scholarly journals CONTENT ANALYSIS OF CIGARETTE PACKS IN INDONESIA: REGULATORY NON- COMPLIANCE AND PRODUCT PROMOTION ADVANTAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Mouhamad Bigwanto ◽  
Widyastuti Soerojo
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Cigarette Pack ◽  
Illegal Cigarettes ◽  
Cigarette Packs ◽  
Product Promotion

Background: A cigarette pack is the most intimate property and frequently seen by smokers every time they want to start smoking. It gives tobacco industry the opportunity to scrutinize every single space including the inside part of the pack to promote tobacco product and it is often called a mini billboard.Objective: To analyze possible violations if any against the existing regulations on packaging and labelling and to uncover packaging design and types of promotional elements on cigarette packs. Methods: A purposive sample based on the assessment and discussion with the representatives of National Agency of Drug and Food Control that generated a total of 42 cigarette packs representing 18 sample from Jakarta, 5 most popular brands, 18 special edition packs, and 1 illegal cigarettes. The observation units, variables and observable signs that covered the materials, size, content of the entire pack including the cigarettes stick were set by Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance and analyzed against the existing regulation.Results: There were two brands produced in 2019 that did not comply with the latest sets of Pictorial Health Warning. About 40.5% of sample (n=17) did not include information on production dates on the pack as mandated by Government Regulation Number 109/2012. The back panels of the top of pictorial health warning in all machine-made cigarettes were partially bunged up by excise tax stamps with exception of hand-rolled clove cigarettes. The tobacco industry took the advantage of the cigarette packs’ violations for product promotion, among others providing information on filter technology, promoting the upcoming tobacco-sponsored events, relating the product with imported goods by mentioning the country of brand origin, and using the flip lid of the pack to promote the brand name reputation. A total of 83.3% (n=35) samples gives additional products description such as bold, mild, lights, super, and special.Conclusion: The tobacco industry uses the ample spaces on both outer and inner panels of cigarette packs to promote their products, no single corners are left empty. The study confirmed violations of the regulation for product promotion.

scholarly journals Marketing with tobacco pack onserts: a qualitative analysis of tobacco industry documents

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorie E Apollonio ◽  
Stanton A Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
First Century ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Cigarette Pack ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Brand Information ◽  
Cigarette Packs

BackgroundCigarette packs are a form of advertising that distributes brand information wherever smokers go. In the 21st century, tobacco companies began using onserts on cigarette packs to communicate new advertising messages to smokers.MethodsWe reviewed tobacco industry documents dated 1926 to 2017 to identify how the tobacco industry developed and used onserts in marketing and to serve the industry’s political and legal objectives.ResultsOnserts added to cigarette packs became a more cost-effective way for brands to market in the year 2000. Manufacturers then began studying them, finding that new messages were appealing, while repeated messages were ignored. By 2005, tobacco companies were using onserts to effectively communicate about new tobacco products and packaging changes. They also used repeated ‘corporate responsibility’ messages that were, according to the industry’s own research, likely to be ignored.ConclusionsTobacco companies have expanded on cigarette pack-based advertising. Twenty-first century onserts simultaneously seek to increase sales using materials that are novel, attractive and provide independent value, while undercutting public health messages about the risks of tobacco use using materials that repeat over time and are comparatively unattractive. Health authorities can use this industry research to mandate onserts to communicate effective health messages.

scholarly journals Should cigarette pack sizes be capped?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Katherine Mary Blackwell ◽  
Ilse Lee ◽  
Michelle Scollo ◽  
Melanie Wakefield ◽  
Marcus Robert Munafo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Pack Size ◽  
Cigarette Pack ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Causal Nature ◽  
General Populations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cigarette Packs

BackgroundCigarette pack sizes vary globally between 10 and 50 cigarettes per pack. Many countries have introduced tobacco control legislation that mandates a minimum size to reduce affordability and youth smoking. By contrast, very few countries regulate maximum pack size. Larger, non-standard sizes are increasingly being introduced by the tobacco industry. Larger portion sizes increase food consumption; larger cigarette packs may similarly increase tobacco consumption. Here we consider the evidence for legislation to cap cigarette pack size to reduce tobacco-related harm.Argument and analysisWe first describe the regulations regarding minimum and maximum pack sizes in the 12 countries that have adopted plain packaging legislation and describe the range of sizes available. We then discuss evidence for two key assumptions that would support capping pack size. First, regarding the causal nature of the relationship between pack size and tobacco consumption, observational evidence suggests that people smoke fewer cigarettes when using smaller packs. Second, regarding the causal nature of the relationship between reducing consumption and successful cessation, reductions in number of cigarettes smoked per day are associated with increased cessation attempts and subsequent abstinence. However, more experimental evidence is needed to infer the causal nature of these associations among general populations of smokers.ConclusionPack size is associated with consumption, and consumption is associated with cessation. Based on limited evidence of the causal nature of these associations, we hypothesise that Government regulation to cap cigarette pack sizes would positively contribute to reducing smoking prevalence.

Illicit cigarette sales in Indian cities: findings from a retail survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 684-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rijo M John ◽  
Hana Ross
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Cigarette Pack ◽  
Indian Cities ◽  
The Town ◽  
Cigarette Packs ◽  
Similar Text

ObjectiveTo estimate illicit cigarette consumption in India using a modified and replicable method and compare it with estimates generated by the tobacco industry and by a commercial entity.MethodsThe study employed a modified approach to cigarette pack analysis suitable for countries with prevalent single-cigarette sales. Empty cigarette packs generated by 1 day’s single-cigarette sales were collected directly from cigarette vendors in four large and four small cities covering the length and breadth of India. Ten areas were randomly selected in each city/town, and all shops selling cigarettes within 1 km of the central point were surveyed. A cigarette pack was classified as illicit if it had at least one of the following attributes: (a) a duty-free sign; (b) no graphic health warnings; (c) no textual health warnings; or (d) no mention of ‘price inclusive of all taxes’ or similar text.FindingsWe collected 11 063 empty cigarette packs from 1727 retailers, and 2.73% of them were classified as illicit. The estimates varied substantially across locations with the highest prevalence of illicit packs in the town of Aizawl near the Bangladesh and Myanmar border (35.87%). The share of illicit cigarettes was found to be much higher (13.77%) among the cheapest cigarette brands. Illicit cigarettes are primarily distributed via formal stores rather than informal tea/pan shops.ConclusionOur estimate of the illicit cigarette market share of 2.73% casts serious doubt on the tobacco industry estimate of 20% and Euromonitor’s estimate of 21.3%.

scholarly journals Analysis of the illicit tobacco market in Georgia in response to fiscal and non-fiscal tobacco control measures

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056404
Author(s):  
Megan Little ◽  
Hana Ross ◽  
George Bakhturidze ◽  
Iago Kachkachishvili
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Cigarette Taxes ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Cigarette Pack

BackgroundGeorgian illicit cigarette consumption was 1.5% in 2017. In 2018, a new tobacco control law took effect followed by a substantial cigarette excise tax increase in 2019. Research shows these policies reduce tobacco consumption, but the tobacco industry argues they increase illicit trade. There is limited evidence on this, particularly from developing countries.MethodsA panel household survey in Georgia obtained data over three waves: 2017 baseline, 2018 after the tobacco control law took effect and 2019 after taxes increased. A sample of 1578 smokers (and quitters in later waves) from five regions reported their tobacco use and were asked to present a cigarette pack in their possession. These were examined for tax stamps and health warnings to establish legality.FindingsThere was no evidence of an increase in illicit cigarette consumption in Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Akhaltsikhe or Gori in any wave. In Zugdidi, near the Russian-occupied Abkhazia, illicit cigarette consumption was increasing even prior to the tax increase, reaching 30.9% by wave 3. A country-wide shift occurred from manufactured cigarettes to roll-your-own tobacco (whose tax remained unchanged) between waves 2 and 3.ConclusionNo evidence of a country-wide increase in illicit cigarette trade was found after non-fiscal tobacco measures took effect and cigarette taxes increased. Relatively high illicit cigarette consumption in Zugdidi highlights the role of disputed territories and border administration in illicit cigarette supply. Substitution towards roll-your-own tobacco after manufactured cigarette taxes increased demonstrates the importance of equalising taxes on tobacco products to maximise public health benefits.

scholarly journals Effect of Message Approach and Image Size on Pictorial Health Warning Effectiveness on Cigarette Pack in Indonesia: A Mixed Factorial Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6854
Author(s):  
Reny Yuliati ◽  
Billy Koernianti Sarwono ◽  
Abdillah Ahsan ◽  
I Gusti Lanang Agung Kharisma Wibhisono ◽  
Dian Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Fear Appeal ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Cigarette Pack ◽  
The Government

Background: Cigarette consumption remains high and increasing in Indonesia. The government implemented a pictorial health warnings requirement of 40% cover of the pack (front and back) using fear appeal messages. Objective: Our study aims to assess the effectiveness of cigarette pictorial health warnings by message and size. Methods: We conducted a mixed factorial experiment online study using three messaging approaches (fear vs. guilt vs. financial loss) and two picture sizes (40% vs. 75%) among 209 smoking participants. Sociodemographic variables included gender, education, income, employment status, and marital status. Data analysis used a mixed model ANOVA to see the main effect and interaction effect on dependent variables. For subgroup analysis, we used t-test and one-way ANOVA. All analyzes were in SPSS 22. Results: We found significant differences in the three message types, in which fear and guilt have higher effectiveness than financial loss. By subgroup, the guilt message was more compelling among female smokers and married smokers. The financial loss message was effective among lower-income smokers. We found no difference in pictorial health warning effectiveness by image size, potentially because participants could zoom in/out the cigarette pack image on the screen. Conclusions: Our finding supports more diverse message types in pictorial health warnings in Indonesia and other countries.

scholarly journals Response of mass media, tobacco industry and smokers to the introduction of graphic cigarette pack warnings in Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Miller ◽  
D. J. Hill ◽  
P. G. Quester ◽  
J. E. Hiller
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Cigarette Pack

scholarly journals Reactions to Standardized Cigarette Packs With Varying Structural Designs, and the Association With Smoking Susceptibility: A Postimplementation Cross-Sectional Survey With Never-Smoking Adolescents in Scotland

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2041-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Mitchell ◽  
Nathan Critchlow ◽  
Crawford Moodie ◽  
Linda Bauld
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cigarette Pack ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Smoking Susceptibility ◽  
Similar Legislation ◽  
Cigarette Packs

Abstract Introduction From May 20, 2017, cigarettes in the United Kingdom must be sold in standardized (plain) packaging. We explore postimplementation reactions to standardized cigarette packaging among never-smokers in Scotland, whether reactions vary in relation to permitted variations in pack structure, and whether reactions are associated with susceptibility. Aims and Methods A cross-sectional survey with 12–17-year-old never-smokers (n = 507) in Scotland, conducted November 2017–November 2018. Participants were shown one “regular” standardized cigarette pack (flip-top lid and straight-edged pack, similar to designs in Australia) and three standardized packs with varied pack structures (beveled-edges, slim pack, and shoulder box), which are permitted postimplementation in the United Kingdom. Participants rated each pack on eight five-point reaction measures (eg, attractiveness). Participants also indicated which pack, if any, they would choose. Smoking susceptibility was the outcome. Results The mean reaction scores for all four packs were mostly negative, however the shoulder box was consistently rated less negatively than the regular, slim, or beveled-edge packs. Most participants (87%) said they would not select any of the four packs, although susceptible participants were more likely to select one than nonsusceptible participants (25% vs. 7%; χ 2 = 29.70; p < .001). For all four packs, not finding them off-putting was associated with susceptibility (Adjusted Odds Ratio range: 2.73–3.69), albeit only a minority of adolescents did not find each pack off-putting. Conclusions Adolescents have negative reactions to the standardized cigarette packs implemented in the United Kingdom, albeit permitted variations in structure can reduce the extent of negativity. Most reactions to standardized packaging had no association with susceptibility. Implications We provide the first empirical evidence that adolescents find the standardized cigarette packs implemented in the United Kingdom unappealing and that most pack reactions have no association with susceptibility among never-smokers, with the exception of the minority who did not think that they would put them off smoking. This suggests that the legislation is achieving one of its primary aims, to reduce the appeal of packaging. That permitted variations in pack structure (eg, shoulder boxes) somewhat reduce negative reactions suggests that the United Kingdom, and other countries introducing similar legislation, should ensure that all aspects of pack design are fully standardized.

scholarly journals Tobacco Industry Marketing Exposure and Commercial Tobacco Product Use Disparities among American Indians and Alaska Natives

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Dana Mowls Carroll ◽  
Claradina Soto ◽  
Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati ◽  
Li-Ling Huang ◽  
Brianna A. Lienemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Indians ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Alaska Natives ◽  
Product Use
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