scholarly journals NZEB Renovation Definition in a Heating Dominated Climate: Case Study of Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szymon Firląg ◽  
Michał Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Definition Of

The main objective of this article is to propose possible requirements for NZEB (nearly zero-energy buildings) renovation definition in heating dominated climate. A survey was carried out on potential approaches and indicators that could be used for the NZEB definition of existing single-family houses in Poland. The process of determining requirements for the NZEB renovation definition was divided into two stages. The cost-optimal U-values of the building’s envelope were initially calculated and, based on them, the energy demand for heating (QH) and the reduction of non-renewable primary energy demand (QP) were estimated. The calculations were made for different energy prices, locations, and two building models. Based on them the requirements for cost-optimal renovation (QH ≤ 60 kWh/(m² year), QP reduction ≥ 75%) and NZEB renovation (QH ≤ 40 kWh/(m² year), QP reduction ≥ 80%) were proposed. In contrast to definitions using only a maximum level of QP, two indicators were used. Such a solution is appropriate for existing buildings because it prevents the situation in which only renewable energy sources (RES) (with a low primary energy factor) will be applied in order to decrease the primary, non-renewable energy demand.

scholarly journals The possibility of achievement of the nZEB state of a refurbished detached house powered solely by renewable energy sources in Southern Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Jacek Biskupski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Pv Generator

This paper gives a thorough description of the two different scenarios of retrofit of an existing detached country house (with high primary energy demand) to a net zero energy building (nZEB) or near zero energy (nearZEB) by using energy form on-site RES. Using a designed piece of modelling software author pointed out two possible solutions. First one, based on a bio boiler and small on-site PV generator (on-grid) and the other based on large PV generator and three heat pumps. A 24 months test was performed in order to find out the output of both scenarios. In first period, the bio boiler delivered energy for space heating and DHW, while energy from PV was used to cover all electricity needs of the household during the 12 months testing period. In the later, the energy received from 10 kWp PV of was partly used to cover the current needs of the entire household (switchable on/off-grid system), and surplus was stored in the national electricity grid and regained later in the winter for the space heating (by a GSHP) and ventilation (ASHP) and DHW (dedicated ASHP). In both cases the system proofed the possibility to achieve the nZEB (nearZEB in first scenario) state of the household, as all (in the first near all) energy needs were covered by renewable energy produced on-site.

Conceptualizing the Role of Renewables in Determining Energy Security

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-172
Author(s):  
Pooja Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Security Index

All countries worldwide demand energy for economic growth. The main objectives of the chapter are three-fold: firstly, to investigate the role of renewables in the global energy transition, examining the parameters such as a share in the primary energy demand, installed capacity, etc.; secondly, to identify the factors that affect determine deployment of renewable energy such as energy imports, R&D funds, energy prices, etc.; and thirdly, to examine the role of renewables in contributing to energy security by computing a renewable energy security index (RESI) by deploying the methodology of principal component analysis (PCA) method. The renewable energy security index has been improving over the period 2000-2018 and is significantly correlated with all the four aspects of energy security availability, accessibility, acceptability, and affordability. Consequently, the economies across all nations should adopt appropriate pathways of the energy transition towards renewable energy sources not only to achieve energy security but also energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Myth v. Fact

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Reilly ◽  
Allison Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Business As Usual

This article predicts future global energy demand under a business-as-usual scenario. According to the MIT projections, conventional technology supported by fossil fuels will continue to dominate under a business-as-usual scenario. In fact, in the absence of climate policies that would impact energy prices, fossil fuels will supply nearly 80% of global primary energy demand in 2100. Alternative energy technologies will expand rapidly. Non-fossil fuel use will grow from 13% to 20% by 2100, with renewable electricity production expanding nearly tenfold and nuclear energy increasing by a factor of 8.5. However, those sources currently provide such a small share of the world's energy that even rapid growth is not enough to significantly displace fossil fuels. In spite of the growth in renewables, the projections indicate that coal will remain among the least expensive fuel sources. Non-fossil fuel alternatives, such as renewable energy and nuclear energy, will be between 40% and 80% more expensive than coal.

scholarly journals Potential of Renewable Energy Sources usage in an energy demand of a single-family houses neighbourhood, constituting an Energy Cluster – a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 25004
Author(s):  
Marcin Zygmunt ◽  
Dariusz Gawin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Energy Cluster

Worldwide policy referring to global warming and air pollution assumes several main guidelines, in which Renewable Energy Sources (RES) usage simultaneously with limitation of fossil fuels in energy production seems to be a major goal. Nowadays, the continuous growth of RES usage within final energy consumption is becoming an obvious part of many country’s development. Adding to that relentless pursuit for improvement of building energy efficiency results in prediction, that in nearest future one should expect the development of advanced city-scale areas constituting an Energy Cluster. The paradigm of Energy Cluster (EC) allows us to define an energy flexibility neighbourhood. This article presents the results of energy analysis of a model neighbourhood of single-family houses with possible usage of RES. The neighbourhood constituting an EC was defined considering the Polish household sector statistical study. The analyzed area consists of representative single-family houses of Poland, characterized by different built periods, building shape and geometry as well as building enclosure parameters. Within the analysis, a detailed examination of a defined EC was performed by means of TEAC – computer tool developed by authors. TEAC is based on the results of energy simulations obtained by means of Energy Plus software and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) usage. Artificial Intelligence (AI) was used for energy demand predictions of buildings. Among possible RES a detailed analysis of solar and wind energy usage was performed. As a result, we obtained an hourly energy demand space- and time distribution, RES outputs, ecological analysis concerning greenhouse gasses emission and profitability analysis of proposed modernizations for the neighbourhood.

scholarly journals Energy Management for Internet of Things via Distributed Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. M. Sadeeq ◽  
Subhi Zeebaree
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
End Users ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Energy Management Systems ◽  
Grid Operators

The distributed energy system (DES) architecture is subject to confusion about renewable energy limits, primary energy supply and energy carriers' costs. For the grid to use unreliable electricity sources, the end-user's on-demand presence in the intelligent energy management context is essential. The participation of end-users could influence the management of the system and the volatility of energy prices. By delivering auxiliary services using demand side-resource to increase system reliability, robust planning, constraint control and scheduling, consumers may support grid operators. The optimized approach to managing energy resources enhances demand response to renewable energy sources integrally, controls the demand curve with load versatility as the system requires it. The opportunity to adjust/regulate the charging profile by choosing a particular device. This article discusses a literature and policy analysis that looks at the role of energy management system aggregators and the end-users participating in subsidiary systems within Smart Grid programmers and technologies. In the implementation of aggregators for energy management systems, the objective is to understand the patterns, threats, obstacles and potential obstacles.

Definition of nZEB Renovation Standard

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Szymon Firląg
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Country Specific

The aim of the chapter is to present existing definitions of building renovation to nearly zero energy building (nZEB). The EU buildings stock has low energy efficiency and is responsible for the biggest energy consumption. This chapter describes first of all the legal background in EU and general definition of nZEB renovation. In the next part, country-specific definitions are cited. Most of them are setting requirements for primary energy demand. The example of Poland is used to show the possible process of defining the nZEB renovation standard.

scholarly journals The thermomodernization of a single family house located in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains – a case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-404
Author(s):  
Urszula Pawlak ◽  
Marcin Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Family House

The paper presents the energy performance of a single-family house located in Domaszowice, the Kielce poviat. The analyzed object has been put into use in 2010 year. Due to the devices using non-renewable energy sources, installed in the building for the needs of hot tap water and central heating, for servicing, which human presence is necessary, two thermomodernizations were performed. The purpose of the calculations was to indicate the financial benefi ts, i.e. to reduce the costs of maintaining the home and to provide its residents with proper comfort of use of the building, bearing in mind also the health aspect. Changes have been proposed to reduce the demand for non-renewable primary energy of EP using renewable energy sources. As a result, the energy-efficient building that meets WT 2017 was obtained. The Certo 2015 program was used in the analysis.

scholarly journals HAVAALANI TERMİNAL BİNALARINDA EKSERJİ AKILCILIĞI VE KÜRESEL ISINMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2019.2) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Birol Kilkis
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Service Water ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Criteria

Bu makalede terminal binalarının ekserji-düzeltili yolcu başına sarf edilen enerji miktarını uçak yolculuklarında sarf edilen ekserji-düzeltili enerji ile karşılaştıran yeni ölçütler tanıtılmaktadır. Söz konusu enerji tüketimlerinin toplam CO2 salım sorumluluklarına ve küresel ısınmaya nasıl yansıdığı ise akılcı ekserji yönetim modeli (REMM) ile incelenmektedir. Bu ölçütlere göre verimsiz terminaller yolcu başına 12 ila 15 kW-h/yıl enerji tüketmektedirler. Toplamda EP olarak adlandırılan terminallerde yolcu-başı enerji, ısı, soğuk, sıcak servis suyu ve buhar gibi değişik birim ekserji kırılımlarını içermediğinden yeni ekserji-düzeltili yolcu başına enerji tanımı getirilmiştir. Böylelikle terminallerin gerçek zamanda CO2 salım sorumlulukları ve sürdürülebilir çevreye olumsuz etkileri birebir incelenebilmektedir. Yolcu-başı enerji, ekserji eş bazına getirildiğinde bu tür terminallerin birincil enerji talebi 80 ila 100 kW-h/yolcu olmaktadır. Makalede CO2 salımları yanı sıra soğutma kulelerinin ve yoğuşmalı kazanların bilinenin aksine daha fazla su buharının atmosfere salınmasından sorumlu olmaları nedeni ile sera etkilerinin fazla olduğu da göz önünde tutularak küresel ısınma ve ozon tabakası seyreltim potansiyelleri incelenmektedir. Makalede Amsterdam Schiphol ve İstanbul IGA havaalanları yeni ölçütlerle mukayese edilmektedir. This article introduces new benchmarks that compare the amount of exergy-corrected energy consumed per terminal building with the exergy-corrected energy consumed in air travel. How these energy consumptions reflect on total CO2 emission responsibilities and global warming is examined with a rational exergy management model (REMM). According to these criteria, inefficient terminals consume 12 to 15 kW-h / year energy per passenger. Since the terminals named as EP in total do not contain different unit exergy breaks such as energy per passenger, heat, cold, hot service water and steam, a new definition of exergy-corrected passenger is introduced. Thus, the responsibilities of the terminals to release CO2 in real time and their negative effects on the sustainable environment can be examined. When passenger-head energy is brought to exergy level, the primary energy demand of such terminals is 80 to 100 kW-h / passenger. In addition to CO2 emissions, the article examines global warming and ozone layer dilution potentials, considering that cooling towers and condensing boilers are responsible for the release of more water vapor into the atmosphere, contrary to what is known. In the article, Amsterdam Schiphol and Istanbul IGA airports are compared with new criteria.

scholarly journals Fireplaces supporting central heating

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Jerzy Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Water Jacket ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Home Influence

Article presents usage of fireplaces with a water jacket and with an air turbine in a single-family detached home. Influence of usage of fireplaces on primary energy demand was also analysed.

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