scholarly journals ECONOMIC MEASURE PACKAGES AGAINST CORONAVIRUS WITH COUNTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (42) ◽  
pp. 1036-1046
Author(s):  
Beyhan İNCEKARA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Measure

scholarly journals Eco-Efficiency and Human Capital Efficiency: Example of Small- and Medium-Sized Family Farms in Selected European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6846
Author(s):  
Jan Polcyn
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Work Hour ◽  
Capital Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Measure

Small- and medium-sized family farms are places to live and sources of income for about half of the population. The aim of this analysis was to determine the relationship between eco-efficiency and human capital efficiency on small- and medium-sized family farms. The analysis was carried out using an economic measure (value of agricultural production per work hour calculated per hectare) and two synthetic measures (human capital and environmental measures). The synthetic measures were determined using the TOPSIS-CRITIC method by defining weights for variables used in the measures. The analysis covered five countries: Lithuania (960 farms), Moldavia (532 farms), Poland (696 farms), Romania (872 farms) and Serbia (524 farms). All of these countries are characterised by a high fragmentation of agricultural holdings. The analysis allowed us to formulate the following conclusions: eco-efficiency and human capital efficiency indices increased with area for small- and medium-sized family farms. An increase in the eco-efficiency index with an increase in farm area suggests that the smaller the farm area, the more extensive the agricultural production that was carried out. In addition, an increase in human capital efficiency with an increase in farm area indicates that there was inefficiency in the utilisation of human capital resources on the agricultural farms studied.

Manufacture of Charcoal as an Economic Measure

1919 ◽  
Vol 87 (2251supp) ◽  
pp. 124-126
Author(s):  
Helge Sylven
Keyword(s):  
Economic Measure

scholarly journals COVID-19 monetary transfer in El Salvador: determining factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Carlos Ayala Durán
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Monetary Transfers ◽  
Monetary Transfer ◽  
Probabilistic Sample ◽  
Economic Measure

Abstract Given the lack of governmental guidelines, this paper identifies and analyzes the statistical determinants associated with receiving the onetime monetary transfer in El Salvador ($300 dollars) as an economic measure to face the COVID-19 pandemic. A logistic regression was implemented (whether received the transfer or not) based on a probabilistic sample (n=1222) of surveyed people throughout the country. Independent variables were selected drawing upon key characteristics employed internationally in monetary transfers: age, gender, rural area, employment, family income, and education. The text identifies a statistically significant and negative relation between receiving the monetary transfer and two variables: family income and educational level. The need to increase coverage of the program is addressed as well as the importance of considering age, gender, rural areas, and employment as criteria for selecting the beneficiaries in such economic measures.

Effizienz oder Moral? Wirtschaft und Gerechtigkeit aus Sicht ökonomischer Laien

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef Fetchenhauer ◽  
Dominik H. Enste ◽  
Vanessa Köneke
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Ethical Judgment ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Ethical Judgments ◽  
Economic Wealth ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Economic Measure

AbstractThe present article investigates how economic experts and laypersons deal with issues of fairness in the economic area. Most economic experts follow an ethic that can be described as both, deductive and utilitarian. The ethical judgment of an economic system as a whole or a specific economic measure follows its economic consequences. Measures that increase economic wealth are also judged as fair. The putative motives of individuals or institutions are neglected. To the contrary, laypeople follow an ethic that is both, deontic and intuitive. Ethical judgments are heavily influenced by the motives of the acting individuals and institutions. Questions of efficiency are rather neglected. Laypeople tend to accept those measures which are perceived as fair. Using a number of empirical examples we show how these differences in moral reasoning can explain the huge gap between experts and laypeople in their acceptance of different economic policies.

The effect of tariff on water demand management: implications for Bahrain

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Smith ◽  
H. Al-Maskati
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Water Demand Management ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Elasticity Of Demand ◽  
Tariff Structures ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Economic Measure

Water is now considered a scarce but essential resource that should be managed in an integrated manner. The traditional approaches of resource development are now considered as unsustainable. Water demand management (WDM) is a new approach that aims at influencing demand & thus improving distribution efficiency. Economic measure through water tariff is one of the WDM tools. Water tariffs are recognized to be one way of curbing growth in water demand, and encouraging more efficient use of water. It is essential for the effective and equitable allocation of water resources. This paper investigates different water tariff structures & seeks to identify the factors affecting WDM through tariffs. The paper pays particular attention to the situation in Bahrain through preliminary exploration of price elasticity of demand for water and its comparison with figures from other countries.

A Model of Fluctuating Labor Value and the Establishment of State Power: An Application to the Prehispanic Maya

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot M. Abrams
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Elite Controllers ◽  
Marginal Productivity ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Personal Contribution ◽  
Simulated Trajectory ◽  
The Common ◽  
Economic Measure

Assessment of the nature of intrasocietal relationships in the context of the origin of state-level power is a critical area of study within anthropological archaeology. A well-established model of such emergent political relations (Wittfogel 1957) posits that differential access to land, coupled with intensification of agriculture, places common farmers in a position of inferiority, and thus subjects them to exploitation by the elite controllers of intensive agriculture. The central thesis of this article is that the initial relationship between the elite controllers and the common laborers in an intensive agricultural system was mutually beneficial, with the state only capable of exercising more exploitative power some generations after the establishment of intensive agriculture. I argue that the economic measure of marginal productivity may best reflect each farmer’s personal contribution to agriculture, and that, in a largely kin-based system, it is difficult for the emergent elite to exercise exploitative power when the marginal productivity of labor is high. I support the thesis on the basis of the simulated trajectory of marginal productivity, which indicates that marginal product increases with intensification. I explore the model further in a consideration of the rise of the Classic Maya kingdom of Copán, Honduras.

scholarly journals Parametric Method For Evaluating Optimal Ship Deadweight

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Jan P. Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Freight Rate ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Economic Measure

Abstract The paper presents a method of choosing the optimal value of the cargo ships deadweight. The method may be useful at the stage of establishing the main owners requirements concerning the ship design parameters as well as for choosing a proper ship for a given transportation task. The deadweight is determined on the basis of a selected economic measure of the transport effectiveness of ship - the Required Freight Rate (RFR). The mathematical model of the problem is of a deterministic character and the simplifying assumptions are justified for ships operating in the liner trade. The assumptions are so selected that solution of the problem is obtained in analytical closed form. The presented method can be useful for application in the pre-investment ships designing parameters simulation or transportation task studies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document