scholarly journals Application of fracture energy for the assessment of frost degradation of high-strength concretes

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 057-068
Author(s):  
Sylwia Borowska ◽  
Marta Kosior-Kazberuk
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Energy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Crack Tip Opening Displacement ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Critical Crack ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Crack Tip Opening

Knowledge of fracture mechanics parameters can help for a more accurate assessment of frost degradation of high-strength concrete. High strength concretes, despite the tight structure, are characterized by increased brittleness. Cracks in the concrete structure are places of accumulation of significant stresses. Additional stresses resulting from cyclic freeze/thaw stimulate the material destruction processes. The basic strength parameters of concrete do not take into account structural defects of the material and do not give a complete description of susceptibility to damage caused by, e.g., frost degradation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between frost degradation of high-strength concretes and changes in the value of their fracture energy associated with the initiation of cracking after 150, 250, 350 and 450 freeze/thaw cycles. The research was carried out using 100 × 100 × 400 mm samples, with a pre-initiated 30 mm deep notch. The I load model under a three-point bending test was used, based on the procedure recommended by RILEM. Concrete with a compressive strength of 90 MPa with steel fibres and a mixture of steel and basalt fibers was tested. The obtained results allow for the evaluation of frost degradation using fracture energy GF and critical crack tip opening displacement CTODc.

Experimental Study on Fracture Toughness of Q460C the High-Strength Construction Steel at Low Temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 890-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Qing Wang ◽  
Yun Lin ◽  
Yan Nian Zhang ◽  
Yong Jiu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Crack Tip Opening Displacement ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Function Fitting ◽  
Ductile Brittle Transition Temperature ◽  
Boltzmann Function ◽  
Fracture Appearance ◽  
Crack Tip Opening

Three point bending tests were carried out on 14mm-thick Q460C the high-strength structural steel at low temperature, and scanning electronic microscope of the fracture appearance was analyzed. The results showed that the obvious feature of brittle mechanism was shown on the three point bending specimen fracture whose testing took place at -40°C. And the crack tip opening displacement value of Q460C steel, which was less than that of Q235 steel, Q345 steel and Q390 steel at low temperature, tended to decrease with respect to the temperature reduction. Moreover, a Boltzmann function fitting analysis was applied to the experimental data, and the ductile-brittle transition temperature and the changing regularity were obtained.

scholarly journals Material Analysis of Steel Fibre Reinforced High-Strength Concrete in Terms of Flexural Behaviour. Experimental and Numerical Investigation

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Czesław Bywalski ◽  
Maciej Kaźmierowski ◽  
Mieczysław Kamiński ◽  
Michał Drzazga
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fracture Energy ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Steel Fibre ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Crack Tip Opening Displacement ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Flexural Tensile Strength ◽  
Crack Tip Opening

The paper presents the results of tests for flexural tensile strength (fct,fl) and fracture energy (Gf) in a three-point bending test of prismatic beams with notches, which were made of steel fibre reinforced high-strength concrete (SFRHSC). The registration of the conventional force–displacement (F–δ) relationship and unconventional force-crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) relationship was made. On the basis of the obtained test results, estimations of parameters fct,fl and Gf in the function of fibre reinforcement ratio were carried out. The obtained results were applied to building and validating a numerical model with the use of the finite element method (FEM). A non-linear concrete damaged plasticity model CDP was used for the description of the concrete. The obtained FEM results were compared with the experimental ones that were based on the assumed criteria. The usefulness of the flexural tensile strength and fracture energy parameters for defining the linear form of weakening of the SFRHSC material under tension, was confirmed. Own equations for estimating the flexural tensile strength and fracture energy of SFRHSC, as well as for approximating deflections (δ) of SFRHSC beams as the function of crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) instead of crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD), were proposed.

Critical Crack Tip Opening Displacement for X70 and X80 Steels - A Parametric Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ben Liu ◽  
Qing Quan Duan ◽  
Bao Dong Wang ◽  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mouth Opening ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Crack Mouth Opening Displacement ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Pipe Steels ◽  
Crack Tip Opening Displacement ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Critical Crack ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Crack Tip Opening

High strength line-pipe steels are widely used in long distance gas pipelines. Fracture toughness is one major parameter in the performance evaluation of these line-pipe steels. For high strength line-pipe steels, critical crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) is one typical quantity for fracture toughness. In this paper, a series of experimental studies were conducted to investigate the influences of steel property and specimen thickness on critical CTOD by three points bending tests for X70 and X80 line-pipe steel. Results showed that the critical CTOD is mainly depended on the plastic crack mouth opening displacement of the specimen. For the same size specimens, the critical CTOD of X80 steel was much less than X70 steel. The specimen thickness had a significant influence on the plastic crack mouth opening displacement. With the decrease of the specimen thickness, the critical CTOD increased.

Applying Gurson Type of Damage Models to Low Constraint Tests of High Strength Steels and Welds

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Liu ◽  
Yong-Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Ductile Failure ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Crack Tip Opening Displacement ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Critical Crack ◽  
Gtn Model ◽  
Strain Capacity ◽  
Low Constraint

Pipelines experiencing displacement-controlled loading need to have adequate strain capacity. Large tensile strain capacity can only be achieved when the failure processes are ductile. In ductile failure analyses, the strain capacity may be determined by two approaches. The first approach uses the conventional fracture mechanics criteria, such as the attainment of the critical crack tip opening displacement, to assess the onset of the crack propagation. The other approach uses damage mechanics models in which the onset and propagation of cracks are controlled by the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of voids in the material. The damage mechanics models can provide some insights of the ductile failure processes as they have more physical mechanisms built in the constitutive model. In this paper, the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model is applied to two types of low-constraint tests: curved wide plates and back-bend specimens. The wide plate test is considered more representatives of full-scale pipes than the conventional laboratory-sized specimens, but requires large-capacity machines. The back-bend test is a newly developed low-constraint laboratory-sized test specimen. A relatively simple approach to determine the damage parameters of the GTN model is discussed and the transferability of damage parameters between those two test types is also analyzed.

Analysis on Critical CTOD of Long-Term Used Penstock

2017 ◽  
Vol 741 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Fumito Kawamura ◽  
Masazumi Miura ◽  
Ryuichiro Ebara ◽  
Keiji Yanase
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Crack Tip Opening Displacement ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Critical Crack ◽  
Crack Tip Opening

Many studies have been conducted to characterize the fracture toughness of structural steels and their welded joints. However, most studies focus on newly developed steels, and the number of studies on the fracture toughness of long-term used steels in structural components is rather limited. Furthermore, a lack of data on the fracture toughness causes difficulties in evaluating the structural integrity of existing steel structures. In this study, CTOD tests were performed to characterize the fracture toughness of penstock that has been in service for 50 years. By measuring the critical crack tip opening displacement in conjunction with analysis for chemical compositions, the characteristics of fracture toughness were investigated.

scholarly journals Guide for Recommended Practices to Perform Crack Tip Opening Displacement Tests in High Strength Low Alloy Steels

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián A. Ávila ◽  
Vinicius Lima ◽  
Cassius O. F. T. Ruchert ◽  
Paulo Roberto Mei ◽  
Antonio J. Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Crack Tip ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Crack Tip Opening Displacement ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Recommended Practices ◽  
Crack Tip Opening

Test for Crack Opening Displacement of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete under Three-Point Bending

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tin Gyi Zhang ◽  
Yuan Bao Leng ◽  
Dan Ying Gao
Keyword(s):  
Crack Opening Displacement ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Crack Mouth Opening Displacement ◽  
Crack Tip Opening Displacement ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Critical Crack ◽  
Critical Crack Opening ◽  
Crack Tip Opening

Based on the principle of electrical measurement method, the clip gauge was made to measure the crack opening displacement (COD).Through the three-point bending test on the specimens of steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete (SFHSC), the effect of the fiber volume fraction (ρf) upon the critical crack opening displacement (the critical crack tip opening displacement and the critical crack mouth opening displacement) was studied. The result shows that the effect of ρf on mouth-tip ratio (the ratio of critical crack mouth opening displacement to critical crack tip opening displacement) can reflect its effect upon the critical crack opening displacement. According to the geometrical relationship between the initial crack length and the critical crack opening displacement，calculation method for the initial crack length was proposed. Based on the test result, the formula was established for calculating the critical crack tip opening displacement.

A Nonlinear Analysis of an Equilibrium Craze: Part II—Simulations of Craze and Crack Growth

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ungsuwarungsri ◽  
W. G. Knauss
Keyword(s):  
Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Energy Dissipation Rate ◽  
Crack Model ◽  
Crack Tip Opening Displacement ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Critical Crack ◽  
Dugdale Model ◽  
Nonlinear Force ◽  
Crack Tip Opening

In this study we investigate the effects of nonlinear fibril behavior on the mechanics of craze and crack growth. The effect of strain-softening cohesive material on crack stability is of particular interest and is examined via a craze and crack model developed in the first part of this work where the formulation and solution of the problem are discussed.1 In this second part, quasi-static growth of a craze with a central crack is analyzed for different nonlinear force-displacement (p-v) relations for the craze fibrils. A “critical crack tip opening displacement” (CTOD), or more precisely, “critical fibril extension” is employed as the criterion for fracture. The p-v relation is further assumed to be invariant with respect to the craze and crack lengths. The results are compared with the Dugdale model; the craze zone size and the energy dissipation rate approach asymptotic values in the limit of long cracks. The problem of craze growth from a precut crack under increasing far-field loading is then studied. In the case where the p-v relation is monotonically softening, the crack can start to grow in an unstable manner before the crack tip opening displacement reaches its critical value.

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