scholarly journals Robots and AR: towards a platform economy for construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 527-539
Author(s):  
McMeel Dermott
Keyword(s):  
Additional Data ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Structural Form ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Organisational Structures ◽  
Robotic Construction ◽  
Platform Economy ◽  
Insight Into

Platform economies like Uber and AirBnB have emerged quickly to dominate and radically reconfiguring social, geographic and organisational structures of existing economic systems; putting markets into a state of contingency and flux. What is a platform economy for construction? This paper reports on research investigating the implementation and combination of new technology, made possible by through a ‘platform’ approach to disrupt design and making processes and offer insight into potential futures. This project explores automated robotic construction, automatic recognition of building components and Augmented Reality overlay of additional data. The paper reviews existing literature to explore similarities and differences between construction and other sectors being disrupted by platforms. The research methodology develops a digital software platform to investigate how much of the design, fabrication and assembly of a ‘digital igloo’ can be automated. The igloo itself is a simple structural form intended to showcase composite panels. Results reveal construction is organizationally strikingly similar to sectors currently being disrupted. They also show the surprising extent to which design, fabrication and assembly can be contained within a digital platform. The biggest challenge was perhaps to do with tolerance, specifically when and where there is a focus on precision. Conclusions suggest the complexity of construction is likely to prevent an immediate and complete shift to a platform economy. It is more likely in the short term that contained and discrete aspects of construction, such as transport or equipment, might be suited to adoption.

A Bird in the Hand Isn’t Good for Long

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Scherbaum ◽  
Simon Frisch ◽  
Maja Dshemuchadse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Folk wisdom tells us that additional time to make a decision helps us to refrain from the first impulse to take the bird in the hand. However, the question why the time to decide plays an important role is still unanswered. Here we distinguish two explanations, one based on a bias in value accumulation that has to be overcome with time, the other based on cognitive control processes that need time to set in. In an intertemporal decision task, we use mouse tracking to study participants’ responses to options’ values and delays which were presented sequentially. We find that the information about options’ delays does indeed lead to an immediate bias that is controlled afterwards, matching the prediction of control processes needed to counter initial impulses. Hence, by using a dynamic measure, we provide insight into the processes underlying short-term oriented choices in intertemporal decision making.

scholarly journals Using syndromic measures of mortality to capture the dynamics of COVID-19 in Java, Indonesia, in the context of vaccination rollout

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimandra A. Djaafara ◽  
Charles Whittaker ◽  
Oliver J. Watson ◽  
Robert Verity ◽  
Nicholas F. Brazeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
If Current ◽  
Vaccine Impact ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background As in many countries, quantifying COVID-19 spread in Indonesia remains challenging due to testing limitations. In Java, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented throughout 2020. However, as a vaccination campaign launches, cases and deaths are rising across the island. Methods We used modelling to explore the extent to which data on burials in Jakarta using strict COVID-19 protocols (C19P) provide additional insight into the transmissibility of the disease, epidemic trajectory, and the impact of NPIs. We assess how implementation of NPIs in early 2021 will shape the epidemic during the period of likely vaccine rollout. Results C19P burial data in Jakarta suggest a death toll approximately 3.3 times higher than reported. Transmission estimates using these data suggest earlier, larger, and more sustained impact of NPIs. Measures to reduce sub-national spread, particularly during Ramadan, substantially mitigated spread to more vulnerable rural areas. Given current trajectory, daily cases and deaths are likely to increase in most regions as the vaccine is rolled out. Transmission may peak in early 2021 in Jakarta if current levels of control are maintained. However, relaxation of control measures is likely to lead to a subsequent resurgence in the absence of an effective vaccination campaign. Conclusions Syndromic measures of mortality provide a more complete picture of COVID-19 severity upon which to base decision-making. The high potential impact of the vaccine in Java is attributable to reductions in transmission to date and dependent on these being maintained. Increases in control in the relatively short-term will likely yield large, synergistic increases in vaccine impact.

Specialist infantry and defence engagement

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Blair Thomas Herron ◽  
K M Heil ◽  
D Reid
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Future ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insight Into

In 2015, the UK government published the National Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR) 2015, which laid out their vision for the future roles and structure of the UK Armed Forces. SDSR 2015 envisaged making broader use of the Armed Forces to support missions other than warfighting. One element of this would be to increase the scale and scope of defence engagement (DE) activities that the UK conducts overseas. DE activities traditionally involve the use of personnel and assets to help prevent conflict, build stability and gain influence with partner nations as part of a short-term training teams. This paper aimed to give an overview of the Specialist Infantry Group and its role in UK DE. It will explore the reasons why the SDSR 2015 recommended their formation as well as an insight into future tasks.

Chrysophycean Microfossils Provide New Insight into the Recent History of a Naturally Acidic Lake (Cone Pond, New Hampshire)

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1584-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine N. Gibson ◽  
John P. Smol ◽  
Jesse Ford
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acidic Lake ◽  
Lake Water Chemistry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Snowmelt ◽  
Insight Into

Cone Pond, New Hampshire, is an acidic (pH = 4.5) clearwater lake that is currently fishless. Historical records indicate declining fish populations between 1951 and 1966, but paleolimnological work using diatoms failed to find evidence for further recent acidification of this naturally acid site. We initiated new paleolimnological studies using mallomonadacean chrysophytes to further our understanding of Cone Pond's recent past. Our stratigraphic analyses indicate recent striking changes in the chrysophyte flora of this lake, with Mallomonas hindonii, a species only common in recently acidified lakes, replacing M. crassisquama, a cosmopolitan species that dominated the flora over the preceding 8000 yr; this recent change parallels the declines in fish populations. Because chrysophytes often bloom in early spring and are known, in other lakes, to experience changes in community composition before those expressed by the diatom community, a possibility is that chrysophytes track transient excursions of lake water chemistry associated with early snowmelt conditions. In this scenario, chrysophytes would respond to a constellation of specific short-term chemical changes including, but not restricted to, pH. Such pH associated changes could include changes in concentrations, speciation, or complexation of metals mobilized from the catchment or sediments, all of which are known to affect both chrysophytes and fish.

Athletes Play Through Pain—What Does That Mean for Rehabilitation Specialists?

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Barrette ◽  
Katherine Harman
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Sport Organization ◽  
The University ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Competitive Nature ◽  
And Training ◽  
Insight Into

Context: Pain in sport has been normalized to the point where athletes are expected to ignore pain and remain in the game despite the possible detrimental consequences associated with playing through pain. While rehabilitation specialists may not have an influence on an athlete’s competitive nature or the culture of risk they operate in, understanding the consequences of those factors on an athlete’s physical well-being is definitely in their area of responsibility. Objective: To explore the factors associated with the experiences of subelite athletes who play through pain in gymnastics, rowing, and speed skating. Design: The authors conducted semistructured interviews with subelite athletes, coaches, and rehabilitation specialists. They recruited coach participants through their provincial sport organization. Athletes of the recruited coaches who were recovering from a musculoskeletal injury and training for a major competition were then recruited. They also recruited rehabilitation specialists who were known to treat subelite athletes independently by e-mail. Setting: An observation session was conducted at the athlete’s training facility. Interviews were then conducted either in a room at the university or at a preferred sound-attenuated location suggested by the participant. Participants: The authors studied 5 coaches, 4 subelite athletes, and 3 rehabilitation specialists. Interventions: The authors photographed athletes during a practice shortly before an important competition, and we interviewed all the participants after that competition. Our photographs were used during the interview to stimulate discussion. Results: The participant interviews revealed 3 main themes related to playing through pain. They are: Listening to your body, Decision making, and Who decides. Conclusion: When subelite athletes, striving to be the best in their sport continue to train with the pain of an injury, performance is affected in the short-term and long-term consequences are also possible. Our study provides some insight into the contrasting forces that athletes balance as they decide to continue or to stop.

scholarly journals Syntactic and cognitive issues in investigating gendered coreference

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Marie Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Additional Data ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Conceptual Representations ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Insight Into

This paper presents a framework for how the multifaceted nature of "gender" (human and linguistic) interacts with grammatical operations such as coreference dependency formation. It frames the question through the lens of English, in which it focuses on how personal names and referents who identify as nonbinary can provide insight into the conceptual representations of gender. Additional data from a variety of modern languages supports a model of how gender might be cognitively represented such that the observed linguistic patterns are available. A three-tiered model of gender is proposed that unites grammatical, cognitive, social, and biological aspects and describes how implications of this model might be tested in future work.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte purinergic signaling components underlie hypoxia adaptation

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 951-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiqi Sun ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Anren Song ◽  
Jeanne M. Manalo ◽  
Angelo D’Alessandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Purinergic Signaling ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Hypoxia Adaptation ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Signaling Components ◽  
Insight Into

Erythrocytes are vital to human adaptation under hypoxic conditions because of their abundance in number and irreplaceable function of delivering oxygen (O2). However, although multiple large-scale altitude studies investigating the overall coordination of the human body for hypoxia adaptation have been conducted, detailed research with a focus on erythrocytes was missing due to lack of proper techniques. The recently maturing metabolomics profiling technology appears to be the answer to this limitation. Metabolomics profiling provides unbiased high-throughput screening data that reveal the overall metabolic status of erythrocytes. Recent studies have exploited this new technology and provided novel insight into erythrocyte physiology and pathology. In particular, a series of studies focusing on erythrocyte purinergic signaling have reported that adenosine signaling, coupled with 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the production of erythrocyte-enriched bioactive signaling lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate, regulate erythrocyte glucose metabolism for more O2 delivery. Moreover, an adenosine-dependent “erythrocyte hypoxic memory” was discovered that provides an explanation for fast acclimation upon re-ascent. These findings not only shed new light on our understanding of erythrocyte function and hypoxia adaptation, but also offer a myriad of novel therapeutic possibilities to counteract various hypoxic conditions.

scholarly journals Az etopozid szervezeten belüli eloszlásában és metabolizmusában szerepet játszó epigenetikai hatások

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (32) ◽  
pp. 1295-1302
Author(s):  
Erika Rozália Kovács ◽  
Sára Tóth ◽  
Dániel János Erdélyi
Keyword(s):  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Drug Dosing ◽  
And Personalized Medicine ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Pharmacogenomic Studies

Abstract: Etoposide is a topoisomerase II inhibitor antitumor agent which is widely used in the treatment of several hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The therapeutic index of etoposide is quite high, thus its application causes several short-term and long-term side effects which can decrease the chance to cure patients. Drug dosing is based on body surface area calculation; recommendations for individual dosing do not exist yet. The biotransformation and transportation of etoposide are carried out by enzymes and transporters as reported in pharmacogenomic studies published in this area. Nowadays pharmacoepigenetics research has come to the fore. The authors wish to give an insight into the research of the epigenetical changes of the etoposide pathways, especially focusing on published findings on enzymes and transporters with pharmacokinetic relevance. In the future, epigenetical changes of the etoposide pathway might have a great role in diagnostics, prognostics and personalized medicine. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(32): 1295–1302.

Cyberdefence of Offshore Deepwater Drilling Rigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Rossi ◽  
Itai Sela ◽  
Adam Rizika ◽  
Diogenes Angelidis ◽  
Mark Duck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Legacy Systems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Deep Dive ◽  
Deepwater Drilling ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Alternative Methodology ◽  
Drilling Rigs ◽  
Penetration Tests

Abstract An alternative methodology using new preventative technology to manage cybersecurity exposure on deepwater drilling rig assets is presented. For the past two years Shell's Deepwater Wells business has been evaluating typical cyber defence approaches and undertaken cybersecurity risk assessments and penetration tests. These activities have demonstrated the challenges attaining cybersecure drilling rig environments. Whilst cyberattacks increase in frequency, adaptability, and become cheaper to launch, regulatory and liability insurance requirements are also evolving. To achieve the goal of cyber-resilience, a major Operator has collaborated with a cybersecurity firm to trial technology for rapidly and reliably protecting deepwater rigs. The paper presents aspects of the numerous challenges faced and offers a different approach using new technology applied to both supplement and accelerate the attainment of a cyber-resilient environment onboard deepwater drilling rigs. It shares the deep dive lessons learnt leading to a more comprehensive understanding of how to protect drilling rigs and their safety critical control systems. Aside from addressing technical attributes using risk vs. maturity based methods, the approach also caters to business demands of short term rig contracts, managing multi-vendor legacy systems and satisfying increasing digitalisation/remote access needs with associated reductions in overall cybersecurity CAPEX spend.

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