scholarly journals Dynamics of aqueous “liquid marbles” in three dimensional biphasic systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Kushagra ◽  
Uddipan Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Liquid Marbles ◽  
Distant Interactions ◽  
Biphasic Systems

This work sheds light on the dynamics of aqueous droplets in hydrophobic environment as well as their distant interactions, reasoned by well-studied Cheerios effect.<br>

scholarly journals Dynamics of aqueous “liquid marbles” in three dimensional biphasic systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Kushagra ◽  
Uddipan Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Liquid Marbles ◽  
Distant Interactions ◽  
Biphasic Systems

This work sheds light on the dynamics of aqueous droplets in hydrophobic environment as well as their distant interactions, reasoned by well-studied Cheerios effect.<br>

scholarly journals Dynamics of Aqueous “Liquid Marbles” in Three Dimensional Biphasic Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Kushagra ◽  
Uddipan Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oblate Spheroid ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Viscous Drag ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Liquid Marbles ◽  
Hydrophobic Coating ◽  
Biphasic Systems

Liquid marbles are defined as hydrophilic liquid droplets that are coated with hydrophobic powdered materials. Till now, the behaviour of liquid marbles has been studied for triphasic systems comprising of the constituent hydrophilic phase, the hydrophobic coating and ambient air. In this article, we report the dynamics of aqueous droplets of varying pH (i.e. acidic, neutral and basic, respectively) moving under the influence of gravity in commonly available mustard oil. We find that the said dynamics could be divided into four parts: (i) formation of hanging aqueous droplets from the top surface of oil, (ii) oblate spheroid droplets moving at constant velocity due to viscous drag, (iii) distant repulsive interactions between two droplets due to &ldquo;reverse Cheerios effect&rdquo; and (iv) final impact between the two droplets explained by viscoelastic sliding friction over a compliant surface. This work would be of great interest to researchers working in the domain of interfacial phenomena like oil exploration, biomedical engineering, food technology and towards the realization of droplet-based microfluidic computational platforms for &ldquo;more than Moore&rsquo;s&rdquo; paradigm in the domain of unconventional computation.

Direct observation of active material interactions in flowable electrodes using X-ray tomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 511-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey B. Hatzell ◽  
Jens Eller ◽  
Samantha L. Morelly ◽  
Maureen H. Tang ◽  
Nicolas J. Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Carbon Particle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Static Structure ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Biphasic Systems

Understanding electrical percolation and charging mechanisms in electrochemically active biphasic flowable electrodes is critical for enabling scalable deionization (desalination) and energy storage. Flowable electrodes are dynamic material systems which store charge (remove ions) and have the ability to flow. This flow process can induce structural changes in the underlying material arrangement and result in transient and non-uniform material properties. Carbon-based suspensions are opaque, multi-phase, and three dimensional, and thus prior characterization of the structural properties has been limited to indirect methods (electrochemical and rheology). Herein, a range of mixed electronic and ionically conducting suspensions are evaluated to determine their static structure, function, and properties, utilizing synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM). The high brilliance of the synchrotron light enables deconvolution of the liquid and solid phases. Reconstruction of the solid phase reveals agglomeration cluster volumes between 10 μm3 and 103 μm3 (1 pL) for low loaded samples (5 wt% carbon). The largest agglomeration cluster in the low loaded sample (5 wt%) occupied only 3% of the reconstructed volume whereas samples loaded with 10 wt% activated carbon demonstrated electrically connected clusters that occupied 22% of the imaged region. The highly loaded samples (20 wt%) demonstrated clusters of the order of a microliter, which accounted for 63–85% of the imaged region. These results demonstrate a capability for discerning the structural properties of biphasic systems utilizing SRXTM techniques, and show that discontinuity in the carbon particle networks induces decreased material utilization in low-loaded flowable electrodes.

scholarly journals Capillary origami: superhydrophobic ribbon surfaces and liquid marbles

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen McHale ◽  
Michael I Newton ◽  
Neil J Shirtcliffe ◽  
Nicasio R Geraldi
Keyword(s):  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rigid Surface ◽  
Rigid Substrate ◽  
Elastic Substrate ◽  
Interfacial Tensions ◽  
Liquid Marbles ◽  
Interfacial Energies ◽  
Induced Folding ◽  
Solid Liquid

In the wetting of a solid by a liquid it is often assumed that the substrate is rigid. However, for an elastic substrate the rigidity depends on the cube of its thickness and so reduces rapidly as the substrate becomes thinner as it approaches becoming a thin sheet. In such circumstances, it has been shown that the capillary forces caused by a contacting droplet of a liquid can shape the solid rather than the solid shaping the liquid. A substrate can be bent and folded as a (pinned) droplet evaporates or even instantaneously and spontaneously wrapped on contact with a droplet. When this effect is used to create three dimensional shapes from initially flat sheets, the effect is called capillary origami or droplet wrapping. In this work, we consider how the conditions for the spontaneous, capillary induced, folding of a thin ribbon substrate might be altered by a rigid surface structure that, for a rigid substrate, would be expected to create Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel effects. For smooth thin substrates, droplet wrapping can occur for all liquids, including those for which the Young’s law contact angle (defined by the interfacial tensions) is greater than 90° and which would therefore normally be considered relatively hydrophobic. However, consideration of the balance between bending and interfacial energies suggests that the tendency for droplet wrapping can be suppressed for some liquids by providing the flexible solid surface with a rigid topographic structure. In general, it is known that when a liquid interacts with such a structure it can either fully penetrate the structure (the Wenzel case) or it can bridge between the asperities of the structure (the Cassie–Baxter case). In this report, we show theoretically that droplet wrapping should occur with both types of solid–liquid contact. We also derive a condition for the transition between the Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel type droplet wrapping and relate it to the same transition condition known to apply to superhydrophobic surfaces. The results are given for both droplets being wrapped by thin ribbons and for solid grains encapsulating droplets to form liquid marbles.

Dynamics of direct large-small scale couplings in coherently forced turbulence: concurrent physical- and Fourier-space views

1995 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 43-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Yeung ◽  
James G. Brasseur ◽  
Qunzhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fourier Space ◽  
Distant Interactions ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
Small Scales ◽  
Non Local

As discussed in a recent paper by Brasseur & Wei (1994), scale interactions in fully developed turbulence are of two basic types in the Fourier-spectral view. The cascade of energy from large to small scales is embedded within ‘local-to-non-local’ triadic interactions separated in scale by a decade or less. ‘Distant’ triadic interactions between widely disparate scales transfer negligible energy between the largest and smallest scales, but directly modify the structure of the smallest scales in relationship to the structure of the energy-dominated large scales. Whereas cascading interactions tend to isotropize the small scales as energy moves through spectral shells from low to high wavenumbers, distant interactions redistribute energy within spectral shells in a manner that leads to anisotropic redistributions of small-scale energy and phase in response to anisotropic structure in the large scales. To study the role of long-range interactions in small-scale dynamics, Yeung & Brasseur (1991) carried out a numerical experiment in which the marginally distant triads were purposely stimulated through a coherent narrow-band anisotropic forcing at the large scales readily interpretable in both the Fourier- and physical-space views. It was found that, after one eddy turnover time, the smallest scales rapidly became anisotropic as a direct consequence of the marginally distant triadic group in a manner consistent with the distant triadic equations. Because these asymptotic equations apply in the infinite Reynolds number limit, Yeung & Brasseur argued that the observed long-range effects should be applicable also at high Reynolds numbers.We continue the analysis of forced simulations in this study, focusing (i) on the detailed three-dimensional restructuring of the small scales as predicted by the asymptotic triadic equations, and (ii) on the relationship between Fourier- and physical-space evolution during forcing. We show that the three-dimensional restructuring of small-scale energy and vorticity in Fourier space from large-scale forcing is predicted in some detail by the distant triadic equations. We find that during forcing the distant interactions alter small-scale structure in two ways: energy is redistributed anisotropically within high-wavenumber spectral shells, and phase correlations are established at the small scales by the distant interactions. In the numerical experiments, the long-range interactions create two pairs of localized volumes of concentrated energy in three-dimensional Fourier space at high wavenumbers in which the Fourier modes are phase coupled. Each pair of locally phase-correlated volumes of Fourier modes separately corresponds to aligned vortex tubes in physical space in two orthogonal directions. We show that the dynamics of distant interactions in creating small-scale anisotropy may be described in physical space by differential advection and distortion of small-scale vorticity by the coherent large-scale energy-containing eddies, producing anisotropic alignment of small-scale vortex tubes.Scaling arguments indicate a disparity in timescale between distant triadic interactions and energy-cascading local-to-non-local interactions which increases with scale separation. Consequently, the small scales respond to forcing initially through the distant interactions. However, as energy cascades from the large-scale to the small-scale Fourier modes, the stimulated distant interactions become embedded within a sea of local-to-non-local energy cascading interactions which reduce (but do not eliminate) small-scale anisotropy at later times. We find that whereas the small-scale structure is still anisotropic at these later times, the second-order velocity moment tensor is insensitive to this anisotropy. Third-order moments, on the other hand, do detect the anisotropy. We conclude that whereas a single statistical measure of anisotropy can be used to indicate the presence of anisotropy, a null result in that measure does not necessarily imply that the signal is isotropic. The results indicate that non-equilibrium non-stationary turbulence is particularly sensitive to long-range interactions and deviations from local isotropy.

Sessile Liquid Marbles with Embedded Hydrogels as Bioreactors for Three‐Dimensional Cell Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 2000108
Author(s):  
Raja Vadivelu ◽  
Navid Kashaninejad ◽  
Mohammad Reza Nikmaneshi ◽  
Rubina Rahaman Khadim ◽  
Seyedeh Sarah Salehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Liquid Marbles ◽  
Dimensional Cell

scholarly journals Sessile Liquid Marbles: Sessile Liquid Marbles with Embedded Hydrogels as Bioreactors for Three‐Dimensional Cell Culture (Adv. Biology 2/2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 2170022
Author(s):  
Raja Vadivelu ◽  
Navid Kashaninejad ◽  
Mohammad Reza Nikmaneshi ◽  
Rubina Rahaman Khadim ◽  
Seyedeh Sarah Salehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Liquid Marbles ◽  
Dimensional Cell

scholarly journals Naked Liquid Marbles: A Robust Three-Dimensional Low-Volume Cell-Culturing System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 9814-9823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Chen ◽  
Megha P. Shah ◽  
Todd B. Shelper ◽  
Lynn Nazareth ◽  
Matthew Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Liquid Marbles ◽  
Cell Culturing ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Volume Cell

Liquid marbles as bioreactors for the study of three-dimensional cell interactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja K. Vadivelu ◽  
Harshad Kamble ◽  
Ahmed Munaz ◽  
Nam-Trung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Liquid Marbles ◽  
Dimensional Cell
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