scholarly journals GAMBARAN FUNGSI EKSEKUTIF PADA PASIEN POST STROKE MENGGUNAKAN PEMERIKSAAN CLOCK DRAWING TEST (CDT) DI POLI NEUROLOGI RSUP PROF. DR. R. D KANDOU PERIODE NOVEMBER-DESEMBER 2014

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afrilya N. Solang ◽  
Maja P. S. ◽  
Danny J. Ngantung
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Normal Person ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Impaired Cognitive Function ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test

Abstract: Approximately 50-75% of stroke patients is estimated to have impaired cognitive function. One of the components of cognitive function impaired is executive function. Clock drawing test (CDT) is one of the screening tools that are used to determine the executive functions of the brain. This study aimed to obtain the description of executive function in post-stroke patients in Neurology Clinic of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital. This was a descriptive study using cross-sectional design. This study was carried out within a certain period between November to December 2014. The CDT showed 2 people were normal and 28 people were abnormal. Both male and female groups showed one person normal and 14 people abnormal. Based on the age group, 51-65 years old was the most vulnerable age with one normal person and 16 people were abnormal. Based on the education, most of them were in senior high school or equivalent with one person normal and 12 people were abnormal. Based on the jobs, retirees were the most vulnerable with 9 abnormal people. Based on the location of brain lesions, 17 people had lesions in the right hemisphere and 13 people had lesions in the left hemisphere. Based on the type of stroke, 29 people had ischemic stroke and 1 person had hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion: Based on the CDT, the majority of respondents experienced impaired cognitive function, especially the executive function .Keywords: stroke, cognitive function, executive function, clock drawing testAbstrak: Sekitar 50-75% pasien dengan riwayat stroke diperkirakan mengalami gangguan fungsi kognitif; salah satunya ialah fungsi eksekutif. Tes menggambar jam adalah salah satu pemeriksaan yang digunakan untuk mengetahui fungsi eksekutif otak yang mengalami kemunduran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi eksekutif pada pasien post stroke di Poli Neurologi BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan desain potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di antara bulan November dan Desember 2014. Sampel yang memenuhi kriteria yang berjumlah 30 orang (15 laki-laki dan 15 perempuan). Dari hasil pemeriksaan tes menggambar jam didapatkan 2 orang normal dan 28 orang abnormal. Dari jenis kelamin baik laki-laki maupun perempuoan diperoleh 1 orang normal dan 14 lainnya abnormal. Dari golongan usia, terbanyak pada usia 51-65 tahun yaitu 1 orang normal dan 16 orang abnormal. Dari tingkat pendidikan, terbanyak pada tingkat SMA/Sederajat dengan 1 orang normal dan 12 orang abnormal. Dari pekerjaan, pensiunan merupakan yang terbanyak yaitu 9 orang abnormal. Dari letak lesi otak, 17 orang dengan letak lesi pada hemisfer kanan dan 13 orang yang mengalami lesi di daerah hemisfer kiri. Dari jenis stroke, lebih banyak yang mengalami stroke iskemik yaitu 29 orang dibandingkan yang mengalami stroke hemoragik yaitu 1 orang. Simpulan: Dari hasil pemeriksaan CDT, sebagian besar responden (93,3 %) mengalami gangguan kognitif lebih khusus gangguan eksekutif.Kata kunci: stroke, fungsi kognitif, fungsi eksekutif dan tes gambar jam.

scholarly journals Gambaran Fungsi Kognitif pada Lanjut Usia di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken

e-CliniC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia V. Roring ◽  
Junita M. [email protected] ◽  
Corry N. Mahama
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Impaired Cognitive Function ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Trail Making

Abstract: Increased elderly in Indonesia grows in number and affects the health problems such as impaired cognitive function. Examination carried out by using Indonesian version Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-INA), Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) are used to determine the cognitive function. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of cognitive function among the elderly at nursing home and outside of nursing home at Sendangan, Remboken. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The results showed that there were 59 people that met inculsion criteria. The Ina-MoCA examination showed that 94.9% of the elderly had a decline in cognitive function. Moreover, the TMT-A and TMT-B found that 100% of the elderly had impaired cognitive function. Meanwhile, the CDT found that 49.2% of the elderly had impaired cognitive function. In conclusion, the Ina-MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, and CDT indicated that the majority of the elderly at Sendangan, Remboken had impaired cognitive function.Keywords: elderly, cognitive function, Ina MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, CDT Abstrak: Peningkatan lanjut usia di Indonesia semakin bertambah yang berdampak pada masalah kesehatan, salah satunya ialah gangguan fungsi kognitif. Pemeriksaan Montreal Cognitive Assesment versi Indonesia (INA-MoCA), Trail Making Test (TMT), dan Clock Drawing Test (CDT) dapat digunakan untuk medeteksi gangguan fungsi kognitif, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia di Panti Werdha dan luar Panti Werdha di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 59 orang yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Pemeriksaan Ina-MoCA menunjukkan 94,9% lanjut usia mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif. Pada pemeriksaan TMT-A dan TMT-B didapatkan 100% lanjut usia terganggu. Pemeriksaan CDT mendapatkan 49,2% lanjut usia terganggu. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah hasil pemeriksaan Ina-MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, dan CDT menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar lansia di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken memiliki fungsi kognitif yang terganggu.Kata kunci: lanjut usia, fungsi kognitif, Ina MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, CDT

scholarly journals Gambaran Fungsi Kognitif pada Lanjut Usia di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken

e-CliniC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia V. Roring ◽  
Junita M. [email protected] ◽  
Corry N. Mahama
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Impaired Cognitive Function ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Trail Making

Abstract: Increased elderly in Indonesia grows in number and affects the health problems such as impaired cognitive function. Examination carried out by using Indonesian version Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-INA), Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) are used to determine the cognitive function. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of cognitive function among the elderly at nursing home and outside of nursing home at Sendangan, Remboken. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The results showed that there were 59 people that met inculsion criteria. The Ina-MoCA examination showed that 94.9% of the elderly had a decline in cognitive function. Moreover, the TMT-A and TMT-B found that 100% of the elderly had impaired cognitive function. Meanwhile, the CDT found that 49.2% of the elderly had impaired cognitive function. In conclusion, the Ina-MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, and CDT indicated that the majority of the elderly at Sendangan, Remboken had impaired cognitive function.Keywords: elderly, cognitive function, Ina MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, CDT Abstrak: Peningkatan lanjut usia di Indonesia semakin bertambah yang berdampak pada masalah kesehatan, salah satunya ialah gangguan fungsi kognitif. Pemeriksaan Montreal Cognitive Assesment versi Indonesia (INA-MoCA), Trail Making Test (TMT), dan Clock Drawing Test (CDT) dapat digunakan untuk medeteksi gangguan fungsi kognitif, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia di Panti Werdha dan luar Panti Werdha di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 59 orang yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Pemeriksaan Ina-MoCA menunjukkan 94,9% lanjut usia mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif. Pada pemeriksaan TMT-A dan TMT-B didapatkan 100% lanjut usia terganggu. Pemeriksaan CDT mendapatkan 49,2% lanjut usia terganggu. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah hasil pemeriksaan Ina-MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, dan CDT menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar lansia di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken memiliki fungsi kognitif yang terganggu.Kata kunci: lanjut usia, fungsi kognitif, Ina MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, CDT

scholarly journals Association of the Qualitative Clock Drawing Test with Progression to Dementia in Non-Demented Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2850
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Umegaki ◽  
Yusuke Suzuki ◽  
Yosuke Yamada ◽  
Hitoshi Komiya ◽  
Kazuhisa Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test

To evaluate the predictability of progression of cognitive impairment to dementia using qualitative clock drawing test (CDT) scores, we administered both the CDT using Cahn et al.’s qualitative scoring system and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess cognitive function in non-demented older individuals attending a memory clinic at a university hospital. Patients visiting the clinic for assessment of cognitive function between January 2015 and December 2019 were enrolled, and only those who were diagnosed as not having dementia at the time of initial assessment completed a follow-up assessment at 1 y (n = 163). To examine any association of qualitative CDT score with progression to dementia, multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted with the change in diagnosis from non-dementia to dementia at 1 y as the dependent variable. A total of 26 participants (16.0%) were diagnosed as having converted to dementia. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that both the qualitative CDT score using Cahn et al.’s scoring system and the existence of conceptual deficits were significantly associated with progression to dementia at 1 y after initial assessment of cognitive function, irrespective of the MMSE score, among non-demented older individuals. The CDT may be a useful predictor of progression to dementia in primary care settings.

Taking the Time to Assess Cognition in Parkinson’s Disease: The Clock Drawing Test

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hemant Srivastava ◽  
Allen Joop ◽  
Raima A. Memon ◽  
Jennifer Pilkington ◽  
Kimberly H. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Epworth Sleepiness Scale ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance

Background: Cognitive impairment is common and disabling in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Cognitive testing can be time consuming in the clinical setting. One rapid test to detect cognitive impairment in non-PD populations is the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), which calls upon the brain’s executive and visuospatial abilities to draw a clock designating a certain time. Objective: Test the hypothesis that PD participants would perform worse on CDT compared to controls and that CDT would correlate with other measures of cognition. Methods: This study evaluated two independent CDT scoring systems and differences in CDT performance between PD (N = 97) and control (N = 54) participants using a two-sample t-test. Pearson’s correlations were conducted between the CDT and tests of sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and vigilance (Psychomotor Vigilance Test); executive function (Trails B-A); and global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine cut points on the CDT that identify individuals who need additional cognitive testing. Results: PD participants had worse performance on CDT compared to controls. The CDT was correlated with executive function (Trails B-A) and global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). The CDT correlated with vigilance (Psychomotor Vigilance Task) only in healthy controls. However, the CDT was not correlated with measures of sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) in either group. A cut point of 9 on the Rouleau scale and 18 on the Mendez scale identified PD participants with cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The CDT is a rapid clinical cognitive assessment that is feasible in PD and correlates with other measures of cognition.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DENGAN RIWAYAT STROKE DI POLIKLINIK SARAF RSUP PROF. DR. R.D. KANDOU MANADO

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirzha N. Paparang ◽  
Corry N. Mahama ◽  
Denny J. Ngantung
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
State Examination

Abstract: Stroke is a major cause of cognitive dysfunction. The incidences of cognitive dysfunction increase three-fold after strokes, usually involving impairement of abilities in visuo-spacial, memory, orientation, speech, attention, and performance functions. The rapid, practical, and approved examinations used to evaluate and confirm the decline in cognitive functions are the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and the Trail Making Test (TMT). This study aimed to reveal the cognitive functions of outpatients with stroke histories in the Neurology Polyclinic, Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado by using the above mentioned examinations. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design conducted in November 2012. The results showed that there were 51 respondents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria consisting of 32 males and 19 females. The highest decline of cognitive function by age, the educational level, and employment was 60-79 years, more than 9 years of education, and retired workers, respectively. The results of the MMSE, CDT, and TMT examinations for cognitive impairment evaluation were as follow: MMSE 62.75%, CDT 56.86%, TMT A 96.08%, and TMT B 84.31%. Conclusion: Most of the outpatients with stroke histories in the Neurology Polyclinic, Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado showed cognitive impairments. Keywords: CDT, cognitive function, MMSE, stroke, TMT-A and B.   Abstrak: Stroke merupakan penyebab utama gangguan fungsi kognitif. Insiden gangguan kognitif meningkat tiga kali lipat setelah stroke, dan biasanya melibatkan kemampuan visuospasial, memori, orientasi, bahasa, perhatian dan fungsi eksekutif. Pemeriksaan yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi dan mengonfirmasi penurunan  fungsi kognitif yang cepat dan praktis namun bernilai tinggi ialah Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), dan Trail Making Test (TMT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi kognitif pada pasien rawat jalan dengan riwayat stroke di Poliklinik Saraf RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan cross-sectional design dan dilaksanakan selama bulan November 2012. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa 51 responden memenuhi kriteria inklusi, terdiri dari 32 laki-laki dan 19 perempuan. Berdasarkan usia, tingkat pendidikan, dan pekerjaan, penurunan fungsi kognitif terbanyak pada usia 60-79 tahun, tingkat pendidikan terakhir >9 tahun, dan pekerjaan pensiunan. Hasil pemeriksaan MMSE, CDT, dan TMT terhadap fungsi kognitif responden ialah: MMSE 62,75%, CDT 56,86%, TMT A 96,08%, dan TMT B 84,31%. Simpulan: Sebagian besar pasien rawat jalan dengan riwayat stroke di Poliklinik Saraf RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado telah memperlihatkan gagguan fungsi kognitif.Kata kunci: stroke, fungsi kognitif, MMSE, CDT, TMT-A dan B.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN HIPERTENSI DENGAN GANGGUAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA PASIEN POST-STROKE ISKEMIK DI RS BETHESDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Rizaldy Taslim Pinzon
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Stroke Registry ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Chi Square Test

<p><strong>Pendahuluan: </strong>Stroke bisa menimbulkan gangguan fungsional otak berupa gangguan fungsi kognitif. Insidensi gangguan fungsi kognitif meningkat tiga kali lipat setelah stroke, dan biasanya melibatkan gangguan kemampuan visuospasial, memori, orientasi, bahasa, perhatian, dan fungsi eksekutif.</p><p><strong>Metode: </strong>Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang. Data yang diambil berupa data primer dengan menggunakan <em>Montreal Cognitive Assessment </em>versi Indonesia (MoCA-Ina) serta <em>Clock Drawing Test </em>(CDT) dan data sekunder dari <em>Stroke Registry </em>(2010-2017)<em> </em>dan rekam medis RS Bethesda Yogyakarta. Data yang didapatkan dianalisis secara deskriptif (univariat), dilanjutkan dengan uji <em>chi-square test</em> untuk analisis bivariat, dan regresi logistik digunakan untuk menganalisis analisis multivariat.</p><p><strong>Hasil: </strong>Sampel yang didapatkan sebanyak 110 sampel, dimana terdapat 72 laki-laki (65%) dan 38 perempuan (34.5%), di mana usia terbanyak 51-60 tahun sebanyak 36 pasien (32.7%). Didapatkan 75 pasien (68.2%) yang mengalami gangguan fungsi kognitif (MoCA &lt; 26) dan 35 pasien (31.8%) yang tidak mengalami gangguan fungsi kognitif (MoCA ³ 26). Pada analisis bivariat didapatkan hipertensi (OR: 1.02; CI: 0.70-1.49; p: 0.823) tidak mempengaruhi terjadinya gangguan fungsi kognitif pada pasien post-stroke iskemik. Pada analisis multivariat didapatkan onset serangan stroke ulangan, jumlah lesi, lesi, dan lesi temporal berhubungan dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif post-stroke iskemik.</p><p><strong>Kesimpulan: </strong>Hipertensi tidak berhubungan dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif pada pasien post-stroke iskemik.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong>Post-Stroke Iskemik, Hipertensi, Gangguan Fungsi Kognitif, MoCA-Ina, CDT.</p>

scholarly journals Cognitive Consequences of Cataract Surgery: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Surgery Patient ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Background and Objective: The age-related cataract is a leading cause of vision loss, and cataract surgery is the most common intraocular surgery. Patients with cataracts may develop mild cognitive impairment due to blurred vision and vision problems. In this regard, the improvement of vision after cataract surgery may affect their cognitive function. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 32 patients aged 40-60 years who were referred to the ophthalmology clinic of Farshchian Hospital in Hamadan with a diagnosis of bilateral cataracts within 2019-2020. Cognitive function was assessed in patients with Mini-Mental-State-Examination (MMSE) test and clock-drawing test before and after ocular cataract surgery. Patient data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) using paired t-test at a 95% confidence level. Results: The mean age of patients was 53.91±4.51 years, and the majority of them (62.5%)were male. Before and after cataract surgery, the mean scores of the MMSE test were 25.09±3.25 and 26.19±2.69, and the mean scores of the clock-drawing test were reported as 3.34±1.49 and 3.72±1.32 (P=0.001). Based on the MMSE and clock-drawing test, 54.4% and 65.6% of patients, respectively, had improved cognitive function, as compared to before the surgery. Conclusions: Cognitive function in patients with cataracts was significantly improved by cataract surgery.

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