scholarly journals Vertical Stacked LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Voltage Regulator ◽  
Switched Capacitor ◽  
Switched Capacitor Circuits ◽  
Coupled Inductors ◽  
Current Sharing ◽  
Charging Current ◽  
In Series ◽  
Switched Capacitor Converter

<div>This paper presents a 48 V–1 V merged-two-stage hybrid-switched-capacitor converter with a Linear Extendable Group Operated Point-of-Load (LEGO-PoL) architecture for ultra-high-current microprocessors, featuring 3-D stacked packaging and coupled inductors for miniaturized size and vertical power delivery. The architecture is highly modular and scalable. The switched capacitor circuits are connected in series on the input side to split the high input voltage into multiple stacked voltage domains. The multiphase buck circuits are connected in parallel to distribute the high output current into multiple parallel current paths. It leverages the advantages of switched capacitor circuits and multiphase buck circuits to achieve soft charging, current sharing, and voltage balancing. The inductors of the multiphase buck converters are used as current sources to soft-charge and soft-switch the switched-capacitor circuits, and the switched-capacitor circuits are utilized to ensure current sharing among the multiphase buck circuits. A 780 A vertical stacked CPU voltage regulator with a peak efficiency of 91.1% and a full load efficiency of 79.2% at an output voltage of 1 V with liquid cooling is built and tested. This is the first demonstration of a 48 V–1 V CPU voltage regulator to achieve over 1 A/mm2 current density and the first to achieve 1,000 W/in3 power density. It regulates output voltage between 0.8 V and 1.5 V through the entire 780 A current range.</div>

scholarly journals Vertical Stacked LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Voltage Regulator ◽  
Switched Capacitor ◽  
Switched Capacitor Circuits ◽  
Coupled Inductors ◽  
Current Sharing ◽  
Charging Current ◽  
In Series ◽  
Switched Capacitor Converter

<div>This paper presents a 48 V–1 V merged-two-stage hybrid-switched-capacitor converter with a Linear Extendable Group Operated Point-of-Load (LEGO-PoL) architecture for ultra-high-current microprocessors, featuring 3-D stacked packaging and coupled inductors for miniaturized size and vertical power delivery. The architecture is highly modular and scalable. The switched capacitor circuits are connected in series on the input side to split the high input voltage into multiple stacked voltage domains. The multiphase buck circuits are connected in parallel to distribute the high output current into multiple parallel current paths. It leverages the advantages of switched capacitor circuits and multiphase buck circuits to achieve soft charging, current sharing, and voltage balancing. The inductors of the multiphase buck converters are used as current sources to soft-charge and soft-switch the switched-capacitor circuits, and the switched-capacitor circuits are utilized to ensure current sharing among the multiphase buck circuits. A 780 A vertical stacked CPU voltage regulator with a peak efficiency of 91.1% and a full load efficiency of 79.2% at an output voltage of 1 V with liquid cooling is built and tested. This is the first demonstration of a 48 V–1 V CPU voltage regulator to achieve over 1 A/mm2 current density and the first to achieve 1,000 W/in3 power density. It regulates output voltage between 0.8 V and 1.5 V through the entire 780 A current range.</div>

scholarly journals Implementation of Buck-Boost Converter as Low Voltage Stabilizer at 15 V

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2230
Author(s):  
Suwarno Suwarno ◽  
Tole Sutikno
Keyword(s):  
Power Electronics ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Boost Converter ◽  
Voltage Stabilizer ◽  
Voltage Regulator ◽  
Output Current ◽  
Converter Design

<p>This paper presents the implementation of the buck-boost converter design which is a power electronics applications that can stabilize voltage, even though the input voltage changes. Regulator to stabilize the voltage using PWM pulse that triger pin 2 on XL6009. In this design of buck-boost converter is implemented using the XL6009, LM7815 and TIP2955. LM7815 as output voltage regulator at 15V with 1A output current, while TIP2955 is able to overcome output current up to 5A. When the LM7815 and TIP2955 are connected in parallel, the converter can increase the output current to 6A.. Testing is done using varied voltage sources that can be set. The results obtained from this design can be applied to PV (Photovoltaic) and WP (Wind Power), with changes in input voltage between 3-21V dc can produce output voltage 15V.</p>

scholarly journals A Single-Phase Nine-Level Boost Inverter

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dai-Van Vo ◽  
Minh-Khai Nguyen ◽  
Duc-Tri Do ◽  
Youn-Ok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Power Switches ◽  
In Series ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Laboratory Prototype ◽  
Circuit Configuration

A novel single-phase nine-level boost inverter is proposed in this paper. The proposed inverter has an output voltage which is higher than the input voltage by switching capacitors in series and in parallel. The maximum output voltage of the proposed inverter is determined by using the boost converter circuit, which has been integrated into the circuit. The proposed topology is able to invert the multilevel voltage with the high step-up output voltage, simple structure and fewer power switches. In this paper, the circuit configuration, the operating principle, and the output voltage expression have been derived. The proposed converter has been verified by simulation and experiment with the help of PSIM software and a laboratory prototype. The experimental results match the theoretical calculation and the simulation results.

THE DESIGN OF A LI-ION BATTERY CHARGER BASED ON MULTIMODE LDO TECHNOLOGY

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (05) ◽  
pp. 947-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIA-CHUN TSAI ◽  
CHIN-YEN LIN ◽  
YUH-SHYAN HWANG ◽  
TRONG-YEN LEE
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Voltage Regulator ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Battery Charger ◽  
Charging Current ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
A Current

In this paper, we design a CMOS Li-Ion battery charger using the multimode low dropout (LDO) voltage regulator associated with a current sense to supply trickle current, constant current, and constant voltage for charging the battery in order. The protections from over charging and discharging are also considered by monitoring the charging current, reverse voltage, and battery temperature. The whole charger has been verified by HSPICE with TSMC 0.35 μm 2P4M CMOS process. The charger provides the trickle current of 150 mA, maximum charging current of 312 mA, and charging voltage of 4.2 V at the input voltage of 4.5 V. The power efficiency of 72.3% is acceptable under the power consumption of 1.28 W. The chip occupies an area of 1.78 mm × 1.77 mm including 2955 transistors.

scholarly journals PENGISIAN AKI DENGAN BUCK CONVERTER

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Yul Antonisfia ◽  
Era Madona
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Buck Converter ◽  
Flow Sensor ◽  
Voltage Output ◽  
Charging Current ◽  
Lower Voltage

Buck converter is one of DC chopper which has the function of stabilizing the voltage to lower voltage where the output voltage is lower than the input voltage without having to remove power is relatively large. By using a buck converter is a high voltage can be reduced to lower as you wish without losing power is relatively large. The voltage output of the buck converter is able to charge the battery. The magnitude of the output voltage depends dutycyle switching generated by the microcontroller. This tool is also equipped with a flow sensor is used to detect the charging current into the battery. If the charging current is reduced, the buzzer will sound. The tool is based microcontrollers using BASCOM ATMEGA8535, which can generate a PWM with dutycyle specified. Dutycyle determined the size of the input voltage and the desired output.

scholarly journals AC-AC voltage regulation by switch mode PWM Cûk voltage controller with improved performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palash K. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Control Circuit ◽  
Voltage Regulator ◽  
Error Signal ◽  
Constant Voltage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Switching Devices

In this research project, an AC Cûk voltage regulator has been proposed for maintaining constant voltage across the load during wide range of input voltage fluctuations. The proposed AC Ck voltage regulator made of practical IGBT switches has been investigated for both manual and automatic control circuit. A fraction of the output voltage is taken as the input voltage of the control circuit and produce the error signal if any changes occur in the output voltage. The modified error signal is used to make PWM signals for switching devices as per output voltage of regulator. The PWM controls the ON/OFF time (Duty cycle) of switching devices (IGBTs) of the proposed regulator. As a result the regulator is maintaining a constant voltage across the load during any change in supply voltage. The simulation waveforms and the calculated total harmonics distortion (THD) values are compared with previously studied AC Buck-Boost regulator. The observed simulated waveforms of output voltage, output current and input current and THD values have been improved in case of proposed AC Cûk voltage regulator.

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