scholarly journals A Reconsideration of John Hick’s Theocentric or Realocentric Religious Pluralism: Focused on the Concept of God or the Real

2015 ◽  
Vol null (171) ◽  
pp. 105-135
Author(s):  
제해종
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
The Real ◽  
Concept Of God

Religious Pluralism and the Divine: a Response to Paul Eddy

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hick
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
The Real ◽  
Incompatible Characteristics

In ‘Religious Pluralism and the Divine: Another Look at John Hick's Neo-Kantian Proposal’ [Religious Studies, xxx, 1994) Paul Eddy argues against the ultimate ineffability of the Real, and claims that a neo-Kantian epistemology leads to a Feuerbachian non-realism. In response I stress (a) the impossibility of attributing to the Real the range of incompatible characteristics of its phenomenal (i.e. experienceable) manifestations, so that it must lie beyond the range of our human religious categories, and (b) the distinction, which Eddy fails to observe, between grounds for believing in the Divine, and reasons for thinking that the Divine can be differently conceived and experienced.

scholarly journals TAUHID SEBAGAI FUNDAMENTAL FILSAFAH EKONOMI ISLAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Elida Elfi Barus
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Agent ◽  
Real Form ◽  
The Real ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World

Monotheism (Tauhid) is the core teachings of Islam, but also the core teachings of all religions of the Book. Prophets alternated in God sent to earth real duty to communicate the idea of Tauhid. Tauhid basis of the whole concept and activities of Muslims, whether economic, political, social and culture. The world of view which starts from the concept of God will have implications for the activities of human life in the world as a whole. There are demands that any form of formulations or economic concepts that are formulated to be maintained within the framework of the truth of Tauhid, and there is a belief also that there is a responsibility that must be followed ultimately by each economic agent of any economic activity undertaken. Truth in the monotheistic concept in economic activity by always ensuring consistent with the provisions of Allah is the real form of godly someone as a Muslim. In other words, a choice to the economically Islamically is a consequence someone (ideological reasons). Denying the principles of sharia in economic activity will lead to hypocritical (munafiqun), wickedness (mufasiqun) or even shirk (Syirik).Tauhid adalah inti ajaran Islam, bahkan juga inti ajaran semua agama samawi. Para Nabi dan Rasul silih berganti di utus Allah ke muka bumi sesungguhnya bertugas untuk menyampaikan paham tauhid ini.Tauhid menjadi dasar seluruh konsep dan aktifitas umat Islam, baik ekonomi, politik, sosial maupun budaya.Pandangan dunia yang dimulai dari konsep ke-Tuhanan atau ke-Esa-an Tuhan akan berimplikasi kepada kegiatan kehidupan manusia didunia secara keseluruhan. Ada tuntutan bahwa apapun bentuk formulasi atau konsep ekonomi yang dirumuskan harus terjaga dalam kerangka kebenaran tauhid., dan ada keyakinan pula bahwa ada pertanggungjawaban yang harus dijalani yang pada akhirnya oleh setiap pelaku ekonomi dari setiap aktivitas ekonomi yang dilakukan. Kebenaran dalam konsep tauhid adalah mutlak milik Allah SWT.Menjalankan aktivitas ekonomi dengan senantiasa memastikan sejalan dengan ketentuan Allah SWT merupakan bentuk rill dari keberimanan seseorang sebagai seorang muslim. Dengan kata lain, pilihan (choice) untuk berekonomi secara islami adalah merupakan konsekwensi keberislaman seseorang (alasan ideologis). Mengingkari prinsip-prinsip syariah dalam beraktivitas ekonomi akan membawa pada kemunafiqan, kefasikan atau bahkan kesyirikan.

scholarly journals Eksistensialisme Tuhan Analisis Terhadap Pandangan Dan Kritik Jean-Paul Sartre

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Joy Moses E Simbolon
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
The Real ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
The Core ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Descriptive Method

AbstractJean-Paul Sartre is an atheist philosophical figure that is well known for spreading his idea about existentialism. The purpose of this paper is to know what Jean-Paul Sartre knows about the existence of God. As for the purpose of this writing is to see Jean-Paul Sartre concept of God that said if God exist then humanity is nothing, man will be come it self if they nullify God himself. The method of the research ised is a literature research and descriptive method, which scientifically digs the flow and the core of Jean-Paul Sartre thoughts and what other factor that affects his thinking. The result of this research shows that for Sartre the existence of God only limits himself from freedom. With existence of God humans can’t be free to find their true identity. The real freedom according to Sartre is humans are willing to deny God’s existence in every aspect of their life. The implications tha we can get from Jean-Paul Sartre idea is we have to acknowledge that philosophical thinking can not be separated from the context of its era so we must be careful on understanding Sartre thoughts that stated that we become ourself when we deny the existence of God, that’s why as a human we must be willing to learn through education and our experiences with God, so we can develop meaning for ourself and those around us by prioritizing God. Because of that, we must be responsible with what we belief on reaching our own existence.Key Words: Exitensialism; Jean-Paul Sartre; God

Hiddenness and Transcendence

2020 ◽  
pp. 172-192
Author(s):  
Michael C. Rea
Keyword(s):  
Christian Theology ◽  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
The Real ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Divine Hiddenness

For over two decades, the philosophical literature on divine hiddenness has been concerned with just one problem about divine hiddenness that arises out of one very particular concept of God. The problem—call it the Schellenberg problem—has J. L. Schellenberg as both its inventor and its most ardent defender. This chapter argues that the Schellenberg problem is an attack on a straw deity. More specifically, it proposes that Schellenberg’s argument against the existence of God depends on certain theological claims that are not commitments of traditional Christian theology and that would, furthermore, be repudiated by many of the most important and influential theologians in the Christian tradition. The chapter closes with some very brief remarks about the implications of this conclusion for what is taken to be the real import of the Schellenberg problem.

Religious pluralism

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM L. ROWE
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Human Life ◽  
John Hick ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
The Real ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Transcendent Reality ◽  
Central Claim

According to religious pluralism, the profound differences among the chief objects of adoration in the great religious traditions are largely due to the different ways in which a single transcendent reality is experienced and conceived in human life. The most prominent developer and defender of religious pluralism in the twentieth century is John Hick. Hick uses the expression ‘the Real’ to designate the transcendent reality ‘authentically experienced’ as the different gods and impersonal absolutes worshipped in the major religious traditions. A central claim Hick makes is that, apart from some purely formal characteristics, the Real is ineffable in that the intrinsic properties making up its nature are beyond the scope of any human concepts. I explore this central claim and argue that it implies the dubious, if not incoherent, view that the Real in itself has neither one of many pairs of contradictory properties.

scholarly journals Religious Pluralism in Yan Martel’s Life of Pi: A Case of Intertextual Correspondence with Swami Vivekananda’s Religious Philosophy

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
John Kuriakose
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Retributive Justice ◽  
Central Character ◽  
Religious Philosophy ◽  
Religious Ideology ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
The World ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Constructive Interaction

Yan Martel’s Life of Pi – the story as well as its religious ideology—exhibits apparent intertextual correspondence with the concept of “Universalism” the Indian mystic Swami Vivekananda preached to the world more than a century ago. Martel’s central character Pi represents this concept of religion, which finds the same set of universally valid principles in all religions of the world, and thus embraces all religions with the willingness to worship God in all places of worship, irrespective of whether they belong to Islam or Christianity or Buddhism or Hinduism. This perception of religiousness of Life of Pi comes as a solution to the concerns of the present religiously divided, material and greedy world that speaks a lot in vain about ecumenism, interfaith and constructive interaction among religions. The story of the shipwreck with the horrible experiences of Pi in the lifeboat  in the presence of  the Indian tiger Richard Parker and his  eventual survival validates this concept of God and works out a formula for a harmonious coexistence of religions and other conflicting forces in the world. Thus the book becomes a great religious allegory in tune with the fundamentals of all religious traditions: a pilgrimage on the sea of Karma to be united with the Absolute, a metaphor of the Atman seeking to realize Brahman, and an allegory on the concept of retributive justice of God by which sins are punished and virtues rewarded. 

scholarly journals John Hick’s Philosophy of Religious Pluralism in the Context of Traditional Yoruba Religion

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-104
Author(s):  
O N Olawoyin
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Ultimate Reality ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
The Real ◽  
Islam And Christianity ◽  
Supreme Being

This article is an interpretation of John Hick’s philosophy of religious pluralism in the context of traditional Yoruba religion. The ultimate goal of the article is pragmatic, viz. to provide a theoretical basis for peaceful coexistence among different religions in Nigeria. The methods adopted to achieve this objective are hermeneutical/analytical and comparative. Hick’s theory is interpreted and analysed before it is applied to traditional Yoruba theology. His concept of the Transcendent or Ultimate Reality is equated with the Yoruba concept of the Supreme Being or Olodumare. Both Hickean Ultimate Reality and Olodumare are conceived as transcategorial. However, Yoruba divinities are equated with Hick’s personae and impersonae of the Real: like the personae and impersonae of Hickean Ultimate Reality, the divinities are manifestations of Olodumare. This interpretative method can be used to account for differences in the conceptions of the Supreme Being among competing religions in Nigeria, especially Islam and Christianity in their conceptions of God. KeywordsJohn Hick, pluralism, Yoruba, Nigeria, Olodumare, divinities

Scanning electron microscopy of human iliac bone by a simple preparation method

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Takita ◽  
Tomonori Naguro ◽  
Toshio Kameie ◽  
Akihiro Iino ◽  
Kichizo Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Real Surface ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
The Real ◽  
Simple Preparation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Recently with the increase in advanced age population, the osteoporosis becomes the object of public attention in the field of orthopedics. The surface topography of the bone by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is one of the most useful means to study the bone metabolism, that is considered to make clear the mechanism of the osteoporosis. Until today many specimen preparation methods for SEM have been reported. They are roughly classified into two; the anorganic preparation and the simple preparation. The former is suitable for observing mineralization, but has the demerit that the real surface of the bone can not be observed and, moreover, the samples prepared by this method are extremely fragile especially in the case of osteoporosis. On the other hand, the latter has the merit that the real information of the bone surface can be obtained, though it is difficult to recognize the functional situation of the bone.

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

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