scholarly journals Biocontrol agents and resistance inducers reduce Phytophthora crown rot (Phytophthora capsici) of sweet pepper in closed soilless culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-163
Author(s):  
Giovanna GILARDI ◽  
Athina VASILEIADOU ◽  
Angelo GARIBALDI ◽  
Maria Lodovica GULLINO
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Soilless Culture ◽  
Root Rots ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
Resistance Inducers

Twelve trials, in closed soilless culture under controlled conditions, were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of resistance inducers (based on K-phosphite and K-silicate used alone or in combination), and of experimental biocontrol agents (Trichoderma sp. TW2, a mixture of Pseudomonas FC 7B, FC 8B, and FC 9B, Fusarium solani FUS25, Pseudomonas sp. PB26), and a commercial formulation of Trichoderma gamsii + T. asperellum, against diseases caused by Phytophthora capsici of sweet pepper. The products were applied using three different protocols, and effects on incidence of Phytophthora crown, stem and root rots (% dead plants), disease development (area under the disease progress curve; AUDPC), and plant fresh weights were evaluated. Potassium phosphite, applied directly at standard P2O5:K2O, 1.30 + 1.05 g L-1) and at half standard rates, onto growing media, or via nutrient solution, and before infestation of peat plant growing medium with P. capsici, provided the best disease management in a dose-dependent manner, with an 80% reduction of Phytophthora crown, stem and root rots for the standard dosage and for both types of application. These treatments also reduced proportions of dead plants by 47% from the standard rate and by 62% at the half standard rate, when applied via the nutrient solution or directly to the substrate. K-silicate alone partially reduced the percentage of dead plants, with efficacy of 20–23%. No improvement in disease control was observed when K-silicate was applied in combination with phosphite, while K-silicate alone or combined with K-phosphite reduced disease development, compared to untreated controls. Biocontrol agents (BCAs), applied preventively, reduced Phytophthora crown, stem and root rots, with similar or better results than those from the commercial mixture of Trichoderma asperellum + T. gamsii. Among the tested BCAs, Fusarium solani FUS25 provided the most consistent disease reduction (60–65%) and gave increased plant fresh weights. All the tested BCAs reduced disease development, with a similar trend for different disease pressures. The least AUDPC values, compared to the non-treated controls, were from Fusarium solani FUS25, followed by the tested Pseudomonas strains and Trichoderma sp. TW2. These results indicate the potential for potassium phosphite and biocontrol agents in management of Phytophthora crown, stem and root rots of pepper grown in soilless systems.

scholarly journals In-vitro compatibility assay of indigenous Trichoderma and Pseudomonas species and their antagonistic activities against black root rot disease (Fusarium solani) of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Dugassa ◽  
Tesfaye Alemu ◽  
Yitbarek Woldehawariat
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Abstract Background Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivation is highly challenged by faba bean black root rot disease (Fusarium solani) in high lands of Ethiopia. To ensure sustainable production of faba beans, searching for eco-friendly disease management options is necessary to curb the progress of the disease timely. The indigenous biocontrol agents that suit local environments may effectively strive with in-situ microorganisms and suppress local pathogen strains. This study aimed to screen antagonistic indigenous compatible Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains against Fusarium solani. In the pathogenicity test, soil-filled pots were arranged in complete random block design and sown with health faba bean seeds. The effect of some fungicides was evaluated against Fusarium by food poisoning methods to compare with the biocontrol agents. The antagonistic efficacy of biocontrol agents and their compatibility was investigated on Potato dextrose agar medium. Results Fusarium solani AAUF51 strain caused an intense root rotting in faba bean plant. The effect of Mancozeb 80% WP at 300 ppm was comparable with Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains against Fusarium. The mycelial growth of test the pathogen was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced to 86.67 and 85.19% by Trichoderma harzianum AAUW1 and Trichoderma viridae AAUC22 strains in dual culture, respectively. The volatile metabolites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31 (77.78%) found the most efficient in reducing mycelial growth of Fusarium followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 (71.11%) strains. The cell-free culture filtrates of Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31 were more efficient than the Trichoderma strain in reducing the growth of Fusarium isolates. There was no zone of inhibition recorded between Trichoderma harzianum AAUW1, Trichoderma viridae AAUC22, Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31, and Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 strains, hence they were mutually compatible. Conclusions The compatible Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains showed antagonistic potentiality that could be explored for faba bean protection against black root rot disease and might have a future dual application as biocontrol agents.

Caractérisation ultrastructurale d'une résistance induite par un éliciteur d'origine fongique, chez un cultivar sensible de Piment

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Coulomb ◽  
P. J. Coulomb ◽  
I. Saimmaime ◽  
Y. Lizzi ◽  
C. Polian
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Lytic Function ◽  
Wall Appositions

Elicitation of a sensitive sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivar roots by immersion in the culture medium of Trichoderma album induces resistance in leaves infected by Phytophthora capsici. In infected tissues, host cells are intact and develop wall formations that look like typical wall appositions, but differ from them by the presence of a substance of cytoplasmic origin, which is phagocytized and degraded, conferring a lytic function and unusual dynamics to these structures. The involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum and peroxysomes in eventual detoxification processes is discussed. The resistance induced by this elicitor seems to be programmed by the establishment of a reactive physiological state, which produces the defense response.

scholarly journals Banana Moko disease management with resistance inducers and chlorine dioxide

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Joaquín Guillermo Ramírez G. ◽  
Melissa Muñoz A. ◽  
Luis Fernando Patiño H. ◽  
Juan Gonzalo Morales O.
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Potassium Phosphite ◽  
Resistance Inducers

The plant disease Moko, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is the most important bacterial disease in banana and plantain crops worldwide. In the present study, chlorine dioxide and seven resistance inducers in banana plants (Musa sp.) infected with this bacterium were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. For the evaluation of chlorine dioxide, three doses were used (10, 30 and 50 mg L-1). The evaluation of the resistance inducers included the following: sodium salicylate 0.4 g L-1; hydrogen peroxide 1 mM; potassium phosphite 1.5 mL L-1; 3-aminobutanoic acid 1.0 g L-1; methyl jasmonate 0.2 g L-1; acibenzolar-s-methyl 0.3 mL L-1 and chitosan 3.0 mg mL-1. The results showed a significant reduction of 74% in the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) value, which was calculated for the disease development when the injected chlorine dioxide dose was 50 mg L-1. The AUDPC value for the resistance inducers was reduced by 45.4% for chitosan, 75.5% for methyl jasmonate and 65.5% for 3-aminobutanoic acid. Therefore, the results indicated that these molecules have the potential to be used for control of the Moko disease.

scholarly journals Growth of sweet pepper plants submitted to water tensions in soil and potassium silicate doses

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Alexandre Igor A Pereira ◽  
João de Jesus Guimarães ◽  
João Victor Costa ◽  
Fernando S de Cantuário ◽  
Leandro C Salomão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Resistance Inducers ◽  
Pepper Plants

ABSTRACT Water stress compromises plant growth. Resistance inducers, such as potassium silicate (K2SiO3), can reduce negative effects of this stress on Solanaceae, Capsicum annuum. Plant height, stem diameter and leaf area may indicate the efficiency of potassium silicate foliarsprayagainst water stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of sweet pepper plants under water stress and K2SiO3 doses. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in a split-plot scheme in space. The treatments consisted of four soil water stresses: 15 kPa (field capacity), 25 (intermediate value), 35 and 45 kPa (water stress) and three doses of potassium silicate (0, 0.4 and 0.8 L 100 L-1 water), acting as resistance inducers to water stress. The resistance inducer maintained greater heights of the sweet pepper plants, under water stress (35 and 45 kPa) at the initial stage [(20 days after transplanting (DAT)]. Smaller plant diameters were observed at 80 and 100 DAT at 35 and 45 kPa. Sprays using K2SiO3 maintained sweet pepper leaf area with higher values, even under stress condition. The soil water tension from 35 kPa limited, in general, the plant growth. Growth responses in Capsicum annuum to K2SiO3, via foliar spraying, varied according to plant age, as well as the growth parameter considered in this experiment.

scholarly journals Phosphite effect on hot and sweet pepper reaction to Phytophthora capsici

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Cesar Sala ◽  
Cyro Paulino da Costa ◽  
Márcia de Moraes Echer ◽  
Marise Cagnin Martins ◽  
Sally Ferreira Blat
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Heterozygous Genotype ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Fruiting Stage ◽  
Resistant Lines

Phosphite has been recommended to enhance plant resistance against Phytophthora. This work evaluated the response of hot and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to Phytophthora capsici from juvenile up to the adult stage following treatment with phosphite. Sweet pepper hybrids considered to be resistant to P. capsici, like Reinger, Nathalie and Athenas, were evaluated. The susceptible checks were hybrid Magali R and cvs. Myr 10 and Ikeda. Hot pepper Criollo de Morelos 328, CM 334, BGH 3756, BGH 5122, CNPH 294 and Locorte were used as referential resistant lines. Phosphite did not have an effect on the hot pepper resistant lines because of their genetic homozygozity, while no protection was observed for the Athenas hybrid claimed to be resistant. Heterozygous hybrids recognized as resistant, like Reinger and Nathalie, showed higher survival following phosphite treatment, and their reaction was equivalent to the resistant cvs. CM 328 and CM 334, except for the fruiting stage. Depending of the hybrid heterozygous genotype, phosphite possibly acts through indirect phytoalexin induction through the inhibited pathogen.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Cymbopogon citratus Oil Encapsulated in Chitosan on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Isolated from Capsicum annuum

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4447
Author(s):  
Adriana Patricia Tofiño-Rivera ◽  
Glorismar Castro-Amaris ◽  
Fánor Casierra-Posada
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Effective Period ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Etiological Agents

One of the principal etiological agents associated with losses in horticultural crops is the fungus Colletotrichum sp. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of the essential oil (EO) from Cymbopogon citratus in chitosan supports for the control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from sweet pepper plants. Methods: The extraction and phytochemical analysis of the EO of C. citratus were performed along with its encapsulation in chitosan-agar in order to compare it with other techniques and determine its effect on C. gloeosporioides. Results: The EO from the citral chemotype (58%) encapsulated in the chitosan-agar, with an 83% encapsulation efficiency in mass percentage, resulted in the total inhibition of mycelial growth at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1370 ppm. This concentration was effective in controlling the disease under greenhouse conditions. The effectivity of the capsules containing EO was superior to that of other controls using EO evaluated in vitro. The capsules demonstrated an effective period of 51 days, with an additional 30 days of effectiveness after a reinfection cycle, thus providing similar results to the control with Trichoderma sp. Conclusions: Chitosan capsules present a promising strategy in the use of C. citratus EO on C. gloeosporioides, and they are highly effective and stable under in vitro and field conditions

scholarly journals Effects of biocontrol agents and compost against the Phytophthora capsici of zucchini and their impact on the rhizosphere microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 103659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alexandra Cucu ◽  
Giovanna Gilardi ◽  
Massimo Pugliese ◽  
Ilario Ferrocino ◽  
Maria Lodovica Gullino
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Biocontrol Agents

Seasonality of forest soil microfungi in southern Quebec

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1413-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Widden
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Paecilomyces Fumosoroseus ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
Penicillium Purpurogenum ◽  
Trichoderma Koningii ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Gliomastix Murorum ◽  
Seasonal Extremes

Data on microfungi isolated from the soils of four forests in southern Quebec were analysed, to detect seasonal changes in the community. Two-way analysis of variance showed that significant changes occurred for individual species, both between sites and sample times, and that significant season–site interactions occurred. Discriminant analysis showed that at all sites, there was a tendency for the community to shift towards a characteristic winter community during the colder periods of the year. Geomyces pannorus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Pae. marquandii, Penicillium purpurogenum, Trichoderma koningii, T. polysporum, Botryotrichum piluliferum, Chrysosporum verrucosum, and Exophiala sp. LP111 were associated with samples from the colder months, in one or more of the sites. Sterile fungi, Fusarium solani, T. harzianum, T. hamatum, Pen. thomii, and Staphyotrichum coccosporum tended to be associated with the warmer months. There was also a tendency for samples from the seasonal "extremes" (warm dry summer samples and cold winter samples) to show some similarities. It is suggested that this trend may exist because fungi abundant during relatively unfavorable times of the year are not good competitors and therefore should be considered as "survivors." In this study, Exophiala sp. LP111, Gliomastix murorum, Paecilomyces carneus, T. viride, and Trichoderma sp. LP58 may fall into this category.

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