scholarly journals Third generation of advanced high strength sheet steels for the automotive sector : A literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Meknassi Raid Fekhreddine ◽  
Miklós Tisza
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Bainitic Ferrite ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Sheet Steels ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Steel Grades

The modern vehicles demand a better fuel economy, decrease in ozone harming substance outflows, and superior safety requirements led to new developments of steel grades with higher strength and good formability. Third generation of advanced high strength steels are the next stage for the automotive companies in steel sheets development. The principal concept of third generation of AHSS is to reap the mechanical properties benefits from first and second generation of AHSS at cost neither too high nor too low. This literature review summarizes the results achieved in a previous paper of the Third Generation of Advanced High Strength Sheet steels literature published by D. Krizan et al. Where we intend to focus on, the recent developments and future trends of the third generation of advanced high strength sheet steels (3-GEN AHSSs) including quenching and partitioning (Q&P), TRIP bainitic ferrite (TBF), medium manganese, density reduced TRIP (δ-TRIP) and nano steels for the modern automotive industry, with emphasis on their main characteristics, processing, and applications.

scholarly journals Effect of Quenching and Partitioning Temperatures in the Q-P Process on the Properties of AHSS with Various Amounts of Manganese and Silicon

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 2734-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Jirková ◽  
Ludmila Kučerová ◽  
Bohuslav Mašek
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Isothermal Holding ◽  
Bainitic Ferrite ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Quenching Temperature ◽  
Quenching And Partitioning ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels

The use of the combined influence of retained austenite and bainitic ferrite to improve strength and ductility has been known for many years from the treatment of multiphase steels. Recently, the very fine films of retained austenite along the martensitic laths have also become the centre of attention. This treatment is called the Q-P process (quenching and partitioning). In this experimental program the quenching temperature and the isothermal holding temperature for diffusion carbon distribution for three advanced high strength steels with carbon content of 0.43 % was examined. The alloying strategies have a different content of manganese and silicon, which leads to various martensite start and finish temperatures. The model treatment was carried out using a thermomechanical simulator. Tested regimes resulted in a tensile strength of over 2000MPa with a ductility of above 14 %. The increase of the partitioning temperature influenced the intensity of martensite tempering and caused the decrease of tensile strength by 400MPa down to 1600MPa and at the same time more than 10 % growth of ductility occurred, increasing it to more than 20%.

Third generation of advanced high-strength steels: Processing routes and properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Nanda ◽  
Vishal Singh ◽  
Virender Singh ◽  
Arnab Chakraborty ◽  
Sandeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels

The automobile industry is presently focusing on processing of advanced steels with superior strength–ductility combination and lesser weight as compared to conventional high-strength steels. Advanced high-strength steels are a new class of materials to meet the need of high specific strength while maintaining the high formability required for processing, and that too at reasonably low cost. First and second generation of advanced high-strength steels suffered from some limitations. First generation had high strength but low formability while second generation possessed both strength and ductility but was not cost effective. Amongst the different types of advanced high-strength steels grades, dual-phase steels, transformation-induced plasticity steels, and complex phase steels are considered as very good options for being extended into third generation advanced high-strength steels. The present review presents the various processing routes for these grades developed and discussed by different authors. A novel processing route known as quenching and partitioning route is also discussed. The review also discusses the resulting microstructures and mechanical properties achieved under various processing conditions. Finally, the key findings with regards to further research required for the processing of advanced high-strength steels of third generation have been discussed.

Critical Assessment of Bainite Models for Advanced High Strength Steels

2011 ◽  
Vol 172-174 ◽  
pp. 1183-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fateh Fazeli ◽  
Tao Jia ◽  
Matthias Militzer
Keyword(s):  
Bainitic Ferrite ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Transformation Model ◽  
Complex Phase ◽  
Simultaneous Formation ◽  
Transformation Induced Plasticity ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels ◽  
Formation Kinetics ◽  
Robust Processing

Bainite is an essential constituent in the microstructure of many advanced high strength steels, e.g. ferrite-bainite dual-phase, transformation induced-plasticity (TRIP) and complex phase (CP) steels. A complex thermo-mechanical processing is employed in industry such that following ferrite formation a desired fraction of bainite can be obtained during austenite decomposition. In order to evaluate robust processing routes it would be very useful to have a bainite transformation model with predictive capabilities. In this work a transformation start criterion for bainite is proposed by defining a critical driving pressure concept. Subsequent bainite formation kinetics from a mixture of ferrite-austenite is described using phenomenological modelling methodologies. In particular, the predictive capabilities of two approaches will be critically discussed, i.e. (i) the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) model in conjunction with Rios treatment of the additivity rule and (ii) a nucleation-growth based model that describes simultaneous formation of bainitic ferrite and carbides. Using experimental transformation data for TRIP and CP steels, status and limitations of these models will be delineated.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Laser Weldability of the Third-Generation Advanced High Strength Steel

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
António B. Pereira ◽  
Rafael O. Santos ◽  
Bruno S. Carvalho ◽  
Marilena C. Butuc ◽  
Gabriela Vincze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Weld Bead ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels

To meet the demands of vehicular safety and greenhouse gas emission reduction, the automotive industry is increasingly using advanced high strength steels (AHSS) in the production of the components. With the development of the new generation of AHSS, it is essential to study their behavior towards manufacturing processes used in the automotive industry. For this purpose, the welding capability of newly developed third-generation Gen3 980T steel was investigated using the Nd:YAG (Neodymium:Yittrium Aluminum Garnet) laser-welding with different parameter conditions. The analysis was made by uniaxial tensile tests, micro-hardness, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The criteria used to evaluate the quality of the weld were the distance between the fracture and the weld bead and the surface finish. A relationship between the quality of the weld and the energy density was observed, expressed by a partial penetration for values below the optimal, and by irregularities in the weld bead and a high number of spatters for the values above the optimal.

scholarly journals Current Challenges and Opportunities in Microstructure-Related Properties of Advanced High-Strength Steels

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 5517-5586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dierk Raabe ◽  
Binhan Sun ◽  
Alisson Kwiatkowski Da Silva ◽  
Baptiste Gault ◽  
Hung-Wei Yen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Advanced Characterization ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Press Hardening ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels ◽  
Bainitic Steels ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Recent Developments

Abstract This is a viewpoint paper on recent progress in the understanding of the microstructure–property relations of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). These alloys constitute a class of high-strength, formable steels that are designed mainly as sheet products for the transportation sector. AHSS have often very complex and hierarchical microstructures consisting of ferrite, austenite, bainite, or martensite matrix or of duplex or even multiphase mixtures of these constituents, sometimes enriched with precipitates. This complexity makes it challenging to establish reliable and mechanism-based microstructure–property relationships. A number of excellent studies already exist about the different types of AHSS (such as dual-phase steels, complex phase steels, transformation-induced plasticity steels, twinning-induced plasticity steels, bainitic steels, quenching and partitioning steels, press hardening steels, etc.) and several overviews appeared in which their engineering features related to mechanical properties and forming were discussed. This article reviews recent progress in the understanding of microstructures and alloy design in this field, placing particular attention on the deformation and strain hardening mechanisms of Mn-containing steels that utilize complex dislocation substructures, nanoscale precipitation patterns, deformation-driven transformation, and twinning effects. Recent developments on microalloyed nanoprecipitation hardened and press hardening steels are also reviewed. Besides providing a critical discussion of their microstructures and properties, vital features such as their resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and damage formation are also evaluated. We also present latest progress in advanced characterization and modeling techniques applied to AHSS. Finally, emerging topics such as machine learning, through-process simulation, and additive manufacturing of AHSS are discussed. The aim of this viewpoint is to identify similarities in the deformation and damage mechanisms among these various types of advanced steels and to use these observations for their further development and maturation.

Application of Advanced Multiphase Steels in Crashworthiness Structures: Experimental Study and Constitutive Equations

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Peixinho ◽  
António Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Equations ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Trip Steels ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels ◽  
Steel Grades

This work presents results of tensile testing of advanced high strength steels of interest for crashworthy structures: Dual-Phase and TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steels. The improvements in vehicle crashworthiness observed in recent years have been closely linked to advanced high-strength steels that are currently being produced or in process of development. Amongst these, Dual-Phase and TRIP steels have presented excellent properties for use in crashworthy structures. For these steel grades an understanding of material behaviour at relevant strain rates is needed as well as constitutive equations suitable for use in analytic and numerical calculations. For that purpose an experimental program of tensile testing was performed in a range of strain rates of interest for crashworthiness problems: 0.0001 /s to 1000 /s. The test results were used to compare material properties and to evaluate the Cowper-Symonds constitutive equation and a modified version. Crush tests were performed at different speeds for top-hat and hexagonal tubes manufactured using laser welding and the results discussed in view of energy absorption.

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