scholarly journals Microbiome of human skin - its immunohomeostatic role and the role in pathogenesis of skin diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
D D Petrunin
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatoses ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes

In the last decade new methods of metagenomic analysis allowed to obtain important data regarding the microbiome of human skin. The problem of colonization and secondary infection by pathogenic microbes is of special importance for allergic dermatoses that require topical immunosuppressive therapy. One of treatment options in this case could be topical multicomponent drugs that allow successful treatment of infectious complications of inflammatory dermatoses. But there are still a lot of blanks regarding both fundamental questions regarding human skin microbiome and practice aspects of treatment of skin diseases where it plays a pathogenetic role. This literature review systematizes and structures the accumulated data regarding the composition and the role of human skin microbiome in normal conditions and in various skin diseases as well as summarizes clinical data of use of combinational topical glucocorticosteroid drugs. Furthermore, some algorithms concerning the choice and optimization of topical treatment of secondary infected dermatoses are outlined.

Staphylococcus epidermidis: A Potential New Player in the Physiopathology of Acne?

Dermatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 235 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Claudel ◽  
Nicole Auffret ◽  
Marie-Thérèse Leccia ◽  
Florence Poli ◽  
Stéphane Corvec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Skin Commensals

Background: Cutibacterium acnes has been identified as one of the main triggers of acne. However, increasing knowledge of the human skin microbiome raises questions about the role of other skin commensals, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, in the physiopathology of this skin disease. Summary: This review provides an overview of current knowledge of the potential role of S. epidermidis in the physiopathology of acne. Recent research indicates that acne might be the result of an unbalanced equilibrium between C. acnes and S. epidermidis,according to dedicated interactions. Current treatments act on C. acnesonly. Other treatment options may be considered, such as probiotics derived from S. epidermidis to restore the naturally balanced microbiota or through targeting the regulation of the host’s AMP mediators. Key Messages: Research seems to confirm the beneficial role of S. epidermidis in acne by limiting C. acnes over-colonisation and inflammation.

scholarly journals Spermidine-induced recovery of human dermal structure and barrier function by skin microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gihyeon Kim ◽  
Misun Kim ◽  
Minji Kim ◽  
Changho Park ◽  
Youngmin Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Skin Structure

AbstractAn unbalanced microbial ecosystem on the human skin is closely related to skin diseases and has been associated with inflammation and immune responses. However, little is known about the role of the skin microbiome on skin aging. Here, we report that the Streptococcus species improved the skin structure and barrier function, thereby contributing to anti-aging. Metagenomic analyses showed the abundance of Streptococcus in younger individuals or those having more elastic skin. Particularly, we isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus from face of young individuals. Treatment with secretions of S. pneumoniae and S. infantis induced the expression of genes associated with the formation of skin structure and the skin barrier function in human skin cells. The application of culture supernatant including Streptococcal secretions on human skin showed marked improvements on skin phenotypes such as elasticity, hydration, and desquamation. Gene Ontology analysis revealed overlaps in spermidine biosynthetic and glycogen biosynthetic processes. Streptococcus-secreted spermidine contributed to the recovery of skin structure and barrier function through the upregulation of collagen and lipid synthesis in aged cells. Overall, our data suggest the role of skin microbiome into anti-aging and clinical applications.

scholarly journals Pleiotropic Role of Notch Signaling in Human Skin Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Gratton ◽  
Paola Maura Tricarico ◽  
Chiara Moltrasio ◽  
Ana Sofia Lima Estevão de Oliveira ◽  
Lucas Brandão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Degos Disease ◽  
Cellular Pathways

Notch signaling orchestrates the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis of epidermal cells by strictly interacting with other cellular pathways. Any disruption of Notch signaling, either due to direct mutations or to an aberrant regulation of genes involved in the signaling route, might lead to both hyper- or hypo-activation of Notch signaling molecules and of target genes, ultimately inducing the onset of skin diseases. The mechanisms through which Notch contributes to the pathogenesis of skin diseases are multiple and still not fully understood. So far, Notch signaling alterations have been reported for five human skin diseases, suggesting the involvement of Notch in their pathogenesis: Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Dowling Degos Disease, Adams–Oliver Syndrome, Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis. In this review, we aim at describing the role of Notch signaling in the skin, particularly focusing on the principal consequences associated with its alterations in these five human skin diseases, in order to reorganize the current knowledge and to identify potential cellular mechanisms in common between these pathologies.

scholarly journals “Near miss” maternal morbidity following repeat rescue cerclage for twin pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-144
Author(s):  
Ayse Filiz Gökmen Karasu ◽  
Irana Gorchiyeva ◽  
Rana Dural ◽  
Mehmet Serdar Kutuk
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Cervical Length ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Rule Out

Objective Repeat cervical cerclage is one of the treatment options described in the literature for when the primary cerclage suture fails. However, infectious complications of cerclage placement may be encountered which are more obvious for the newborn. In our presented case, severe acute maternal morbidity was encountered for the sake of prolonging pregnancy. Case(s) Twenty-seven year old nullipar patient at 23+5 gestational weeks with dichorionic diamniotic pregnancy was admitted to our emergency clinic with complaints of “pain” and “vaginal bleeding”. At 18 weeks of pregnancy she had a Shirodkar cerclage procedure indicated by a short cervical length (14 mm) at our hospital. She presented with “bulging of membranes” to a different institution and underwent a repeat cerclage at 23+3 weeks. Chorioamnionitis was suspected and the patient was counselled for a pregnancy termination. After termination of pregnancy, “cardiac arrest” developed. After 2 minutes of resuscitation sinus rythm was obtained. The patient was admitted to the ICU. Conclusion The role of repeat cerclage is controversial. Efforts should be maximized to rule out underlying intrauterine infection prior to placement of a cerclage suture for there to be a therapeutic benefit of prolonging the pregnancy.

The role of lactobacilli in inhibiting skin pathogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lize Delanghe ◽  
Irina Spacova ◽  
Joke Van Malderen ◽  
Eline Oerlemans ◽  
Ingmar Claes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Inflammatory Skin ◽  
Skin Conditions

The human skin microbiota forms a key barrier against skin pathogens and is important in modulating immune responses. Recent studies identify lactobacilli as endogenous inhabitants of healthy skin, while inflammatory skin conditions are often associated with a disturbed skin microbiome. Consequently, lactobacilli-based probiotics are explored as a novel treatment of inflammatory skin conditions through their topical skin application. This review focuses on the potential beneficial role of lactobacilli (family Lactobacillaceae) in the skin habitat, where they can exert multifactorial local mechanisms of action against pathogens and inflammation. On one hand, lactobacilli have been shown to directly compete with skin pathogens through adhesion inhibition, production of antimicrobial metabolites, and by influencing pathogen metabolism. The competitive anti-pathogenic action of lactobacilli has already been described mechanistically for common different skin pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Cutibacterium acnes, and Candida albicans. On the other hand, lactobacilli also have an immunomodulatory capacity associated with a reduction in excessive skin inflammation. Their influence on the immune system is mediated by bacterial metabolites and cell wall-associated or excreted microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). In addition, lactobacilli can also enhance the skin barrier function, which is often disrupted as a result of infection or in inflammatory skin diseases. Some clinical trials have already translated these mechanistic insights into beneficial clinical outcomes, showing that topically applied lactobacilli can temporarily colonize the skin and promote skin health, but more and larger clinical trials are required to generate in vivo mechanistic insights and in-depth skin microbiome analysis.

The Role of Interleukin-1 in Inflammatory and Malignant Human Skin Diseases and the Rationale for Targeting Interleukin-1 Alpha

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayassa J. Bou-Dargham ◽  
Zahraa I. Khamis ◽  
Armand B. Cognetta ◽  
Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Interleukin 1

scholarly journals The Cutaneous Microbiome and Wounds: New Molecular Targets to Promote Wound Healing

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Johnson ◽  
Belinda Gómez ◽  
Matthew McIntyre ◽  
Michael Dubick ◽  
Robert Christy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Epithelial Barrier Function ◽  
Healing Tissue ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Skin Commensals ◽  
Chronic Skin

The ecological community of microorganisms in/on humans, termed the microbiome, is vital for sustaining homeostasis. While culture-independent techniques have revealed the role of the gut microbiome in human health and disease, the role of the cutaneous microbiome in wound healing is less defined. Skin commensals are essential in the maintenance of the epithelial barrier function, regulation of the host immune system, and protection from invading pathogenic microorganisms. In this review, we summarize the literature derived from pre-clinical and clinical studies on how changes in the microbiome of various acute and chronic skin wounds impact wound healing tissue regeneration. Furthermore, we review the mechanistic insights garnered from model wound healing systems. Finally, in the face of growing concern about antibiotic-resistance, we will discuss alternative strategies for the treatment of infected wounds to improve wound healing and outcomes. Taken together, it has become apparent that commensals, symbionts, and pathogens on human skin have an intimate role in the inflammatory response that highlights several potential strategies to treat infected, non-healing wounds. Despite these promising results, there are some contradictory and controversial findings from existing studies and more research is needed to define the role of the human skin microbiome in acute and chronic wound healing.

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