa; Pyrethroid; Sperm quality; Rat

scholarly journals Effect of Tramadol on Sperm Profile of Male Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
I. S. Esua ◽  
U. U. Uno ◽  
U. B. Ekaluo
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Aim: Tramadol is a potent analgesic effective in the treatment of mild to severe pains. However, the use of the drug can pose a threat to other organs and systems. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of graded doses of tramadol on sperm profile of male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Eighteen male rats were divided into three groups (A, B and C) using completely randomized design (CRD) with six rats in each group. Rats in group A served as the control group and were given just food and water while groups B and C were given tramadol at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) respectively, daily for the period of 65 days. The treatment was administered via oral gavage and at the end of the treatments, the rats were sacrificed. Immediately after sacrifice, a puncture was made in the epididymis with a sterile pin and examined for semen pH. The epididymes were processed for epididymal sperm motility, viability, count and sperm head abnormality. Results: There was no significant difference in the weight of testes and semen pH. Sperm viability, sperm motility, sperm count and weight of epididymes significantly reduced (p<0.05) in tramadol treated animals when compared with the control. Results also indicated statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in sperm head abnormalities in rats treated with tramadol when compared with the control. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study reveal that tramadol has negative effects on weight of epididymes, sperm count, sperm viability, sperm motility and sperm head abnormalities in male albino rat as mammalian models in a dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals Effect of Testosterone on Lead Acetate Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Nazar Mohammed Shareef Mahmood ◽  
Sarkawt Hamad Ameen Hamad ◽  
Dlshad Hussein Hassan ◽  
Karwan Ismael Othman
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Adverse Influence

The toxicity of lead acetate (L. A.) concerned to public health disruptor due to its persistence in the environment and it has the adverse influence on the human and animal health as well. It causes physiological,biochemical, and neurological dysfunctions in humans. Histologically it has a negative effect on the liver which is considered one of the major target organs where acts as detoxification machine by elimination the toxic substance from the blood in rich with it.  As well as it affects kidneys that are the two of the most filtering organs. Therefore the present study was aimed to investigate the histopathological effect of L.A. on liver and kidney tissues in male rats. Twenty male rats involved in the study were equally and randomly divided into two groups each of them involved 10 animals. Group I (castrated rats) and Group II (control) each group received 80mg/L of lead acetate dissolved in one liter distilled water by drinking for 15 days. Histological sections showed some alterations including abnormal architecture, cell degeneration, nuclear degeneration, hyperchromatic hepatocytes, immune cells, degeneration in tubules, dilation in sinusoids, dilation in central vein of liver increased bowman's space glomerular atrophy degeneration of tubular cells in liver and kidney tissues of rats in castrated rats from control group. But the size of degenerated tissue was more severe in castrated male rats. It was concluded that the castration process could produce a hypogonadism and decreased testosterone which owns many receptors in kidney and liver may produce adverse influence with L.A. administration.

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