scholarly journals Snakebites in the Mato Grosso state, Brazil: from 2007 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Reis Silva ◽  
Márcia Carolina De Siqueira Paese ◽  
Pâmela Alegranci
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Notification System

Snakebites are considered a serious public health problem due to its incidence and severity; in 2017 it was considered a neglected tropical disease. Mato Grosso state have a large territorial extension, composed by a tropical forest and semi-humid climate, and this could contributed for accidents with snakes, principally in rural areas. Regarding the state, epidemiological studies of accidents with snakes are scarce, so the present study aimed to evaluate the clinical-epidemiological aspects of snakebites in Mato Grosso state from 2007 to 2019. It was a retrospective descriptive study with data obtained from the Health Information Notification System (SINAN). In the analyzed period, there were 13,754 cases of snakebites, 90.77% were caused by Bothrops genus. The profile of individuals were male with age from 20 to 59 years old. The time that had elapsed between the accident and care being administered in 66.19% of the cases was up to 3 hours, the cases were considered mild or moderated (86.76%) with 89.25% evolution to cure. The incidence rate varied from 41.2 (in 2010) to 25.4 (in 2018) cases per 100,000 inhabitants with a central tendency to reduction of the cases over the years, and according to the macro-regions were observed higher incidences in East. Future investigations are necessary to explain the variation of incidence according to the macro-regions of Mato Grosso state.

scholarly journals Malnutrition, Overweight, and Obesity among Urban and Rural Children in North of West Azerbijan, Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakineh Nouri Saeidlou ◽  
Fariba Babaei ◽  
Parvin Ayremlou
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under 5

Introduction.Malnutrition is one of the most important causes for improper physical and mental development of children. Childhood obesity is a worldwide public health problem. The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity has become a growing matter of public health concern worldwide. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and obesity in children under 5 years old in Salmas district.Methods.The current study is a cross-sectional study conducted on 902 of children under 5 years old to assess the nutritional status in Salmas district and performed from 16 until 30 October, 2011, with the cooperation of the Office of Community Nutrition Improvement and the United Nations Children’s Fund. ENA (Emergency Nutrition Assessment) and Spss software were used for data analysis.Results.49.6% of children were boys and 50.4% were girls. The prevalence of malnutrition based on underweight, stunting, and wasting was estimated to be 2.3%, 7.3%, and 1.4% among children, respectively. Stunting was more common in rural areas and this difference was significant (P<0.001).Conclusion.In this area stunting, overweight and obesity were the most important priorities that health officials must pay more attention to. ENA software has a special ability to determine the samples and clusters and is a simple, rapid, and accurate method, especially in epidemiological studies in the country, and can be a convenient tool and its use is suggested for the same studies.

scholarly journals Endemicity of malaria in rural areas: A prospective longitudinal study in India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Mohammad Athar Ansari ◽  
Iqbal Mohd Khan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Presumptive Treatment ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Paramedical Staff ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The aim of the study is to assess the magnitude of the problem and certain epidemiological factors associated with malaria and examine the changing pattern of malaria through its parameters of measurement during 2009-2011. The study was carried out at the Rural Health Training Center (RHTC), under the J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Mus-lim University, Aligarh, (India) for three years from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2011. Teams of doctors and paramedical staff regularly visited the villages. If any person was found to be suffering from fever, his/her blood was examined for the malaria parasite. Patients were given presumptive treatment and radical treatment if slides were positive. The findings of the study demonstrated that the number of malaria cases increased during the study period, but in the year 2010, a sudden upsurge was noticed. Out of 5594 patients, most of the patients seen were in the age group of 11-20 years (34.3%). P. vivax (96.2%) was the most common malaria infection in these areas. An increasing trend of malaria was seen from July to October. Most of the parameters of malaria measurement in-creased many folds in 2010 and showed a declining trend in 2011. The overall findings of the study indicated the high endemicity of malaria in the study area and demonstrated a changing pattern of malaria in the registered vil-lages as most of the parameters of malaria measurement increased. An integrated approach is needed which in-cludes mass survey or active surveillance, and appropriate drug therapy to tackle this public health problem. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15940 South East Asia J Public Health | Jul-Dec 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 2 | 28-33

scholarly journals Anaemia among Egyptian adolescents: prevalence and determinants

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1025
Author(s):  
F. El Sahn ◽  
S. Sallam ◽  
A. Mandif ◽  
O. Galal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Socioeconomic Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Scale

We aimed to estimate the nationwide prevalence of anaemia among adolescents in Egypt and to study possible risk factors. A cross-sectional approach was used. Blood samples were collected from 1980 adolescents for haemoglobin estimation. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 46.6%, most of which was mild or moderate, with severe cases in less than 1.0% of the sample. Gender difference was almost nonexistent. A significant inverse relationship was observed between the level of anaemia and age [especially among boys], socioeconomic level and educational level. Anaemia was more prevalent in rural areas and in Upper [southern] Egypt. Anaemia is a major public health problem among Egyptian adolescents and wide-scale public health education is warranted.

scholarly journals Burnout Among Formal Caregivers and Risk of Violence Against Institutionalized Elderly

2020 ◽  
pp. 247-262
Author(s):  
Susana Valido ◽  
Ermelinda do Carmo Caldeira ◽  
Felismina Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Formal Caregivers

Sociodemographic changes occurring in past decades are reflected as increased population aging, resulting in a higher need to institutionalize elderly. Violence against elderly is a relevant public health problem. The aims of the present cross-sectional exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach were to analyze burnout among formal caregivers at institutions for elderly and to assess the risk of violence against institutionalized elderly. As a part of project ESACA—Envelhecer com Segurança no Alentejo (Prevenir as Quedas e a Violência sobre Idosos)—Compreender para Agir (Aging Safely in Alentejo [Preventing Falls and Violence against Elderly]), the present study analyzed 34 formal caregivers from three institutions that provide care to elderly in the Evora district, Portugal. No situations involving violence against institutionalized elderly were detected. Most participants (96.3%) did not exhibit burnout, although they did report feeling physically and emotionally tired.

Development of new dinuclear Fe(III) coordination compounds with in vitro nanomolar antitrypanosomal activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Figuerôa Moreira ◽  
Juliana de Araujo Portes ◽  
Nathalia Florencia Barros Azeredo ◽  
Christiane Fernandes ◽  
Adolfo Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Protozoan Pathogen

Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease is the major public health problem affecting about 6 to 7 million people worldwide,...

scholarly journals Perfil epidemiológico da sífilis congênita em uma microrregião no interior do estado da Bahia (2007-2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-229
Author(s):  
Kaic Trindade Almeida ◽  
Álisson Neves Santos ◽  
Ana Karla Araújo Nascimento Costa ◽  
Myllena Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Ana Maria Fernandes Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Notification System ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of Congenital Syphilis in 18 municipalities in the state of Bahia between 2007 and 2017.Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study of the confirmed cases of Congenital Syphilis in the micro-region registered in the Aggravation and Notification Information System.Results: In the study period, 39 cases were confirmed, with 30.8% of the mothers being between 20 and 24 years of age, 59% were brown, 46.2% had incomplete primary education, 33.3% were housewives, 74.4% 94.9% underwent prenatal care, 53.8% were diagnosed at the time of delivery / curettage, 41% received inadequate treatment and 38.5% of the partners were not treated. With regard to newborns, 69.2% were diagnosed with 0 day of life, 74.4% with recent Congenital Syphilis and 46.2% asymptomatic.Conclusion: The data reveal a serious public health problem in the micro-region analyzed, also pointing out failures in the notification system, observed in the high ignored index in the studied variables. Objetivo: Analizar el perfil epidemiológico de Sífilis Congénita en 18 municipios en el interior del estado de Bahía entre 2007 y 2017.Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo de los casos confirmados de Sífilis Congénita en la microrregión registrados en el Sistema de Información de Agravios y Notificación.Resultados: En el período estudiado se confirmaron 39 casos, donde el 30,8% de las madres tiene entre 20 a 24 años, el 59% son pardas, el 46,2% tienen enseñanza fundamental incompleta, el 33,3% amas de casa, el 74,4% en el momento del parto / curetaje, el 41% recibió tratamiento inadecuado y el 38,5% de los socios no fueron tratados. Con respecto a los recién nacidos, el 69,2% fue diagnosticado con 0 días de vida, 74,4% con Sífilis Congénita reciente y 46,2% asintomáticos.Conclusión: Los datos revelan un serio problema de salud pública en la microrregión analizada apuntando también fallas en el sistema de notificación, observadas en el elevado índice de ignorados en las variables estudiadas. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico de Sífilis Congênita em 18 municípios no interior do estado da Bahia entre 2007 e 2017. Método: Estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo dos casos confirmados de Sífilis Congênita na microrregião registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação. Resultados: No período estudado foram confirmados 39 casos, onde 30,8% das mães tem entre 20 a 24 anos, 59% são pardas, 46,2% possuem ensino fundamental incompleto, 33,3% donas de casa, 74,4% residentes na zona urbana, 94,9% realizou o pré-natal, 53,8% foram diagnosticadas no momento do parto/curetagem, 41% receberam tratamento inadequado e 38,5% dos parceiros não foram tratados. Com relação aos recém-nascidos, 69,2% foram diagnosticados com 0 dia de vida, 74,4% com Sífilis Congênita recente e 46,2% assintomáticos. Conclusão: Os dados revelam um sério problema de saúde pública na microrregião analisada apontando também falhas no sistema de notificação, observadas no elevado índice de ignorados nas variáveis estudadas.

Is Technical-grade Chlordane an Obesogen?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana F. Silva ◽  
Bruno P. Moreira ◽  
Luís Rato ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Pereira ◽  
Pedro F. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

The prevalence of obesity has tripled in recent decades and is now considered an alarming public health problem. In recent years, a group of endocrine disruptors, known as obesogens, have been directly linked to the obesity epidemic. Its etiology is generally associated with a sedentary lifestyle, a high-fat diet and genetic predisposition, but environmental factors, such as obesogens, have also been reported as contributors for this pathology. In brief, obesogens are exogenous chemical compounds that alter metabolic processes and/or energy balance and appetite, thus predisposing to weight gain. Although this theory is still recent, the number of compounds with suspected obesogenic activity has steadily increased over the years, though much more remain a matter of debate. Technical-grade chlordane is an organochlorine pesticide widely present in the environment, albeit at low concentrations. Highly lipophilic, this compound can be metabolized by humans and animals into more toxic and stable compounds that are stored in fat tissue and consequently pose a danger to the human body, including the physiology of adipose tissue, which plays an important role in weight regulation. In addition, technical-grade chlordane is classified as a persistent organic pollutant, a group of chemicals whose epidemiological studies are associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity. Herein, we discuss the emerging roles of obesogens as threats to public health. We particularly discuss the relevance of chlordane persistence in the environment and how its effects on human and animal health provide evidence for its role as an endocrine disruptor with possible obesogenic activity.

scholarly journals High Burden of Hypertension Among Adult Population in Rural Districts of Northwest Ethiopia: a Call for Community Based Intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Destaw Fetene Teshome ◽  
Shitaye Alemu Balcha ◽  
Tadesse Awoke Ayele ◽  
Asmamaw Atnafu ◽  
Mekonnen Sisay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

Abstract Background: Estimating prevalence and identifying risk factors of hypertension are paramount important to develop strategies to prevent hypertensive disease. Although, hypertension is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, there is scarcity of evidence in rural areas of the country. Hence, this study is aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adult population in rural districts of northwest Ethiopia.Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted from June to October, 2020. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select 1177 study participants. A face to face interview was conducted using an adapted version of the WHO STEPwise approach questionnaire. The blood pressure was measured three times using aneroid sphygmomanometer and the mean of the last two readings were used for the analysis. Data were entered using Epidata and analyzed using STAT-14. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with hypertension.Results: Of the total participants, 218(18.5%) were found to be hypertensive. The prevalence of hypertension consistently increased with age. Hypertension was positively and significantly associated with female sex ((adjusted odd ratio (AOR)=2.30, 95% CI: 1.53, 3.45)), age group 45-54 years (AOR=4.63, 95% CI: 1.01, 21.37), 55-64 years (AOR=14.40, 95% CI: 3.07, 67.63), ³65 years (AOR=19.37, 95% CI: 4.03, 93.09), having history of alcohol consumption (AOR=3.25, 95% CI: 1.17, 9.02), used much amount of salt (AOR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.53, 3.60), used too much amount of salt (AOR=3.78, 95% CI: 1.85, 7.72), sleeping for a short duration (AOR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.30, 3.24), and having Family history of hypertension (AOR=2.12, 95% CI; 1.32, 3.39). Conclusions: Hypertension was significantly high among the rural population we studied and is emerging as a public health problem in rural areas. Female sex, older age, ever used alcohol, used much and too much amount of salt, inadequate sleep, and family history of hypertension were factors positively and significantly associated with hypertension. We recommend local health authorities integrate promotion of hypertension health education, lifestyle modification intervention on salt and alcohol reduction, and hypertension detection particularly for female and elderly population at health post level to avert the problem.

scholarly journals Emotions of students involved in cases of bullying

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julliane Messias Cordeiro Sampaio ◽  
Gabriela Valente Santos ◽  
Wanderlei Abadio de Oliveira ◽  
Jorge Luiz da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sixth Grade Students ◽  
High Prevalence

The objective was to estimate the prevalence of school bullying and identify the emotions of students involved. In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, a questionnaire was applied to 232 sixth-grade students of a public school. The results show a large number of students involved in bullying (39.6%): 22.2% were victims and 17.4% were aggressors. Anger was the most frequent emotion experienced by the victims when suffering aggression, while most aggressors reported that no emotions were experienced when abusing their peers. The high prevalence of bullying, its characteristics and the negative consequences that arise make it a public health problem. This study covers the importance of identifying emotions associated with school bullying, a subject seldom explored, which can contribute to the development of integral healthcare delivered to students.

scholarly journals THE MANAGEMENT OF SNAKE BITE AND THEIR OUTCOME WITH DIFFERENT VARIABLES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kumar Jakhar ◽  
Arvind Jain
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Medical College

Background: Snake Bite is a life-threatening medical emergency & major public health issue throughout the world and especially in tropical countries like India. Snake bite which is a substantial cause of death in rural areas of developing countries, is a neglected public health problem. Methods: The study include the patient of snake bite who is admitted in department of medicine of M.D.M. Hospital attached to Dr S. N. Medical College Jodhpur during the period of one year January 01 2018 to December 31, 2018. Patients were enrolled after obtaining an informed consent and meeting inclusion criteria. Results: Maximum number of the cases did not receive any first aid and ASV& Pain killer was the most common component of the first aid. Two third of the cases were bitten by Viper snakes while one third by Cobra and Krait collectively. ASV dose was given as per the case response and in ASV dose of 30-50 VIAL was injected in majority of the victims (38.56). 30-50 VIAL was injected in majority of the victims. At time of hospital admission WBCT is normal in 52 patients (33.09%) while 101 patients had WBCT more than 20 min. Conclusion: Snakebite, an important occupational hazard, though preventable in principle remains to be one of the common medical emergencies. Primary prevention by imparting information regarding quick transport, correct first aid measures and training of primary level health workers can drastically bring down the mortality of this neglected tropical disease. Keywords: Snake bite, ASV, Viper.

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