scholarly journals «Sei troppo effemminato. / Di femmina son nato». Infrazione di codici e fluidità di genere in alcuni libretti d’opera del Seicento veneziano

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 101-124
Author(s):  
Alessandro Melis
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Religious Controversy ◽  
Definition Of

The fear that man, subjected to practices considered emasculating, could “regress” to the female state was culturally central in the early modern definition of the man-woman polarity. In this context, effeminacy was used as a stigma against practices to be banned or controlled and was among the main accusations raised by the religious controversy against the emerging professional theatre. Through the close reading of some librettos produced in Venice between 1641 and 1668, the essay aims to show how the authors appropriated some tòpoi of the antitheatrical controversy, building an artistic acrobatics in which love was seen as a “disease” capable of removing the hero’s virility and was observed within a practice (theatre, and especially opera) which was itself considered effeminate and emasculating. The essay revolves around a progressive intensification of ambiguities, transvestitisms and allusions, showing how the librettists of Venetian opera also attempted an investigation of gender codes at the textual level and pushed themselves to the limit beyond which the mechanism of censorship inevitably triggered.

scholarly journals Kobiece reguły gry. Spór o kobiety w dialogu Il merito delle donne Moderaty Fonte

Terminus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3 (56)) ◽  
pp. 209-232
Author(s):  
Maja Skowron
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Lively Discussion ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Querelle Des Femmes ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Famous Book ◽  
Johan Huizinga ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Voluntary Basis ◽  
Rules Of The Game

Women’s Rules of the Game: A Dispute over Women in the Dialogue Il merito delle donne by Moderata Fonte This paper concerns Moderata Fonte (Modesta dal Pozzo), a female Venetian writer who lived in the 16th century, and a dialogue she wrote, Il merito delle donne (On the Value of Women), in which seven women gathered in a garden have a lively discussion about men and their flaws. The author of the study presents the book and Fonte’s biography in the context of the early-modern dispute over women (querelle des femmes). She then analyses Il merito delle donne in terms of the functionality of both the genre in which it was written and the convention of play (game) that is relevant to the work, in order to answer the question of the importance of these devices for the topic Fonte raises. Skowron writes about what makes Il merito delle donne different from other dialogues published at the time by women, as well as from Balthazar Castiglione’s famous Book of the Courtier (Il libro del Cortegiano), and in discussing the motif of the play she uses the definition of the ludic element of Johan Huizinga of Homo ludens. She points to the presence of particular determinants of play in Il merito delle donne, wondering how the voluntary basis of the game, limited time and space, imposed rules or a situation different from ordinary life affect the female characters’ freedom to express their opinions in discussion, as well as the reception of the work itself. Il merito delle donne owes its unique character to its form because it allows not only different views in a dispute over women to be presented, but above all it involves the reader in a discussion which does not end with the last page of the dialogue.

Reviews: Milton and Religious Controversy: Satire and Polemic in, the Life of John Milton: A Critical Biography, the Puritan Millenium: Literature and Theology, 1550–1682, Rousseau, Robespierre and English Romanticism, Romantic Wars: Studies in Culture and Conflict, 1793–1822, Letters from Revolutionary France, the Victorian Working-Class Writer, Representations of Childhood Death, Victorian Culture and the Idea of the Grotesque, Women's Leisure in England, 1920–60KingJohn N., Milton and Religious Controversy: Satire and Polemic in Paradise Lost, Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. xx + 227, £42.50.LewalskiBarbara K., The Life of John Milton: A Critical Biography , Blackwell, 2000, pp. xvii + 777, illustrated, £25.00.GribbenCrawford, The Puritan Millenium: Literature and Theology, 1550–1682 , Four Courts Press, 2000, pp. 219, £39.50; PooleKristen, Radical Religion from Shakespeare to Milton: Figures of Nonconformity in Early Modern England , Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. xiii + 257, £40.DartGregory, Rousseau, Robespierre and English Romanticism , Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. xi + 288, £37.50.ShawPhilip (ed.), Romantic Wars: Studies in Culture and Conflict, 1793–1822 , Ashgate, 2000, pp. xii + 233, £45.TenchWatkin, Letters from Revolutionary France , ed. Gavin Edwards, University of Wales Press, 2001, pp. xxxviii + 186, £20.00, £9.99 pb.AshtonOwen and RobertsStephen, The Victorian Working-Class Writer , Cassell, 1999, pp. viii + 164, £45; HaywoodIan (ed.), Chartist Fiction , Ashgate, 1999, pp. xv + 200, £40.AveryGillian and ReynoldsKimberley (eds), Representations of Childhood Death , Macmillan, 2000, pp. 246, £45; DeverCarolyn, Death and the Mother from Dickens to Freud: Victorian Fiction and the Anxiety of Origins , Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 233, £35.TroddColin, BarlowPaul and AmigoniDavid (eds), Victorian Culture and the Idea of the Grotesque , Ashgate Press, 1999, pp. xiv + 212, £47.50.LanghamerClaire, Women's Leisure in England, 1920–60 , Manchester University Press, 2000, pp. xi + 220, £15.99 pb.

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-122
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Corns ◽  
Ivan Roots ◽  
Newton Key ◽  
Irene Collins ◽  
Philip W. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
John Milton ◽  
Victorian Culture ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Victorian Fiction ◽  
Religious Controversy ◽  
Childhood Death ◽  
Literature And Theology ◽  
The Grotesque

Breeched and Unbridled: Bifurcated Equestrian Garments for Women in Early Modern Europe

Costume ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-185
Author(s):  
Valerio Zanetti
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Affective Meaning ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Modern Europe

This article discusses the wearing of bifurcated equestrian garments for women in early modern Europe. Considering visual representations as well as documentary sources, the first section examines the fashion for red riding breeches between the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Worn for their comfort and functionality in the saddle, these garments were also invested with powerful symbolic and affective meaning. The second section provides new insights about female equestrian outfits in late seventeenth-century France. Through the close reading of two written accounts, the author sheds light on the use of breeches as undergarments in the saddle and discusses the appearance of a hybrid riding uniform that incorporated knee-length culottes. By presenting horsewomen who wore bifurcated garments in the pursuit of leisure rather than transgression, this study revises historical narratives that cast the breeched woman exclusively as a symbol of gender upheaval.

Dostoevsky and the Word “Jew”: A Quantitative Analysis of F.M. Dostoevsky’s Greatest Novels

Libri ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yigal Nirenberg ◽  
Gila Prebor
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Digital Humanities ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Distant Reading ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Great Writer ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship of F.M Dostoevsky with Jews attracted the attention of numerous scholars throughout the years, many of whom attempted to grapple with the views of the great writer and their origin. In this article we will attempt to show this relationship by analyzing six of Dostoevsky’s greatest novels, written through the entirety of his career. We are analyzing these novels using Distant Reading in conjunction with Close Reading, tools that are commonly used in the field of digital humanities, which enabled us to show visually the extent of F.M. Dostoevsky’s engagement with this topic. The study poses two research questions: 1. To what extent did the writer use the more denigrating term “Zhid”? 2. Can we see a correlation between the writer’s portrayal of Jews with the definition of Anti-Semitism as it was known during his era? The obtained results show that there is clearly a correlation between the definition of anti-Semitism as it was understood at the time of Dostoevsky and the “Jew” as depicted in his novels, as the financial motif is paramount in the depiction of Jews as this is the central topic in 49% of the negative sentences in which the word “Jew” appears, with 59% of these sentences classified as stereotypes. The negative financial stereotype constitutes 32% of the entire corpus. In addition, we found the term “Zhid” is commonly used by the writer, a variation of which constitutes 75% of the total terms used to depict Jews.

Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam: An Insight on Entrepreneurial Behaviour in the Dutch Republic

2008 ◽  
pp. 15-32
Author(s):  
Cátia Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter provides a case study of the entrepreneurship of Portuguese Jewish merchants in the Dutch Republic in the Early Modern period. Though similar case studies exist, none have focused specifically on Jewish entrepreneurs. The core aim is to determine which business strategies and values the Jewish entrepreneurs shared with their Dutch counterparts. It provides a history of the Portuguese Jewish community in Amsterdam, followed by a definition of the early modern entrepreneur. It then examines the trade routes, products, range of trading capital, and social networks of the Portuguese Jewish entrepreneurs, and concludes that Portuguese Jewish and Dutch merchants operated their businesses in similar ways, but Portuguese Jewish merchants were willing to step out of their religious and social boundaries in pursuit of a stronger economic position and were able to do so through financial support gained by dealing in diverse, high quality trade.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Lilo Moessner
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Old English ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Present Book ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Periods

This chapter sets the present book off against previous studies about the English subjunctive in the historical periods Old English (OE), Middle English (ME), and Early Modern English (EModE). The aim of the book is described as the first comprehensive and consistent description of the history of the present English subjunctive. The key term subjunctive is defined as a realisation of the grammatical category mood and an expression of the semantic/pragmatic category root modality. The corpus used in the book is part of The Helsinki Corpus of English Texts, comprising nearly half a million words in 91 files. The research method adopted is a combination of close reading and computational analysis.

25 March 1616

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-195
Author(s):  
Lena Cowen Orlin
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Personal Meaning ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Second Best

This chapter is a close reading of William Shakespeare’s last will of 25 March 1616. The three-page document, signed by Shakespeare on each page, comprises one page from an earlier will and two new pages. Thorough revision was required in consequence of the February marriage of Shakespeare’s daughter Judith to Thomas Quiney, the son of Richard and Elizabeth Quiney. Shakespeare ensured that Judith was provided for and protected in the eventuality of her husband’s death. His principal heir was his older daughter Susanna, who had married the physician John Hall. The chapter reviews many aspects of early modern inheritance, including the duties of executors, customs surrounding children’s ‘portions’, and dower rights for widows. While other biographers doubt that Anne Shakespeare would have been protected by dower law, in fact her dower rights in the family’s property holdings were assured. Shakespeare also bequeathed her his second-best bed, and the chapter reviews evidence from other wills of the period about best beds, second-best beds, third- and fourth-best beds, and worst beds; it concludes that these were identifying terms (how to tell one bed from another) and not expressions of approval or disapproval. Like all men of property, Shakespeare concentrated on the distribution of property, and he made very few direct chattel gifts. For this reason, the goods he gave may have had personal meaning, and the chapter speculates about what that significance may have been.

Enlightenment Historians of Ireland and their Critics

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-198
Author(s):  
Nicholas Canny
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Political Consensus ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Irish Republic ◽  
Definition Of

Elite Catholics, who accepted Hanoverian rulers as legitimate, believed that Enlightenment historiography would show the Penal Laws to be unreasonable, and would necessitate a re-definition of the Irish political nation. When Hume, whom these elite members esteemed, endorsed Temple’s interpretation of the 1641 rebellion, they commissioned a philosophical history for Ireland to be written by Thomas Leland, a Protestant divine. Leland failed to meet the expectations of his sponsors by concluding, after a close study of early modern events, that a single Irish political nation would exist only when Catholics renounced allegiance to the Pope. Failure to reach political consensus was largely irrelevant because popular histories showed that concessions to elite Catholics would not have assuaged popular discontent. Moreover, urban radicals, notably Mathew Carey, contended that Enlightenment thinking suggested that a multi-denominational Irish nation could be imagined only in the context of an independent Irish Republic.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 213-216
Author(s):  
J. V. Fesko
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Roman Catholics

The conclusion summarizes the study. The doctrine stands in continuity with patristic versions and does not arise de novo in the sixteenth century. Roman Catholics were also some of the first sixteenth-century theologians to teach an Adamic covenant. The doctrine is a construct based on a good and necessary consequence. This means that the doctrine has a broad scriptural foundation. There are also different variants of the doctrine and even confessional formulations allow for a diversity of opinion. These points stand in contrast to the claims of critics who rarely engage a close reading of primary sources. Moreover, with the development of biblicism, critics have approached the question with a different hermeneutic methodology than early modern Reformed theologians. Lastly, one of the most important themes in the covenant of works is love, something that most critics of the doctrine fail to factor.

Arminianism

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Thomas H. McCall ◽  
Keith D. Stanglin
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Preliminary Description

Chapter 1 discusses the purpose of the book as an introduction to the historical development of Arminian theology. It then offers a preliminary description and definition of Arminianism. The late medieval and early modern background of Arminianism is summarized. This background includes a brief overview of the most well-known aspects of Arminius’s thought. The chapter concludes with an outline of the contents of the subsequent chapters.

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