scholarly journals The Effects of Anthocyanins in Purple Sweet Potato Extract to the Level MDA and NO Sputum Asymptomatic Smokers

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Putu Eka Arisanti ◽  
Helmia Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endogenous Nitric Oxide ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato

Backgrounds: Cigarette consist of 4000 chemical substances which can induce oxidative stress. In lungs, oxidative stress can cause lipid peroxidation, which produce MDA that leads to DNA damage, gene mutations, and loss of repair. Cigarette can also reduce the activity of endogenous Nitric Oxide (NO). Decrease of physiologic NO can cause dysfunction of the endothelium, pulmonary vasoconstriction, bronchospasm, mucous hypersecretion, reduction of mucociliary clearance, and airway remodeling. This damage can be prevented by antioxidant. The content of antosianin in purple cassava (purple sweet potato) is a potent antioxidant that can prevent oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to find out the effects of antosianin administration on MDA and NO sputum level in asymptomatic smoker. Methods: This study is an experimental study with randomized controlled trial pre–post test controlled group design, that performed on outpatient clinic of dr. Soetomo hospital. Results: The result of this study shows that MDA level in treatment group were significantly decrease P=0.0001 between pre (336,90 ng/ml) and post treatment (165,30 ng/ml) compare with control group that shows the opposite effect. In the control group, there was an increase of MDA level both before (416,00 ng/ml) and after placebo was given (476,00 ng/ml). The NO level in treatment group increase but it is not statistically significant between pre (40,80 ng/ml) and post treatment (78,30 ng/ml). The increase of NO level also occured in control group but it is not statistically significant between before (66,67 ng/ml) and after placebo was given (72,00 ng/ml), with the increment was higher in treatment group (6,66 ng/ml) compare with control group (0.53 ng/ml). Conclusions: The MDA sputum level were significantly decrease after the administration of antosianin extract from purple sweet potato in asymptomatic smoker. There were no significant increment of sputum NO level after the given of antosianin extract from purple sweet potato in asymptomatic smoker. (J Respir Indo 2018; 38(2): 64-74)

Facilitating access to iCBT: a randomized controlled trial assessing a translated version of an empirically validated program using a minimally monitored delivery model

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-202
Author(s):  
Miguel Robichaud ◽  
France Talbot ◽  
Nickolai Titov ◽  
Blake F. Dear ◽  
Heather D. Hadjistavropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Delivery Model

AbstractBackground:Despite its established efficacy, access to internet-delivered CBT (iCBT) remains limited in a number of countries. Translating existing programs and using a minimally monitored model of delivery may facilitate its dissemination across countries.Aims:This randomized control trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of an iCBT transdiagnostic program translated from English to French and offered in Canada using a minimally monitored delivery model for the treatment of anxiety and depression.Method:Sixty-three French speakers recruited in Canada were randomized to iCBT or a waiting-list. A French translation of an established program, the Wellbeing Course, was offered over 8 weeks using a minimally monitored delivery model. Primary outcome measures were the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), which were obtained pre-treatment, post-treatment and at 3-month follow-up.Results:Mixed-effects models revealed that participants in the treatment group had significantly lower PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores post-treatment than controls with small between-groups effect sizes (d = 0.34 and 0.37, respectively). Within-group effect sizes on primary outcome measures were larger in the treatment than control group. Clinical recovery rates on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were significantly higher among the treatment group (40 and 56%, respectively) than the controls (13 and 16%, respectively).Conclusions:The provision of a translated iCBT program using a minimally monitored delivery model may improve patients’ access to treatment of anxiety and depression across countries. This may be an optimal first step in improving access to iCBT before sufficient resources can be secured to implement a wider range of iCBT services.

scholarly journals Anthocyanin Derived from Purple Sweet Potato Water Extracts Ameliorated Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Mechanical Allodynia, and Cold Allodynia among Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 529-536
Author(s):  
I Putu Eka Widyadharma ◽  
Thomas Eko Purwata ◽  
Dewa Ngurah Suprapta ◽  
A. A. Raka Sudewi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Chronic Constriction Injury ◽  
Pain Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cold Allodynia ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato

BACKGROUND: Nerve injury leads to multiple events, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and glial cells activation, which all bring about the neuropathic pain condition. Any alternative novel treatment modalities from natural products are thus highly anticipated, given the account that current treatments for neuropathic pain have not generated any satisfactory efficacy. AIM: This study aims to address the pleiotropic effects of water extracts from the purple sweet potato (PSP) (Ipomoea batatas L.) as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive agent to alleviate neuropathic pain behavior. METHODS: This is a randomized post-test control group design using chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat models. Thirty-two Wistar rats (34 survived until the end of study period) fulfilling the eligible criteria were randomized into either treatment or control group. Treatment group received water extracts of PSP containing 400 mg/kg of body weight/d of anthocyanin for 28 days. Antioxidant activity was evaluated from malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated from prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Neuropathic pain was assessed from the animal’s behavioral responses toward mechanical and cold allodynia. RESULTS: The results showed that mean MDA levels of treatment group were significantly lower than control group (0.291 ± 0.046 μmol vs. 0.394 ± 0.057 μmol; p < 0.001). Furthermore, treatment group’s PGE2 levels were also significantly lower than control’s (0.342 ± 0.096 ng/mL vs. 0.431 ± 0.061 ng/mL; p = 0.004). In addition, neuropathic pain behavior comprising mechanical and cold allodynia were significantly milder among treatment group than in the control group during the observation period (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PSP water extracts had been shown to ameliorate oxidative stress, as well as exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects and was able to suppress neuropathic pain behavior in Wistar rats with peripheral nerve injury.

Psychodynamic therapy for adolescents suffering from co-morbid disorders of conduct and emotions in an in-patient setting: a randomized controlled trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2213-2222 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Salzer ◽  
C. Cropp ◽  
U. Jaeger ◽  
O. Masuhr ◽  
A. Streeck-Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Academic Failure ◽  
Psychodynamic Therapy ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Global Severity Index ◽  
Randomized Controlled

BackgroundCo-morbid disorders of conduct and emotions can be regarded as childhood antecedents of further negative developments (e.g. manifestation of personality disorders in adulthood). We evaluated a manualized psychodynamic therapy (PDT) for adolescents with these co-morbid disorders.MethodIn a randomized controlled trial (RCT), 66 adolescents diagnosed with mixed disorders of conduct and emotions (F92 in ICD-10) were randomly assigned to a manualized in-patient PDT group or a waiting list/treatment-as-usual (WL/TAU) control condition. Diagnoses according to DSM-IV were also documented. Patients were compared using rates of remission as the primary outcome. The Global Severity Index (GSI) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used as secondary measures. Assessments were performed at baseline, post-treatment and at the 6-month follow-up.ResultsThe sample consisted of severely impaired adolescents with high rates of further co-morbid disorders and academic failure. Patients in the treatment group had a significantly higher rate of remission [odds ratio (OR) 26.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.42–108.55, p < 0.001]. Compared with the control group, the PDT group resulted in significantly better outcomes on the SDQ (p = 0.04) but not the GSI (p = 0.18), with small between-group effect sizes (SDQ: d = 0.38, GSI: d = 0.18). However, the scores of patients treated with PDT were post-treatment no longer significantly different from normative data on the GSI and within the normal range on the SDQ. The effects in the treatment group were stable at follow-up. Furthermore, most patients were reintegrated into educational processes.ConclusionPDT led to remarkable improvement and furthered necessary preconditions for long-term stabilization. In future, PDT should be compared to other strong active treatments.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam) terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Ldl Tikus Hiperkolesterolemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Siti Fatimah ◽  
Yuliana Prasetyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato ◽  
Sweet Potato Leaves

Hypercholesterolemia is still a health problem today because it is associated with the onset of cardiovascular disorders with various complications. High cholesterol levels carried by the blood will accumulate in the arteries that cause atherosclerosis. Blood clots and blockage of blood vessels can result in the stroke or heart attack. Flavonoids that are found in purple sweet potato leaves are quercetin. Quercetin has antioxidant effects that can improve blood vessel endothelial function, reduce LDL sensitivity to free radical effects, and reduce blood lipid levels. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of purple sweet potato leaves on LDL cholesterol level of hypercholesterolemia rat. The experiment was conducted experimentally using 2 groups of Wistar rats (each group consisting of 5 tails), namely the control group and the treatment group. Induction of hypercholesterolemia was performed with a high-fat diet for 7 days. The purple sweet potato ethanol extract was administered sonde in the treatment group with a quercetin dose of 2 mg /kg/day for 14 days and the measurement of LDL cholesterol was performed on days 10 and 24 by the CHOD-PAP method. Data were analyzed by Paired t-test. The results showed that LDL cholesterol level in the treatment group showed that 5 mice had decreased, the mean decrease of 32,49 mg/dl while control group 3 decreasing, mean 0,65 mg /dl. There was a significant difference (p <0.05) on changes in LDL cholesterol levels in the treatment group. Provision of purple sweet potato ethanol extract with quercetin dose of 2 mg/kg for 14 days can decrease LDL cholesterol level of hypercholesterolemia rat. From the results of this study is expected to optimize the utilization of purple sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) as a drug for lowering LDL cholesterol.

Electroacupuncture for post-stroke overactive bladder: a multi-centre pilot randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 096452842092548
Author(s):  
Haiyong Chen ◽  
Changde Wang ◽  
Minjie Zhou ◽  
Pui Yan Chan ◽  
Lo Lo Yam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bladder Diary ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background Although acupuncture has been shown to be effective at treating overactive bladder (OAB) following stroke, to our knowledge, no randomized controlled trial (RCT) examining the effects of acupuncture on patients with post-stroke OAB has been conducted. The aim of this preliminary study was to explore the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) in the treatment of post-stroke OAB. Methods This study was a multi-site randomized, assessor-blind, controlled pilot trial of patients with post-stroke OAB. In all, 34 post-stroke subjects (mean age: 71.0 years; 32.4% female) with OAB symptoms were randomly assigned to the treatment group or control group in a 1:1 ratio. The subjects in the treatment group were treated with six sessions of EA for 4 weeks, while the subjects in the control group received usual care. The primary outcome measure was the overactive bladder symptom scale (OABSS). Secondary outcome measures included a three day bladder diary and the stroke-specific quality-of-life scale (SSQoL). Results EA showed a moderate effect size (ES) on the perceived severity of OAB symptoms as measured by the OABSS at week 5 (one week post-treatment, ES 0.57; p = 0.034) and week 8 (three weeks post-treatment, ES 0.60; p = 0.021), although the results did not remain statistically significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. No significant differences in bladder diary parameters or SSQoL score were found. The EA treatment was well tolerated by the post-stroke subjects. Conclusion A six-session EA treatment was feasible and appeared to reduce OAB symptoms in post-stroke patients. Further fully powered trials are warranted to confirm the efficacy of EA for those with post-stroke OAB.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Zemedy, a Mobile Digital Therapeutic for the Self-Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: a Cross-Over, Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Hunt ◽  
Sofia Miguez ◽  
Benji Dukas ◽  
Obinna Onwude ◽  
Sarah White
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Intent To Treat

BACKGROUND Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) experience abdominal pain, altered bowel habits, and defecation-related anxiety which can result in reduced productivity and impaired health related quality of life (HRQL). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to reduce symptoms of IBS and to improve HRQL, but access to qualified therapists is limited. Smartphone-based digital therapeutic interventions have the potential to increase access to guided CBT at scale but require careful study to assess their benefits and risks. OBJECTIVE To test the efficacy of a novel app, Zemedy - a mobile digital therapeutic that delivers a comprehensive CBT program to individuals with IBS. METHODS This was a cross-over randomized controlled trial (registration number NCT04170686). Participants were recruited online. Patients were randomly allocated to either immediate treatment (N = 62) or waitlist control (N = 59). The Zemedy app consists of 8 modules focusing on psychoeducation, relaxation training, exercise, the cognitive model of stress management, applying CBT to IBS symptoms, reducing avoidance through exposure therapy and behavioral experiments, and information about diet. Users interact with a chatbot that presents the information and encourages specific plans, homework and exercises. The treatment was fully automated, with no therapist involvement or communication. At baseline and after 8 weeks, participants were asked to complete the battery of primary (Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QoL), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS)) and secondary outcome measures (the Fear of Food Questionnaire (FFQ), the Visceral Sensitivity Index (VSI), the GI Cognition Questionnaire (GI-COG), the Depression, Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)). Waitlist controls were then offered the opportunity to cross over. All participants were assessed one more time at 3 months post-treatment completion. RESULTS Both intent-to-treat and completer analyses at post-treatment revealed significant improvement for the immediate treatment group compared to the waitlist control group on both primary and secondary outcome measures. Gains were generally maintained at 3 months post-treatment. Scores on the GSRS, IBS-QoL, GI-COG, and VSI all improved significantly more in the treatment group [F(1,79) = 20.49, P < .001, Cohen’s d = 1.01; F(1,79) = 20.12, P < .001, d = 1.25; F(1,79) = 34.71, P < .001, d = 1.47 and F(1,79) = 18.7, P < .001, d = 1.07]. Fear of food also decreased for the treatment group relative to the control group [F(1,79) = 12.13, P = .001, d = .62]. Depression improved significantly as measured by both the PHQ9 [F(1,79) = 10.5, P = .002, d = 1.07] and the DASS Depression Subscale [F(1,79) = 6.03, P = .016, d = .83], as did the stress subscale of the DASS [F(1,79) = 4.47, P = .04, d = .65] in the completer analysis but not the intent-to-treat analysis. The impact of treatment on HRQL was mediated by reductions in catastrophizing and visceral sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Despite its relatively benign physical profile, IBS can be an extraordinarily debilitating condition. Zemedy is an effective modality to deliver CBT for individuals with IBS, and could increase accessibility of this evidence based treatment. CLINICALTRIAL This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04170686

Effect of purple sweet potato leaves consumption on exercise-induced oxidative stress and IL-6 and HSP72 levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1710-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Hsin Chang ◽  
Shene-Pin Hu ◽  
Ying-Fen Huang ◽  
Tzu-Shao Yeh ◽  
Jen-Fang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Sweet Potato Leaves

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of purple sweet potato leaves (PSPL) consumption on oxidative stress markers in a healthy, nontrained, young male population after completing a running exercise protocol. A crossover design was applied, with 15 subjects participating in a two-step dietary intervention period. Each subject was given a high- (PSPL group) or low-polyphenol (control group) diet for 7 days with a 14-day washout period. After each dietary intervention period, all subjects performed 1 h of treadmill running at a speed corresponding to 70% of each subject's individual maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max). Blood samples were taken before exercise and at 0, 1, and 3 h after exercise. Compared with the control group, PSPL consumption significantly increased plasma total polyphenols concentration and total antioxidant power (i.e., the ferric-reducing ability of plasma) in the PSPL group. The markers of oxidative damage, plasma TBARS and protein carbonyl, significantly decreased. Plasma IL-6 concentration also decreased. However, no significant difference was found in HSP72 levels between the two groups. These findings indicate that consuming a high-polyphenol diet for 7 days can modulate antioxidative status and decrease exercise-induced oxidative damage and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion.

Pengaruh Profilaksis Ekstrak Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.) terhadap Kadar Malondialdehida Hepar Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Karagenan

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
BRILIAN DINANTI ◽  
FITRI HANDAJANI
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intraplantar Injection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Potato Extract ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato

<p>Liver is an organ with complex metabolism. When the liver is inflamed, cellular immunity will defend against inflammatory agents by stimulating immune cells to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS accumulation cause oxydative stress with increased  liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Some researches showed that purple sweet potato contain flavonoids (anthocyanins) that functioned as antioxydants. This study aimed to show the prophylactic effect of purple sweet potato extract to the liver MDA level of male Wistar rats induced by carrageenan.</p><p>This study used post-only control group method using 18 male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups: group of rats without treatment, group of rats induced by 0,1 ml of 1% carrageenan by intraplantar injection on day-8, and group of rats given with 872 mg/kgBW of purple sweet potato extract for 7 days and induced by 0,1 ml of 1% carrageenan. In the end of the study, the liver MDA levels were measured by Thio-Barbituric Acid method on each groups.</p><p>The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed there was no significant difference (p = 0,290) between group of rats without treatment (<em>x̅</em>= 207,50) and group of rats induced by carrageenan (<em>x̅</em>=233,17). Then, there is no significant difference (p = 0.978) between group of rats induced by carrageenan and group of rats given with prophylactic purple sweet potato extract and induced by carrageenan (<em>x̅</em>= 232,50).</p><p>The conclusion of this study is giving intraplantar injection of carrageenan can increase liver MDA level insignificantly and giving prophylactic purple sweet potato extract has an effect to decrease the liver MDA level of rats induced by carragenan insignificantly because it contains anthocyanins as antioxidants.</p><p> </p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Liver, <em>Ipomoea batatas</em> L., Malondialdehyde, Anthocyanins

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN FRAKSI ETILASETAT KULIT UBI JALAR UNGU TERHADAP KADAR MALONDIALDEHID (MDA) SERUM MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN HIPERGLIKEMIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Ria Afrianti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato

This study aims to determine the effect giving of ethylacetate fraction of leather  purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam, on levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) serum in mice hyperglicemia were induced with streptozocin dose of 50 mg/kgBW. Mice were divided into 5 groups, each group consisting of 3 tails, group I is a negative control, group II is a positive control, group III,IV and V is given ethylacetate fraction a dose of 100 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW, and 600 mg/kgBW. Ethyl Acetate Fraction leather purple sweet potato given orally for 15 days after the animal is declared hyperglicemia and measurement of blood glucose levels on 5, 10, and 15 day after giving test preparation in animal experiments. On the 16 day throughout the mice were taken serum levels measured malondialdehid. The statistical analysis results showed that giving of ethyl acetate fraction of leather purple sweet potato at a dose of 100 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW, and 600 mg/kgBW can lower blood glucose levels in mice hyperglycemia significantly (p<0.05). Malondialdehid levels on average in each group is 1.35 nmol/ml, 3.00 nmol/ml, 2.72 nmol/ml, 2.20 nmol/ml and 2.61 nmol/ml, the results of statistical analysis showed a decrease in melondialdehid serum levels were significantly (p<0.05), where a dose of 300 mg/kgBW is an effective dose for lowering blood glucose levels followed by decreased levels of malondialdehid which give effect approaching negative control.

Effectiveness of sustained natural apophyseal glides in females with cervicogenic headache: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kashif ◽  
Nosheen Manzoor ◽  
Rimsha Safdar ◽  
Hafsa Khan ◽  
Maryam Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Cervicogenic Headache ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Head Positioning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neck Disability

BACKGROUND: Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a common condition that results in significant disability. To treat this dysfunction, Mulligan described sustained natural apophyseal gliders (SNAGs) as a manual therapy approach. However, only inconclusive short-term evidence exists for treating CGH with SNAGs. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to investigate the effect of SNAGs in the treatment of CGH. METHODS: Fourty female patients ranging from 20 to 40 years with CGH were randomly assigned to two groups: 20 in a treatment group and 20 in a control group. SNAGs were applied to the treatment group while the control group received placebo treatment. Both groups received their respective treatment for 20 minutes, alternately three times per week, for a total of 12 times in four weeks. The outcome measures were the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Participants were assessed at baseline and at the end of each week. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Independent t-testing was used to reveal changes between groups. One-way ANOVA was used to determine changes within groups. The level of significance was P< 0.05. RESULTS: Twenty participants (100%) in the treatment group and 17 (85%) in the control group had a history of headache aggravation with active movements or passive head positioning. There was no significant difference at baseline (p> 0.05), indicating that both groups were homogeneous at the time of recruitment. The p value (p< 0.05) showed a significant difference in pain and level of disability at three and four weeks (p< 0.05) in patients treated with SNAGs. However, the cervical range of motion (ROM) showed a statistically significant improvement in flexion and extension in the treatment group (p< 0.05) while there was no significant improvement in side flexion and rotation ROM in both groups (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study found that SNAGs were effective in reducing pain and neck disability and improved ROM in females with CGH.

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