scholarly journals The influence of internal installation solutions in single-family housing on the "EP" factor in the light of the new requirements of WT 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 029-040
Author(s):  
Aneta Biała
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Building Insulation ◽  
Demand Factor ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Family Housing

The first part of the article presents the upcoming changes in the regulations regarding energy consumption by single-family housing. Current and forthcoming requirements in 2021 for building insulation and maximum EP primary energy demand factor were indicated. The second part of the paper presents the results of research aimed at determining what type of heat source for heating purposes and the type of ventilation will be able to meet the latest requirements. The analysis was based on the determination and comparison of the EP factor in the considered single-family building for selected heating variants assuming two different types of ventilation: gravitational and mechanical supply-exhaust with heat recovery system. Based on the results obtained, an attempt was made to determine the tendency of changes in the design of single-family buildings in terms of choosing the type of heating and ventilation.

scholarly journals The influence of crop dryer operation parameters on the efficiency of energy recovery from extract air

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00064
Author(s):  
Edward Przydróżny ◽  
Aleksandra Przydróżna ◽  
Sylwia Szczęśniak ◽  
Juliusz Walaszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Flow Surface ◽  
Recovery System

Crop drying, especially maize drying, occurs at low external air temperatures, which are lower than the extract air temperature. Therefore, using heat exchangers, to recover thermal energy from the extract air to preheat the cold and dry external air, results in a significant reduction in the primary energy demand for crop drying. The measurements of air parameters in the crop dryer, with a drying capacity of 19 Mg/h of maize, confirm the assumptions undertaken for the production of the heat recovery system. We apply the cross-counter-flow surface heat exchanger system to provide a significant improvement in the efficiency of crop drying. We perform the analysis of the thermal energy recovery system operation. Our results indicate the influence of the drying air set-point and the crop specific humidity on the efficiency of energy recovery from the exhaust air. We performed our measurements at different drying air temperature set-points and different crop relative humidity.

scholarly journals NZEB Renovation Definition in a Heating Dominated Climate: Case Study of Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szymon Firląg ◽  
Michał Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Definition Of

The main objective of this article is to propose possible requirements for NZEB (nearly zero-energy buildings) renovation definition in heating dominated climate. A survey was carried out on potential approaches and indicators that could be used for the NZEB definition of existing single-family houses in Poland. The process of determining requirements for the NZEB renovation definition was divided into two stages. The cost-optimal U-values of the building’s envelope were initially calculated and, based on them, the energy demand for heating (QH) and the reduction of non-renewable primary energy demand (QP) were estimated. The calculations were made for different energy prices, locations, and two building models. Based on them the requirements for cost-optimal renovation (QH ≤ 60 kWh/(m² year), QP reduction ≥ 75%) and NZEB renovation (QH ≤ 40 kWh/(m² year), QP reduction ≥ 80%) were proposed. In contrast to definitions using only a maximum level of QP, two indicators were used. Such a solution is appropriate for existing buildings because it prevents the situation in which only renewable energy sources (RES) (with a low primary energy factor) will be applied in order to decrease the primary, non-renewable energy demand.

scholarly journals Fireplaces supporting central heating

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Jerzy Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Water Jacket ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Home Influence

Article presents usage of fireplaces with a water jacket and with an air turbine in a single-family detached home. Influence of usage of fireplaces on primary energy demand was also analysed.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEMAND VALUE FOR NON-RENEWABLE PRIMARY ENERGY EP IN LOW ENERGY BUILDINGS

2017 ◽  
Vol 166 (46) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Pawłowski ◽  
Magdalena Nakielska ◽  
Dariusz Buchaniec
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Heating Installation ◽  
Demand Factor ◽  
Low Energy Buildings

In order to achieve the standard of a low energy building it is needed to define the energy characteristics of the building with t-aiming at the minimal value of primary energy demand factor EP. The analysis of a building for energy saving concerns thermal parameters of external heat partitions, central heating installation efficiency, ventilation and hot water installation as well as using renewable energy sources. In this work there is an analysis of selected factors affecting PE factor in existing and new-designed buildings and there are valuable practical conclusions formulated.

A PSO–GA optimal model to estimate primary energy demand of China

Energy Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiwei Yu ◽  
Yi-Ming Wei ◽  
Ke Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Primary Energy Demand

An environmental impact analysis method of machine-tool cutting units based on LCA

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junli Shi ◽  
Junyu Hu ◽  
Mingyang Ma ◽  
Huaizhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Environmental Impact Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Tool Cutting

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a method for the environmental impact analysis of machine-tool cutting, which enables the detailed analysis of inventory data on resource consumption and waste emissions, as well as the quantitative evaluation of environmental impact. Design/methodology/approach The proposed environmental impact analysis method is based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. In this method, the system boundary of the cutting unit is first defined, and inventory data on energy and material consumptions are analyzed. Subsequently, through classification, five important environmental impact categories are proposed, namely, primary energy demand, global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential and photochemical ozone creation potential. Finally, the environmental impact results are obtained through characterization and normalization. Findings This method is applied on a case study involving a machine-tool turning unit. Results show that primary energy demand and global warming potential exert the serious environmental impact in the turning unit. Suggestions for improving the environmental performance of the machine-tool turning are proposed. Originality/value The environmental impact analysis method is applicable to different machine tools and cutting-unit processes. Moreover, it can guide and support the development of green manufacturing by machinery manufacturers.

Optimization of the energy supply in the plastics industry to reduce the primary energy demand

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 790-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Dunkelberg ◽  
Johannes Wagner ◽  
Conrad Hannen ◽  
B. Alexander Schlüter ◽  
Long Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Plastics Industry

scholarly journals A GIS-Based Planning Approach for Urban Power and Natural Gas Distribution Grids with Different Heat Pump Scenarios

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolando M. Kisse ◽  
Martin Braun ◽  
Simon Letzgus ◽  
Tanja M. Kneiske
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Public Data

Next to building insulation, heat pumps driven by electrical compressors (eHPs) or by gas engines (geHPs) can be used to reduce primary energy demand for heating. They come with different investment requirements, operating costs and emissions caused. In addition, they affect both the power and gas grids, which necessitates the assessment of both infrastructures regarding grid expansion planning. To calculate costs and CO2 emissions, 2000 electrical load profiles and 180 different heat demand profiles for single-family homes were simulated and heat pump models were applied. In a case study for a neighborhood energy model, the load profiles were assigned to buildings in an example town using public data on locations, building age and energetic refurbishment variants. In addition, the town’s gas distribution network and low voltage grid were modeled. Power and gas flows were simulated and costs for required grid extensions were calculated for 11% and 16% heat pump penetration. It was found that eHPs have the highest energy costs but will also have the lowest CO2 emissions by 2030 and 2050. For the investigated case, power grid investments of 11,800 euros/year are relatively low compared to gas grid connection costs of 70,400 euros/year. If eHPs and geHPs are combined, a slight reduction of overall costs is possible, but emissions would rise strongly compared to the all-electric case.

scholarly journals Myth v. Fact

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Reilly ◽  
Allison Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Business As Usual

This article predicts future global energy demand under a business-as-usual scenario. According to the MIT projections, conventional technology supported by fossil fuels will continue to dominate under a business-as-usual scenario. In fact, in the absence of climate policies that would impact energy prices, fossil fuels will supply nearly 80% of global primary energy demand in 2100. Alternative energy technologies will expand rapidly. Non-fossil fuel use will grow from 13% to 20% by 2100, with renewable electricity production expanding nearly tenfold and nuclear energy increasing by a factor of 8.5. However, those sources currently provide such a small share of the world's energy that even rapid growth is not enough to significantly displace fossil fuels. In spite of the growth in renewables, the projections indicate that coal will remain among the least expensive fuel sources. Non-fossil fuel alternatives, such as renewable energy and nuclear energy, will be between 40% and 80% more expensive than coal.

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