scholarly journals OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES ON CONSERVATION OF AMBATARA PROTECTED AREA, SEDE MUJA DISTRICT, ETHIOPIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Haile Zerfu Munaw
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Country Level

Protected areas (PAs) are designated areas that are protected because of their environmental, cultural, or other worth. It plays a vital role in biodiversity conservation. Ethiopia has more many PAs, which cover 17.1% of the nation, protected to gain benefits for livelihoods at the local, regional and country level but the value obtained from the protected areas is very low. An effective conservation of management practice for protected areas is one of the selected approach to make the harmony relationship between PAs and the local community in a given ecosystem. However, its practical implementation in protected areas through community method is the major challenge in Ethiopia. This study described the main opportunities and challenges of Ambatara protected Area (APA), Sede Muja District, Ethiopia. Data were collected and organized by the household survey, key informant interview, field observation and focused group discussion (FGD) methods using both primary and secondary data sources in the form of qualitative, quantitative, or both from July 2019 to September 2019. The results were explained the socioeconomic, opportunities and challenges. The establishment of community-based PA management in Ethiopia, proclamation and regulations of wildlife managements of Ethiopia, and natural recovery ability of the area were its potential opportunities whereas, local community -wildlife conflict, conflicting between the APA management & local community, inadequate coordination among stakeholders, and challenges & threats of APA were the main challenges of APA conservation. KEYWORDS: APA, opportunities and challenges, local community, PA

scholarly journals Impact of Bridge Construction for Improved Livelihood in Rural Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Susmita Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Freight Volume ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Key Informant Interview

Nepal has thousands of rivers flowing over its terrain. It needs many bridges for smooth transportation. In this background, this study highlights impact of road bridges like infrastructures on rural livelihood and importance of the local participation in such infrastructure development programme. The study area as the Zone of Influence of ChirdiKhola is ward no. 7 and 10 of Phalebas Municipality which has 1026 households and 4423 populations. Household survey, focus group discussion, key informant interview, observation techniques were used for collecting primary data whereas secondary data were generated from district profile and table review. This study reveals that the bridge has directly or indirectly played crucial role in increasing the freight volume, decreasing the freight cost, increase in number of peoples seeking health facilities through health centers. Local peoples participated to identify the need of bridge and cooperated during the construction of bridge for effective implementation. Motorable Bridge plays vital role in social upliftment and generating the new ideas of income generations. This study also put some light on how Motorable Bridges are constructed in local levels through different programmes, Departments of Nepal Government and the role of District Development Committees in Motorable Bridge projects.

scholarly journals Optimal Budget Allocations for Protected Area Acquisition To Store Carbon in a Local Community Under Economic Growth Uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-236
Author(s):  
Bijay P. Sharma ◽  
Seong-Hoon Cho ◽  
Chad M. Hellwinckel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Growth Scenario

We analyze optimal budget allocations to acquire protected areas for carbon storage while balancing risk and return from protection under economic growth uncertainty in a local community. Our study is the first to explore how risk of uncertain economic growth affects cost of protected area acquisition using real estate values at the parcel level, enabling us to estimate the site-specific opportunity cost of carbon storage. The Pareto optimal trade-off frontier between the expected carbon storage benefit and its variance provides a continuum of risk-return combinations. The pattern of the trade-off relationship implies that risk mitigation is less costly in terms of foregone expected benefit when risk is higher than when it is lower. Our results also find that the difference in cluster-specific budget allocations between the strong economic growth scenario and the weak economic growth scenario subsequently decreases between the point of expected benefit maximization and the point of variance minimization. Our findings of optimal hectares of land for protected area acquisition for carbon storage and corresponding benefits and costs serve as an empirically informed knowledge base to help a local community prioritize acquisition of potential protected areas for carbon storage under economic growth uncertainty.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges of Rehabilitating Degraded Land in the Case of Cheha Woreda, Gurage Zone, SNNP Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekilil Wolde
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Degraded Land

The research was conducted in chaha wereda gurage zone SNNP region of Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to assess opportunity and challenges of degraded land rehabilitation. From the total population of the study area 20% (73) respondents were selected in order to achieve the objective of the study at hand, for the study both primary and secondary data was generated. The primary data collection was started with a preliminary survey followed by a key informant interview, focus group discussion, and household survey with questionnaires. The secondary data were collected from books, unpublished thesis, project report, and workshops, open ended questionnaire and checklists for interview. The households were selected using stratified sampling technique (Cochran) sample size formula the process of analysis of the study was carried out using qualitative description and quantitative analysis. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the quantitative data were analyzed frequency and percentage when appropriate the qualitative data were discussed to substantiate the study. And the results were expressed in the form of tables and graphs. The findings of the study indicated that limited labor availability, high cost of maintenance. Lack of knowledge, soil conditions, high surfaces runoff, poor vegetation coverage, poor monitoring and evaluation, poor implementation and poor training on the technology use are major challenges.

scholarly journals Good governance and tourism development in protected areas: The case of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, central Vietnam

Koedoe ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hübner ◽  
Lý T. Phong ◽  
Trương S.H. Châu
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Central Vietnam

Protected areas are increasingly expected to serve as a natural income-producing resource via the exploitation of recreational and touristic activities. Whilst tourism is often considered a viable option for generating income which benefits the conservation of a protected area, there are many cases in which insufficient and opaque planning hinder sustainable development, thereby reducing local benefit sharing and, ultimately, nature conservation. This article delineated and examined factors in governance which may underlie tourism development in protected areas. Based on Graham, Amos and Plumptre’s five good governance principles, a specific analysis was made of the Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park in central Vietnam, which highlighted challenges in the practical implementation of governing principles arising for nature conservation, sustainable tourism development and complex stakeholder environments. Despite the limited opportunity of this study to examine the wider national and international context, the discussion facilitated an overview of the factors necessary to understand governance principles and tourism development. This article could serve as a basis for future research, especially with respect to comparative analyses of different management structures existing in Vietnam and in other contested centrally steered protected area spaces. Conservation implications: This research has shown that tourism and its development, despite a more market-oriented and decentralised policymaking, is a fragmented concept impacted by bureaucratic burden, lack of institutional capacities, top-down processes and little benefit-sharing. There is urgent need for stakeholders – public and private – to reconcile the means of protected areas for the ends (conservation) by clarifying responsibilities as well as structures and processes which determine decision-making.

scholarly journals Human-Asian wild elephant (Elephas maximus) conflicts and its socio-economic consequences in and around the protected areas of Central Terai, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
B. R. Yadav ◽  
C. Dutta ◽  
M. K. Chalise ◽  
C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Study Sites

The study was carried out in and around the two protected areas of Central Terai, Nepal with the primary aim of assessing the socio economic losses due to human-wild elephant conflicts. The field work was conducted during May 2010 to April 2011 through field observation, household survey, focus group discussion and key informant interviews. Loss of 50 houses and 15 lives were noticed during the study period in the study sites whereas five wild elephants were killed during 2005–2010. An estimated amount of about NRs. 2,000,000 (US$ 25,165) was found as the economic loss due to crop raiding by elephants in Parsa District for the year 2009; whereas it was slightly less to a level of about NRs. 1,600,000 (US$ 20,289) in the year 2010. However, the economic loss due to crop damage by wild elephants raiding in the Buffer Zone (BZ) of the Chitwan National Park (CNP) was nearly half of the Parsa District. The per household economic loss from crop damages were estimated to be around NRs 5,000 (US$ 65.96) and NRS 6,135 (US$ 77.67) in Parsa District and the BZ of the CNP respectively. About 1000 hectares of forestland have been found to be occupied by about 650 families in and around the buffer zone of the CNP and Parsa Wildlife Reserve (PWR). Compensatory relief for victimized families are the immediate solution in reducing the conflict whereas cultivation of unpalatable crops in and around the elephant routes as well as practice of agro-forestry are some of the long term solution in the habitat of wild elephants.Banko Janakari, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 47-54

scholarly journals Research on the tourist traffic in protected areas in Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Milin Ioana Anda ◽  
Merce Ioana Luliana
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Tourism Sector

Ecotourism has been gaining popularity in recent times as more people are embracing the preservation of nature. Most countries are implementing laws to preserve natural habitats and other countries are practising a forestation in a bid to restore their lost nature. Romania is a country that is blessed with natural capital and is open to ecotourism. Over the years, Romania has been host to tourists from different countries, especially the European countries, who visit mostly to enjoy the eco tourist destinations of Romania. This research aimed to study the tourist traffic in protected areas in Romania and how they can be improved in order to generate further income for the Romanian tourism sector. This research made use of secondary data that were retrieved from the Association of Ecotourism Romania and the National Institute for Research and Development in Tourism. This research found out that most of the visitors to the Romanian tourist sites were the indigenes. However, tourists from different countries were more involved in ecotourism than the indigenes. At the end of this article, recommendations are made on how tourist traffic can be increased by the Romanian tourism department.   Keywords: Ecotourism, protected area, ecosystems, nature.

ECOPOTENTIAL Storylines: a whole system approach to Protected Area ecosystems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonello Provenzale ◽  
Carl Beierkuhnlein ◽  
Silvia Giamberini ◽  
Simona Imperio ◽  
Carmela Marangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Life Issues

<p>The EU H2020 ECOPOTENTIAL project was devoted to make best use of Earth observations to improve ecosystem benefits and support conservation strategies. The project followed a whole-ecosystem approach, with special attention to geosphere-biosphere interactions. The project, started in 2015 and ended in 2019, focused its activities on a set of more than 20 protected areas of international relevance in Europe and beyond, many of which are also eLTER and ILTER sites, covering a wide array of biogeographic regions and ecosystems (www.ecopotential-project.eu). The site/sites – specific research activities have been developed within a comprehensive framework (called the project’s “Storylines”) where real-life issues of broad conservation relevance for Protected Areas are linked with research questions. The Storylines specify the needs for remote sensing and in-situ data for ecosystem modelling, ecosystem service assessment, cross-scale interaction estimates, demands for future protections, policy and capacity building. Each storyline has been focused within at least one protected area and has sets the basis for further operational work in the field, adding specifics, defining a work plan and assigning tasks. Storylines have been conceived as iterative processes whose flow of activity and practical implementation evolved with the increase of knowledge and the demands by the users of the scientific findings. After a general introduction to the Storyline approach, here we focus on the case of the Gran Paradiso National Park, considering population dynamics of wild ungulates, biodiversity assessments and Critical Zone exploration. The Storyline concept is now left as a legacy of the ECOPOTENTIAL project to eLTER RI and to the GEO ECO community activities.</p>

Insights into Community Attitudes and Perceptions at Borakalalo National Park, South Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 002190962097057
Author(s):  
Ian Gordon-Cumming ◽  
Kevin Mearns
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions

Meaningful community participation is core to the long-term success of protected areas. Hence, it is important to understand what drives neighbouring community attitudes and perceptions. This study sought to determine local community attitudes towards conservation and protected areas, as well as their perceptions of benefits and participation at Borakalalo National Park. Semi-structured interviews were held with experienced park officials, while a structured household survey and focus group discussions were conducted across five surrounding villages. The results highlighted a number of interesting findings, including widespread support for biodiversity conservation and protected areas offset by considerable negativity towards Borakalalo itself. It was also determined, despite stated co-management policies, community residents perceived there was little meaningful participation and benefits were poorly communicated and unfairly distributed. Pragmatic suggestions were made for jointly developing more effective participation with the communities, despite limited available resources.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Climate of Selected Sixty-six Countries using Grey Relational Analysis: Focus on Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi ◽  
Tehmina Fiaz Qazi ◽  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Shaukat
Keyword(s):  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Grey Relational

Aim of the study is to evaluate climate selected sixty-six countries of the world. Since climate plays a vital role in economic growth of any country and there is dearth of climate models comparing country-wise position to predict as how climate of country is relatively better than others and how it may change in the future and how will it affect on businesses. Overall design of the study consists of review of literature, data elicitation & analysis. It follows quantitative research philosophy based on secondary data obtained from World Development Indicators (WDI). Grey relational analysis is used method of analysis. A classification is made under a predetermined scheme of ensigns like: much better, better, somewhat better, fair, poor, somewhat worse and worse. Results of the study show that Arabian Countries (AC), mostly member countries of European Union (EE), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) have much better and conducive climate, whereas, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries have worse and unfavorable climate for business. It is an original and valuable study that uses country level data from a reliable source. Results of the study are useful for international business community, political governments, society at large and researchers.

scholarly journals Kajian Dampak Sosial Terhadap Keberadaan Perusahaan HPH di Propinsi Sumatera Barat

Humanus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Lucky Zamzami
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Quality Water

This research purposed are to know social impact of foresty management done by HPH Company and influence to community around forest, conducted in Solok Selatan Regency, to know depended level of community to forest and nature resource as basic needs and specifying the target of change which wish to be reached and recommended the best approach for improving benefit of foresty management to community and also participated of community in the effort forest everlasting. This research use qualitatif method with observation, indepth interview and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Result of reseacrh show that the forest is very important for community as protected area from flood disaster and dryness and as wood source for cummunity. But, until now condition of forest felt having changes or degradation, especially felt from climate change side and quantity and quality water changes. There is a negative responce about HPH company existence, mostly happened because lack of socialization and communications among side. Effort of repair recommended are to develop more condusif relation between government, community with company, with interest many socialization and communications to find best solutions to the all problem. Key words: Local Community, HPH Forest Area, Foresty Management, Social Impact

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