scholarly journals Gambaran bilirubin dan urobilinogen urin pada pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faleriano Makay ◽  
Glady I. Rambert ◽  
Mayer F. Wowor
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Tuberculosis Patient ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study ◽  
Hepatotoxic Drug

Abstract: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antituberculosis drugs prescribed to TB patients is hepatotoxic drug. Liver damage caused by side effects of the drugs will cause an alteration in urinary bilirubin and urobilinogen level. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of urinary bilirubin and urobilinogen in adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado from October to November 2016. This was an observational descriptive study. Samples obtained by using random sampling urine from all pulmonary tuberculosis patient that met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that according to urinary bilirubin and urobilinogen examination in 30 patients, most of them were in normal level. Only 6 out of 30 patients has bilirubinuria in this urinary bilirubin examination. In urinary urobilinogen examination, all results is in normal level. Conclusion: Urinary bilirubin and urobilinogen examination in this research was normal in general, bilirubinemia was found only in some patients.Keywords: pulmonary tuberculosis, urinary bilirubin, urinary urobilinogen Abstrak: Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh basil Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Obat antituberkulosis yang diberikan pada pasien TB bersifat hepatotoksik. Kerusakan hepar yang disebabkan oleh efek samping obat tersebut akan menyebabkan perubahan pada kadar bilirubin dan urobilinogen urin. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran bilirubin dan urobilinogen urin pada pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional, untuk mendapatkan data tentang bilirubin dan urobilinogen urin pada pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa di RSUP. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado pada Oktober-November 2016. Sampel penelitian adalah sampel urin sewaktu dari semua pasien tuberkulosis paru yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan bilirubin dan urobilinogen urin pada 30 pasien, sebagian besar kadarnya normal. Hanya 6 dari 30 pasien yang mengalami bilirubinuria pada pemeriksaan bilirubin urin. Pada pemeriksaan urobilinogen urin semua hasil dalam batas normal. Simpulan: Pemeriksaan bilirubin dan urobilinogen urin pada umumnya normal, hanya beberapa pasien yang mengalami bilirubinuria.Kata kunci: tuberkulosis paru, bilirubin urin, urobilinogen urin

scholarly journals Gambaran nitrit urin pada pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lusye A.H. Berhandus ◽  
Arthur E. Mongan ◽  
Mayer F. Wowor
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Urine Dipstick ◽  
Urine Examination ◽  
Normal Urine

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Pulmonary TB influence nutritional status because the course of the disease that affects immune system and caused immunodeficiency which makes TB patient prone to infection including urinary tract infection. The most common diagnostic method is chemical urinalysis using urine dipstick especially nitrite. Nitrite urine examination can be used to find bacteria in urine. In normal urine, nitrite is usually absent, but nitrate in urine will be reduced by the bacteria that have reductase enzyme and change to nitrite. This study was aimed to obtain the urine nitrite profile in adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectoional design to obtain data of nitrite in urinalysis of pulmonary tuberculosis patients from October to November 2016 at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. Sampels were urine of all pulmonary tuberculosis patients that met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that all 30 patients’ urine samples did not contain nitrite. Conclusion: The profile of urine of 30 pulmonary tuberculosis patients showed absence of nitrite.Keywords: pulmonary tuberculosis, urinalysis, nitrite Abstrak: Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit akibat infeksi bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB paru dapat mempengaruhi status gizi penderita karena proses perjalanan penyakitnya yang mempengaruhi daya tahan tubuh menyebabkan immunodefisiensi sehingga rentan terkena berbagai penyakit infeksi diantaranya infeksi saluran kemih. Metode paling umum pada urinalisis adalah uji kimia dengan menggunakan dipstick urin terutama nitrit. Pemeriksaan nitrit urin dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya bakteriuria. Pada urin normal tidak terdapat nitrit, namun nitrat yang terdapat pada urin akan mengalami reduksi oleh bakteri yang mempunyai enzim reduktase menjadi nitrit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran nitrit urin pada pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ialah urin sewaktu dari semua pasien tuberkulosis paru yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Dari hasil urinalisis nitrit urin yang dilakukan terhadap 30 pasien yang terdiagnosis penyakit tuberkulosis paru dewasa, seluruhnya (30 pasien) didapatkan hasil nitrit negatif. Simpulan : Dari 30 pasien yang diperiksa nitrit urin didapatkan seluruhnya hasil nitrit negatif. Kata kunci : tuberkulosis paru, urinalisis, nitrit

scholarly journals Gambaran leukosit urin pada pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingkan C. Pasuhuk ◽  
Arthur E. Mongan ◽  
Mayer Wowor
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Dipstick Test ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Normal Urine ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Urine Specimens

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Consuming the anti-tuberculosis medicine such as streptomycin and rifampicin will cause nephrotoxic effect. In kidney disfunction especially the glomeruli, the number of leukocytes in the urine increase. The most common urinalysis tests are chemical test and microscopic test, especially the leukocyte urine test. These tests can be used to detect the kidney disfunction and the urinary tract infection. In normal urine, the result of the dipstick test is negative, and the result of microscopic test is 0-5/HPF. This study was aimed to obtain the description of leukocyte urinalysis in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was an observational descriptive study conducted in October-November 2016 at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. Samples were random urine specimens that met the predefined criteria. The results showed that based on the urinalysis, of 30 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 27 patients had negative results and 3 patients had positive results. Conclusion: There was no relationship between urine leucocyte and pulmonary tuberculosis in adult patients.Keywords: pulmonary tuberculosis, urinalysis, urine leukocyte Abstrak: Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Obat anti-tuberkulosis seperti streptomisn dan rifampisin memiliki efek nefrotoksik. Kerusakan ginjal terutama glomerulus dapat menimbulkan peningkatan leukosit dalam urin. Metode urinalisis yang sering digunakan yaitu uji kimia/ carik-celup dan mikroskopik. Pemeriksaan leukosit urin dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui adanya gangguan pada ginjal dan infeksi saluran kemih. Pada urin normal hasil pemeriksaan dipstick negatif dan hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopik urin 0-5 leukosit/LPB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran leukosit urin pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional dan dilakukan pada bulan Oktober-November 2016 di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Sampel penelitian ialah sampel urin sewaktu dari semua pasien tuberkulosis paru yang memenuhi kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Hasil urinalisis dari 30 pasien terdiagnosis penyakit tuberkulosis paru mendapatkan 27 pasien dengan hasil negatif dan 3 pasien dengan hasil positif. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara leukosit urin dengan tuberkulosis paru dewasa. Kata kunci: TB paru, urinalisis, leukosit urin

scholarly journals Implementasi Keperawatan Tuberkulosis Paru dengan Bersihan Jalan Napas Tidak Efektif dan Nutrisi Tidak Seimbang: Kurang dari Kebutuhan Tubuh

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Muhamad Rofi’i
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Nursing Interventions ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Airway Clearance ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study

Introduction: Several nursing implementations do not match with nursing intervention classification. This situation requires further study to prove it. This study aims to describe nursing implementations on tuberculosis patients with airway clearance ineffective and imbalance nutrition: less than body requirement. Methods: This study was a quantitative observational descriptive study. Data were collected by observing nursing implementation documentations during two months. The research variable was nursing implementation in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The sampling technique was purposive sampling.Results: Most of the implementation carried out by nurses in the diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance was providing oxygen (58.1%) and the second order was recommending sputum in the pot (10,5%). Most nursing implementation in diagnosis imbalance nutrition: less than body required was to educate the diet (85.7%), and the smallest is to recommend eating that is not spicy (1.2%). Conclusion: The most implementation that nurses do to overcome the diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance was giving oxygen to the patient. While the most implementation that nurses do in diagnosis imbalance nutrition: less than body required was educate the patient's diet. Interventions carried out by nurses are activities of the intervention, not nursing interventions. Further studies are required to improve nurses’ skills to implement according to standards.

scholarly journals Gambaran eritrosit urin pada pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gracia S. Sinaga ◽  
Glady I. Rambert ◽  
Mayer F. Wowor
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Normal Urine ◽  
Global Health Problem

Abstract: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis remains a major global health problem and ranks as the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide. Anti-tuberculosis drugs, such as streptomycin and rifampicin are nephrotoxic. If the kidney function decreased, especially the glomerulus there can be found blood cells in the urine. A small number of erythrocytes may be found in normal urine, about 0-2 cells per HPF (High Power Field). But more than three erythrocytes per HPF is generally considered hematuria. This study aims to describe about how the urine erythrocytes in adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients at RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Research design used is descriptive observational research. Samples were urine samples of all pulmonary tuberculosis patients that suit to inclusion criteria. This study was conducted from October to November 2016. The results of chemical urinalysis of urine erythrocytes are negative in 20 patients and positive in 10 patients, while the results of microscopic urinalysis of urine erythrocytes are normal in 26 patients and hematuria in 4 patients. Conclusion: Hematuria mostly found in males, age 56-65 years old, default tuberculosis type, the first category of anti-tuberculosis drugs, the duration of therapy about 3-4 months, and in patients with comorbid disease.Keywords: pulmonary tuberculosis, urinalysis, hematuria Abstrak: Tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberkulosis masih merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia dan menduduki peringkat kedua penyebab kematian oleh penyakit infeksi di dunia. Obat anti-tuberkulosis seperti streptomisin dan rifampisin memiliki efek nefrotoksik. Apabila fungsi ginjal terutama glomerulus telah rusak maka dapat ditemukan adanya eritrosit dalam urin. Pada urin normal terdapat eritrosit sekitar 0-2 sel/LPB. Jika ditemukan 3 sel/LPB atau lebih, maka disebut hematuria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran eritrosit urin pada pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif observasional. Sampel penelitian adalah sampel urin sewaktu dari semua pasien tuberkulosis paru yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Penelitian dilakukan sejak Oktober-November 2016. Dari hasil pemeriksaan eritrosit urin secara kimia didapatkan hasil negatif pada 20 pasien dan hasil positif pada 10 pasien, sedangkan pemeriksaan mikroskopis eritrosit urin ditemukan hasil normal pada 26 pasien dan hasil hematuria pada 4 pasien. Simpulan: Hematuria didapatkan lebih banyak pada pasien laki-laki, pada kelompok usia 56-65 tahun, pada jenis kasus putus obat, pada jenis pengobatan kategori 1, pada lama pengobatan 3-4 bulan, dan pada pasien dengan penyakit penyerta. Kata kunci: tuberkulosis paru, urinalisis, hematuria

scholarly journals Gambaran protein urin pada pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecillia P. Tangkin ◽  
Arthur E. Mongan ◽  
Mayer F. Wowor
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Comorbid Disease ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Protein Excretion ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that can affect almost any organ, especially lungs. Anti-tuberculosis drugs, such as rifampicin and streptomicin, are nephrotoxic or destructive to kidney cells. One of the markers of kidney function deficiency is increase protein excretion in urine or proteinuria. Proteinuria is one of the markers of decreased kidney function. This study was aimed to obtain the description of protein urine on pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was an observational descriptive study on pulmonary tuberculosis patients conducted at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. Samples were obtained by using random urine specimen that met the predefined criteria. Most of the tesults of protein urinalysis of 30 patients were negative for protein. Some of the patients with positive results (proteinuria) had risk factors for comorbid disease that can intervened the protein urinalysis result. Conclusion: Protein urinalysis of 30 patients showed negative results in either in-patient or out-patient of pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Keywords: pulmonary tuberculosis, urinalysis, proteinuria. Abstrak: Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah suatu penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang dapat menyerang berbagai organ, terutama paru-paru. Obat anti-tuberkulosis (OAT), seperti rifampisin dan streptomisin, dapat bersifat nefrotoksik atau destruktif terhadap sel-sel pada ginjal. Salah satu penanda adanya perburukan fungsi ginjal adalah ditemukan peningkatan ekskresi protein pada urin atau disebut proteniuria. Proteinuria merupakan penanda adanya perburukan fungsi ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran protein urin pada pasien tuberkulosis dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional pada pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa yang dilakukan di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Sampel penelitian ialah sampel urin sewaktu dari semua pasien tuberkulosis paru yang memenuhi kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Berdasarkan urinalisis protein urin pada 30 pasien tuberkulosis paru, sebagian besar sampel menunjukkan hasil protein urin negatif. Beberapa pasien dengan hasil protein urin positif atau proteinuria memiliki faktor resiko penyakit penyerta yang dapat mengintervensi hasil urinalisis protein. Simpulan: dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil urinalisis protein pada 30 pasien tuberkulosis paru menunjukkan hasil protein urin negatif baik pada pasien rawat inap maupun rawat jalan. Kata kunci: tuberkulosis paru, urinalisis, proteinuria.

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in smear negative sputum by PCR

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jobayer ◽  
SM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Kazi Zulfiquer Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Total Death ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Negative Sputum

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a major health problem in Bangladesh that is responsible for about 7% of total death in a year. This study was conducted to isolate and identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum and to evaluate the efficacy of PCR as a modern diagnostic tool, for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, especially in the smear negative cases. One hundred and fifty suspected pulmonary TB patients (male/ female: 97/53) were included in this study. Single morning sputum was collected from each patient and diagnostic potential of PCR was compared with staining and culture. Twenty five (16.7%) sputum were positive by ZN stained smear. Among 125 smear negative samples, 13 (10.4%) yielded growth in culture in LJ media and 21 (16.8%) samples were positive by PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of PCR in smear negative cases was 100% and 92.9% respectively. Mean detection time in PCR was 24 hours. PCR detected M. tuberculosis in 21 smear negative and 9 culture negative samples. For diagnosis of tuberculosis in smear negative cases, PCR directly from sputum was a very sensitive and accurate method. In conclusion, PCR may be done, especially in clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients who remain negative by conventional methods.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i2.19368 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2012; 06(02): 2-6

Kualitas Hidup Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru yang Mengalami Stigma Diri (Quality of Life Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients With Self Stigma))

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Yunita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Life Score

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease that can bring about the sufferer's self-stigma and also affect his quality of life. A number of studies report that living with TB has a negative influence on the quality of life of sufferers even with or without self-stigma. The purpose of this study was to identify the quality of life of TB patients who experienced self-stigma. This research is a descriptive study, sample were 31 pulmonary TB patients. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Data analyzed by using frequency distribution and percentage. The researcher first screened TB patients who experienced self-stigma. The results showed that 25 people (80.64%) respondents experienced mild self-stigma. A total of 9 respondents (36%) had a quality of life score in the good category and as many as 16 respondents (64%) had enough category with an average quality of life score is 56.57. While respondents who had moderate self-stigma were 6 people (19.36%) with a good quality of life score was 1 person (16.67%) and enough category quality of life score were 5 people (83.33%) with an average quality of life score is 49.92.

Determination some Immunological Aspects in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Qadisiyah Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syoof Khowman Alramahy ◽  
Akram Hadi Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Igg Level

This study was carried out to study of some immunological aspects among the pulmonary Tuberculosis patients infected with causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A Total of 200 sputum samples were collected from patients attending the consultant Clinic for Chest and Respiratory disease center, Diwaniya. Control group (No=15) also included. According to acid fast stain of sputum, the patients were classified as positive (No=91,45.5%) and negative (No=109,54.5, Lowenstein Jensen medium used for the cultivation of samples, on which 70% of sputum samples where positive culture for this microorganism. The grown microorganism were identified as M. tuberculosis, based on positive A.F.B, Niacin producers ,negative for catlase at 68c. The mean IgG level was l184.053±76.684 mg/100 ml in tuberculosis group compared with 1016.533 ± 44.882 mg/100ml in control group, rendering the statistical difference significant. For IgA and IgM levels, they were at mean of 315.880±38.552 mg/100 ml and 119.527±8.464 mg/100 ml in control group compared with 396.358±38.776 mg/100 ml and 134.207±11.696 mg/100 ml in patients group respectively with significant difference

scholarly journals Stigma Related to Tuberculosis Among Patients Attending DOTS Clinics of Dharan Municipality

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Aryal ◽  
A Badhu ◽  
S Pandey ◽  
A Bhandari ◽  
P Khatiwoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Past History ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tuberculosis Patient ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients

Background The patients suffering from tuberculosis are receiving shame and unfair treatment from the people living around them within their own society attending DOTS clinic of Dharan municipality. Objective To assess the stigma experienced by tuberculosis patients and to find out the association between stigma experienced by Tuberculosis patient and the selected variables (socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profile and illness experience). Methods Descriptive Cross Sectional study was done among sixty tuberculosis patients. Stratified random sampling was used to select the main center and sub center of Tuberculosis treatment and population proportionate simple random sampling using lottery method was done. Data was collected using predesigned, pretested performa from Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue developed by World Health Organization. Results The study revealed that 63.3% of the subjects were stigmatized. There was association between stigma and variables such as occupation, monthly family income and past history of Tuberculosis. There was also association of stigma with treatment phase, category of the patient and past outcome of illness. Conclusion Due to lack of knowledge and awareness about Tuberculosis, many patients were stigmatized. Efforts should be made to educate the public about Tuberculosis to reduce stigma experienced by Tuberculosis patients and improve the compliance of the patient. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL  VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 48-52 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6914

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