scholarly journals Learned Image Compression with Discretized Gaussian Mixture Likelihoods and Attention Modules

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Ranganathan G ◽  
Bindhu V
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Rate Distortion ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Entropy Model ◽  
Performance Gap ◽  
Compression Algorithms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Architecture Simulation ◽  
Recent Attention

There have been many compression standards developed during the past few decades and technological advances has resulted in introducing many methodologies with promising results. As far as PSNR metric is concerned, there is a performance gap between reigning compression standards and learned compression algorithms. Based on research, we experimented using an accurate entropy model on the learned compression algorithms to determine the rate-distortion performance. In this paper, discretized Gaussian Mixture likelihood is proposed to determine the latent code parameters in order to attain a more flexible and accurate model of entropy. Moreover, we have also enhanced the performance of the work by introducing recent attention modules in the network architecture. Simulation results indicate that when compared with the previously existing techniques using high-resolution and Kodak datasets, the proposed work achieves a higher rate of performance. When MS-SSIM is used for optimization, our work generates a more visually pleasant image.

scholarly journals Channel-Level Variable Quantization Network for Deep Image Compression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhisheng Zhong ◽  
Hiroaki Akutsu ◽  
Kiyoharu Aizawa
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Image Compression ◽  
Rate Distortion ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Entropy Model ◽  
Deep Image ◽  
Level Variable

Deep image compression systems mainly contain four components: encoder, quantizer, entropy model, and decoder. To optimize these four components, a joint rate-distortion framework was proposed, and many deep neural network-based methods achieved great success in image compression. However, almost all convolutional neural network-based methods treat channel-wise feature maps equally, reducing the flexibility in handling different types of information. In this paper, we propose a channel-level variable quantization network to dynamically allocate more bitrates for significant channels and withdraw bitrates for negligible channels. Specifically, we propose a variable quantization controller. It consists of two key components: the channel importance module, which can dynamically learn the importance of channels during training, and the splitting-merging module, which can allocate different bitrates for different channels. We also formulate the quantizer into a Gaussian mixture model manner. Quantitative and qualitative experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and demonstrate that our method achieves superior performance and can produce much better visual reconstructions.

FM Verification for the 21 st Century

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leisha Eiten ◽  
Dawna Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Current Technology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Children With Hearing Loss

Background: For children with hearing loss, the benefits of FM systems in overcoming deleterious effects of noise, distance, and reverberation have led to recommendations for use beyond classroom settings. It is important that audiologists who recommend and fit these devices understand the rationale and procedures underlying fitting and verification. Objectives: This article reviews previousguidelines for FM verification, addresses technological advances, and introduces verification procedures appropriate for current FM and hearing-aid technology. Methods: Previous guidelines for verification of FM systems are reviewed. Those recommendations that are appropriate for current technology are addressed, as are procedures that are no longer adequate for hearing aids and FM systems utilizing more complex processing than in the past. Technological advances are discussed, and an updated approach to FM verification is proposed. Conclusions: Approaches to verification andfitting of FM systems must keep pace with advances in hearing-aid and FM technology. The transparency approach addressed in this paper is recommended for verification of FM systems coupled to hearing aids.

Recovery boiler sootblowers: History and technological advances

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
HONGHI TRAN ◽  
DANNY TANDRA
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Recovery Boilers ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Recovery Boiler ◽  
Steam Parameters ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Deposit Removal

Sootblowing technology used in recovery boilers originated from that used in coal-fired boilers. It started with manual cleaning with hand lancing and hand blowing, and evolved slowly into online sootblowing using retractable sootblowers. Since 1991, intensive research and development has focused on sootblowing jet fundamentals and deposit removal in recovery boilers. The results have provided much insight into sootblower jet hydrodynamics, how a sootblower jet interacts with tubes and deposits, and factors influencing its deposit removal efficiency, and have led to two important innovations: fully-expanded sootblower nozzles that are used in virtually all recovery boilers today, and the low pressure sootblowing technology that has been implemented in several new recovery boilers. The availability of powerful computing systems, superfast microprocessors and data acquisition systems, and versatile computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling capability in the past two decades has also contributed greatly to the advancement of sootblowing technology. High quality infrared inspection cameras have enabled mills to inspect the deposit buildup conditions in the boiler during operation, and helped identify problems with sootblower lance swinging and superheater platens and boiler bank tube vibrations. As the recovery boiler firing capacity and steam parameters have increased markedly in recent years, sootblowers have become larger and longer, and this can present a challenge in terms of both sootblower design and operation.

Catholicism and Cosmopolitanism: the Confluence of Three Catholic Scholars and the Cosmopolitan Democrats on State Sovereignty and the Future of Global Governance

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Matthew Bagot
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Jacques Maritain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cosmopolitan Democracy ◽  
Catholic Tradition

One of the central questions in international relations today is how we should conceive of state sovereignty. The notion of sovereignty—’supreme authority within a territory’, as Daniel Philpott defines it—emerged after the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 as a result of which the late medieval crisis of pluralism was settled. But recent changes in the international order, such as technological advances that have spurred globalization and the emerging norm of the Responsibility to Protect, have cast the notion of sovereignty into an unclear light. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the current debate regarding sovereignty by exploring two schools of thought on the matter: first, three Catholic scholars from the past century—Luigi Sturzo, Jacques Maritain, and John Courtney Murray, S.J.—taken as representative of Catholic tradition; second, a number of contemporary political theorists of cosmopolitan democracy. The paper argues that there is a confluence between the Catholic thinkers and the cosmopolitan democrats regarding their understanding of state sovereignty and that, taken together, the two schools have much to contribute not only to our current understanding of sovereignty, but also to the future of global governance.

A summary of beach nourishment in China: The past decade of practices

Shore & Beach ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Gen Liu ◽  
Feng Cai ◽  
Hongshuai Qi ◽  
Jianhui Liu ◽  
Gang Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beach Nourishment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ecological Design ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Urban Beaches

Beach nourishment has been widely used for beach protection around the world. However, there is limited information about beach nourishment in China. This study offers an overview of beach nourishment practices, status and technological advances in China, based on the literature, reports, and personal communications. The results demonstrate that beach nourishment has been recognized as an effective and environmentally friendly measure to combat coastal erosion and has been increasingly adopted in China, especially in the past decade. The unique characteristics of coastal China resulted in a difference in beach nourishment between China and Western developed countries in terms of the types, objectives, and shapes of beach nourishment. For the types of nourishments in China, there were approximately the same number of restored beaches and newly constructed beaches. For fill sediment, homogeneous fill and heterogeneous fill comprised 51.1% and 48.9% of projects, respectively. The objective of beach nourishment was mainly to promote coastal tourism, and the shape of nourished beaches was dominated by headland bays. This study also indicated that China has achieved a number of technological advances in beach nourishment, including methods of beach nourishment on severely eroded coasts and muddy coasts, an optimized design of drain pipes involved in urban beaches, and ecological design considerations. From the past decade of practices, four aspects were proposed as considerations for future nourishment: sand sources, technique advances, ecological effects, and management of beach nourishments.

Novel Findings of Anti-cancer Property of Propofol

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqiang Wang ◽  
Chien-shan Cheng ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Xiaowei Ding ◽  
Minmin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intravenous Anesthetic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Recent Attention

Background: Propofol, a widely used intravenous anesthetic agent, is traditionally applied for sedation and general anesthesia. Explanation: Recent attention has been drawn to explore the effect and mechanisms of propofol against cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, the proliferation-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing properties of propofol in cancer have been studied. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Conclusion: This review focused on the findings within the past ten years and aimed to provide a general overview of propofol's malignance-modulating properties and the potential molecular mechanisms.

scholarly journals Proteomic insights into synaptic signaling in the brain: the past, present and future

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalan Xu ◽  
Xiuyue Song ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Yin Wang ◽  
Peifeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Synaptic Signaling ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Independent Acquisition ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Neural Communication ◽  
Chemical Synapses ◽  
The Brain

AbstractChemical synapses in the brain connect neurons to form neural circuits, providing the structural and functional bases for neural communication. Disrupted synaptic signaling is closely related to a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In the past two decades, proteomics has blossomed as a versatile tool in biological and biomedical research, rendering a wealth of information toward decoding the molecular machinery of life. There is enormous interest in employing proteomic approaches for the study of synapses, and substantial progress has been made. Here, we review the findings of proteomic studies of chemical synapses in the brain, with special attention paid to the key players in synaptic signaling, i.e., the synaptic protein complexes and their post-translational modifications. Looking toward the future, we discuss the technological advances in proteomics such as data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS), cross-linking in combination with mass spectrometry (CXMS), and proximity proteomics, along with their potential to untangle the mystery of how the brain functions at the molecular level. Last but not least, we introduce the newly developed synaptomic methods. These methods and their successful applications marked the beginnings of the synaptomics era.

Cerebral Palsy

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 411-418
Author(s):  
Lawrence T. Taft
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Static Encephalopathy

To be classified as cerebral palsy (CP), there must be difficulty in neuromotor control, a nonprogressive brain lesion, and an injury to the brain that occurred before it was fully mature. The term "cerebral palsy" should be used only if a static encephalopathy exists. If there is any question that a progressive central nervous system disorder exists, the term "cerebral palsy" should not be used diagnostically until the status of the lesion is clarified. Although the primary abnormality must be a motor deficit, often there are many associated symptoms of cerebral dysfunction present. Incidence and Prevalence The prevalence of CP has changed very little over the past 40 years, in spite of many technological advances that have decreased mortality in compromised preterm and full-term infants. The prevalence rate has been estimated to be between 2 and 5 per 1000 live births. At 12 months of age, the prevalence rate was estimated to be 5.2 per 1000, but at 7 years of age, the rate was estimated to be 2 per 1000 live births. This indicates that many children who showed signs or experienced symptoms suggesting a motor disorder did not have CP on follow-up. The past 3 decades have seen an increased survival rate of very small preterm infants, resulting in a change in the percentage rates of the different clinical types of motor disabilities among patients classified as having CP.

scholarly journals Single-particle cryo-EM—How did it get here and where will it go

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 361 (6405) ◽  
pp. 876-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Biology ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Electron Crystallography ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
Electron Cryotomography

Cryo–electron microscopy, or simply cryo-EM, refers mainly to three very different yet closely related techniques: electron crystallography, single-particle cryo-EM, and electron cryotomography. In the past few years, single-particle cryo-EM in particular has triggered a revolution in structural biology and has become a newly dominant discipline. This Review examines the fascinating story of its start and evolution over the past 40-plus years, delves into how and why the recent technological advances have been so groundbreaking, and briefly considers where the technique may be headed in the future.

scholarly journals BANJARBARU MILLENNIAL LIBRARY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-239
Author(s):  
Armila Armila ◽  
Nurfansyah Nurfansyah
Keyword(s):  
Millennial Generation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The World ◽  
The University ◽  
Reading Interest

Technological advances have now mastered several aspects, namely in the world of education, fashion, lifestyle and the world of architecture. For example libraries, in the past, libraries were seen from the number of books collected and also how big the library building was but for now all that has changed, libraries are now required to be able to follow the wishes of its users. In this case the users are the millennial generation who have characteristics that are close to technology, like convenience and are free-spirited. According to a survey from the Boston Consulting Group and the University of Berkley about the millennial generation, the conventional reading interest of millennials has decreased and they prefer to use smartphones to read and libraries are considered unimportant to them. The design of the Banjarbaru Millennial Library uses the Behavioral Architecture method and the Blurring Architecture concept. This design aims to create a library in accordance with the characteristics of millennials who like freedom by implementing this freedom into its buildings

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