A summary of beach nourishment in China: The past decade of practices

Shore & Beach ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Gen Liu ◽  
Feng Cai ◽  
Hongshuai Qi ◽  
Jianhui Liu ◽  
Gang Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beach Nourishment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ecological Design ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Urban Beaches

Beach nourishment has been widely used for beach protection around the world. However, there is limited information about beach nourishment in China. This study offers an overview of beach nourishment practices, status and technological advances in China, based on the literature, reports, and personal communications. The results demonstrate that beach nourishment has been recognized as an effective and environmentally friendly measure to combat coastal erosion and has been increasingly adopted in China, especially in the past decade. The unique characteristics of coastal China resulted in a difference in beach nourishment between China and Western developed countries in terms of the types, objectives, and shapes of beach nourishment. For the types of nourishments in China, there were approximately the same number of restored beaches and newly constructed beaches. For fill sediment, homogeneous fill and heterogeneous fill comprised 51.1% and 48.9% of projects, respectively. The objective of beach nourishment was mainly to promote coastal tourism, and the shape of nourished beaches was dominated by headland bays. This study also indicated that China has achieved a number of technological advances in beach nourishment, including methods of beach nourishment on severely eroded coasts and muddy coasts, an optimized design of drain pipes involved in urban beaches, and ecological design considerations. From the past decade of practices, four aspects were proposed as considerations for future nourishment: sand sources, technique advances, ecological effects, and management of beach nourishments.

The Transfer of Vaccine Technology to Developing Countries: The Latin American Experience

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Homma ◽  
Robert F. Knouss
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
American Experience ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances

AbstractTechnological advances by developed countries are producing safer, more potent vaccines. In addition, the transfer of the technology of vaccine production to some developing countries has been taking place during the past five decades, thereby making possible the participation of developing countries in the production and supply of the essential biologicals that are required for immunization programs. Examples of successful transfers of technology, the decisive elements and factors that contribute to the transfers, and the major obstacles to such transfers are presented.

FM Verification for the 21 st Century

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leisha Eiten ◽  
Dawna Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Current Technology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Children With Hearing Loss

Background: For children with hearing loss, the benefits of FM systems in overcoming deleterious effects of noise, distance, and reverberation have led to recommendations for use beyond classroom settings. It is important that audiologists who recommend and fit these devices understand the rationale and procedures underlying fitting and verification. Objectives: This article reviews previousguidelines for FM verification, addresses technological advances, and introduces verification procedures appropriate for current FM and hearing-aid technology. Methods: Previous guidelines for verification of FM systems are reviewed. Those recommendations that are appropriate for current technology are addressed, as are procedures that are no longer adequate for hearing aids and FM systems utilizing more complex processing than in the past. Technological advances are discussed, and an updated approach to FM verification is proposed. Conclusions: Approaches to verification andfitting of FM systems must keep pace with advances in hearing-aid and FM technology. The transparency approach addressed in this paper is recommended for verification of FM systems coupled to hearing aids.

Recovery boiler sootblowers: History and technological advances

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
HONGHI TRAN ◽  
DANNY TANDRA
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Recovery Boilers ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Recovery Boiler ◽  
Steam Parameters ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Deposit Removal

Sootblowing technology used in recovery boilers originated from that used in coal-fired boilers. It started with manual cleaning with hand lancing and hand blowing, and evolved slowly into online sootblowing using retractable sootblowers. Since 1991, intensive research and development has focused on sootblowing jet fundamentals and deposit removal in recovery boilers. The results have provided much insight into sootblower jet hydrodynamics, how a sootblower jet interacts with tubes and deposits, and factors influencing its deposit removal efficiency, and have led to two important innovations: fully-expanded sootblower nozzles that are used in virtually all recovery boilers today, and the low pressure sootblowing technology that has been implemented in several new recovery boilers. The availability of powerful computing systems, superfast microprocessors and data acquisition systems, and versatile computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling capability in the past two decades has also contributed greatly to the advancement of sootblowing technology. High quality infrared inspection cameras have enabled mills to inspect the deposit buildup conditions in the boiler during operation, and helped identify problems with sootblower lance swinging and superheater platens and boiler bank tube vibrations. As the recovery boiler firing capacity and steam parameters have increased markedly in recent years, sootblowers have become larger and longer, and this can present a challenge in terms of both sootblower design and operation.

Vitamin A: dietologist’s position

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
S. V. Orlova ◽  
E. A. Nikitina ◽  
L. I. Karushina ◽  
Yu. A. Pigaryova ◽  
O. E. Pronina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Vitamin A (retinol) is one of the key elements for regulating the immune response and controls the division and differentiation of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchopulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, eyes, etc. Its significance in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is difficult to overestimate. However, a number of studies conducted in the past have associated the additional intake of vitamin A with an increased risk of developing cancer, as a result of which vitamin A was practically excluded from therapeutic practice in developed countries. Our review highlights the role of vitamin A in maintaining human health and the latest data on its effect on the development mechanisms of somatic pathology.

Catholicism and Cosmopolitanism: the Confluence of Three Catholic Scholars and the Cosmopolitan Democrats on State Sovereignty and the Future of Global Governance

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Matthew Bagot
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Jacques Maritain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cosmopolitan Democracy ◽  
Catholic Tradition

One of the central questions in international relations today is how we should conceive of state sovereignty. The notion of sovereignty—’supreme authority within a territory’, as Daniel Philpott defines it—emerged after the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 as a result of which the late medieval crisis of pluralism was settled. But recent changes in the international order, such as technological advances that have spurred globalization and the emerging norm of the Responsibility to Protect, have cast the notion of sovereignty into an unclear light. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the current debate regarding sovereignty by exploring two schools of thought on the matter: first, three Catholic scholars from the past century—Luigi Sturzo, Jacques Maritain, and John Courtney Murray, S.J.—taken as representative of Catholic tradition; second, a number of contemporary political theorists of cosmopolitan democracy. The paper argues that there is a confluence between the Catholic thinkers and the cosmopolitan democrats regarding their understanding of state sovereignty and that, taken together, the two schools have much to contribute not only to our current understanding of sovereignty, but also to the future of global governance.

scholarly journals IoT based Smart Passenger Surveillance System for Airport

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.5) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
T. P.Deepa ◽  
Dr Pradeepa.P
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Airport Security ◽  
Smart Sensors ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The Past ◽  
Remote Station ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Airport security system is mandatory in all developing and developed countries. The major threat to any country’s economy, health and development is targeted and transported via airports which are evident from the past historical examples. The developments in Science and Technology have improved the methods of surveillance but failed to address few key health issues including privacy. The main objective of this paper is to develop a smart IOT based surveillance systems that is implemented in airport in smart screening without causing any unpleasant disturbances to the passengers. This paper makes use of the recently developed smart sensors, Tiva processor from Texas instruments connected via IOT and cloud and a remote station to effectively secure the airport area and overcoming all the real time challenges. 

What is an Ecodisaster?

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Cloudsley-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
World Population ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Catastrophe ◽  
Near Future

The term ‘ecodisaster’ may be defined as ‘a global catastrophe of the human species’. Any ecodisasters occurring in the near future will, almost certainly, be caused, directly or indirectly, by the present overpopulation of the world, accompanied by unwise and irresponsible disregard of environmental deterioration.The suggestion is made here that Man's first and, it is to be hoped, last, ecodisaster may already have begun. Although not dramatic, it is taking the form of a steady decline in the standard of living nearly everywhere, coupled with massive pollution, and widespread malnutrition in the under-developed countries of the world. It will persist until world population eventually becomes adjusted to environmental resources.It is ironical that control of the pests and diseases which have inflicted so much misery on mankind in the past, should have helped to engender the present population explosion with all the hunger and privation that accompany it in the under-developed regions of the world.

scholarly journals Proteomic insights into synaptic signaling in the brain: the past, present and future

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalan Xu ◽  
Xiuyue Song ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Yin Wang ◽  
Peifeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Synaptic Signaling ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Independent Acquisition ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Neural Communication ◽  
Chemical Synapses ◽  
The Brain

AbstractChemical synapses in the brain connect neurons to form neural circuits, providing the structural and functional bases for neural communication. Disrupted synaptic signaling is closely related to a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In the past two decades, proteomics has blossomed as a versatile tool in biological and biomedical research, rendering a wealth of information toward decoding the molecular machinery of life. There is enormous interest in employing proteomic approaches for the study of synapses, and substantial progress has been made. Here, we review the findings of proteomic studies of chemical synapses in the brain, with special attention paid to the key players in synaptic signaling, i.e., the synaptic protein complexes and their post-translational modifications. Looking toward the future, we discuss the technological advances in proteomics such as data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS), cross-linking in combination with mass spectrometry (CXMS), and proximity proteomics, along with their potential to untangle the mystery of how the brain functions at the molecular level. Last but not least, we introduce the newly developed synaptomic methods. These methods and their successful applications marked the beginnings of the synaptomics era.

Cerebral Palsy

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 411-418
Author(s):  
Lawrence T. Taft
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Static Encephalopathy

To be classified as cerebral palsy (CP), there must be difficulty in neuromotor control, a nonprogressive brain lesion, and an injury to the brain that occurred before it was fully mature. The term "cerebral palsy" should be used only if a static encephalopathy exists. If there is any question that a progressive central nervous system disorder exists, the term "cerebral palsy" should not be used diagnostically until the status of the lesion is clarified. Although the primary abnormality must be a motor deficit, often there are many associated symptoms of cerebral dysfunction present. Incidence and Prevalence The prevalence of CP has changed very little over the past 40 years, in spite of many technological advances that have decreased mortality in compromised preterm and full-term infants. The prevalence rate has been estimated to be between 2 and 5 per 1000 live births. At 12 months of age, the prevalence rate was estimated to be 5.2 per 1000, but at 7 years of age, the rate was estimated to be 2 per 1000 live births. This indicates that many children who showed signs or experienced symptoms suggesting a motor disorder did not have CP on follow-up. The past 3 decades have seen an increased survival rate of very small preterm infants, resulting in a change in the percentage rates of the different clinical types of motor disabilities among patients classified as having CP.

Feasibility Study of Designing a Three Legged Walking Robot: Tribot

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueh-Jaw Lin ◽  
Aaron Tegland
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Legged Robots ◽  
Walking Robots ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Motion Simulation ◽  
Walking Robot ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Weight Distributions

Abstract In recent years, walking robot research has become an important robotic research topic because walking robots possess mobility, as oppose to stationary robots. However, current walking robot research has only concentrated on even numbered legged robots. Walking robots with odd numbered legs are still lack of attention. This paper presents the study on an odd numbered legged (three-legged) walking robot — Tribot. The feasibility of three-legged walking is first investigated using computer simulation based on a scaled down tribot model. The computer display of motion simulation shows that a walking robot with three legs is feasible with a periodic gait. During the course of the feasibility study, the general design of the three-legged robot is also analyzed for various weights, weight distributions, and link lengths. In addition, the optimized design parameters and limitations are found for certain knee arrangements. These design considerations and feasibility study using computer display can serve as a general guideline for designing odd numbered legged robots.

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