scholarly journals ‘People without a State Also Must Live’: Kurds’ Experiences of Citizenship in the Middle East and the Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-306
Author(s):  
Nannie Sköld
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Political Context ◽  
State System ◽  
Modern State ◽  
National Community ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Citizenship Regimes

Through considering the historical and ongoing systematic oppression of Kurds in the Middle East, this paper seeks to interrogate the role of citizenship in relation to processes of inclusion and exclusion within nation states. By situating the concepts of citizenship and statelessness within their appropriate political context, this paper explores the extent to which citizenship regimes can be used to serve the interests of the state and undermine the interests of minority citizens. This is analysed through considering the framework of the modern state system, in which individuals are largely dependent on citizenship for access to rights. The severe implications of non-citizenship increase citizens’ dependency on states, increasing the capability of states to oppress minority citizens who are not considered to belong within the national community. Through navigating participants’ narratives of citizenship and statelessness, a nuanced understanding of the role of citizenship will challenge dominant assumptions

Active and Passive Citizenship in the Arab World

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Active Citizenship ◽  
Passive Mode ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Citizenship Regimes

This article argues that the current crisis of relations between states and citizens in the Arab Middle East cannot just be traced to the rise of postcolonial authoritarian regimes but further back, to the rise of the modern state in the early 19th century. The development of modern citizenship regimes has not empowered citizens, it has instead led to a more passive mode of citizenship. After a historical discussion of the various ruling bargains in modern regional history, the article concludes with a discussion of ongoing protests demanding more active citizenship regimes.

Fragmentation of Citizenship Governance

2017 ◽  
pp. 598-620
Author(s):  
Joel P. Trachtman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The State ◽  
State System ◽  
Modern State ◽  
International Regime ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Positive Rights ◽  
Experience Effects

A future of greater migration will put pressure on the exclusive territorial model of citizenship. In the deepest analytical sense, bundled citizenship is incoherent, and made more so by extraterritorial effects of national decision-making—by the effects on persons in other territories—and, as salient for this chapter, by the mobility of persons that makes them experience effects of governmental decisions in other territories. For most historic periods since the emergence of the modern state system and in most regional contexts this mobility of persons was not significant enough, and the role of the state in providing positive rights was not great enough, to necessitate an international regime for assigning states responsibility for positive rights, and assigning individuals duties to states. However, with greater demand for mobility, greater cooperation to divide up the components of citizenship may be desirable.

scholarly journals People born in the Middle East but residing in the Netherlands: Invariant population size estimates and the role of active and passive covariates

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. M. van der Heijden ◽  
Joe Whittaker ◽  
Maarten Cruyff ◽  
Bart Bakker ◽  
Rik van der Vliet
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Population Size Estimates ◽  
Size Estimates

16. Introducing Global Politics

2020 ◽  
pp. 364-385
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lawson
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
State System ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
European State ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
State Actors

This chapter discusses global politics in relation to the phenomenon of globalization. ‘Global politics’ as a field of study encompasses the traditional concerns of International Relations with how states interact under conditions of anarchy, but lays greater emphasis on the role of non-state actors and processes in a globalizing world. The chapter first provides an overview of politics in a globalizing world before explaining the basic distinctions between ‘state’ and ‘nation’ in the context of contemporary global politics. It then considers the variation in state forms and the phenomenon of empire throughout history as well as the historical emergence of the modern state and state system in Europe along with ideas about sovereignty and nationalism against the background of ‘modernity’. It also examines the effective globalization of the European state system through modern imperialism and colonialism and the extent to which these have been productive of contemporary global order.

scholarly journals Clinical Aspects of Dermatitis Associated withDirofilaria repensin Pets: A Review of 100 Canine and 31 Feline Cases (1990–2010) and a Report of a New Clinic Case Imported from Italy to Dubai

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Tarello
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriers ◽  
Wild Carnivores ◽  
Filarial Nematodes

Cutaneous dirofilariasis is a parasitic disease caused by the mosquito-borne filarial nematodesDirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens, living in the subcutaneous tissue of dogs, cats, wild carnivores, and humans. Cases have been recently reported also from Germany, Czech Republic, Hungary, Ukraine, Russia, Austria, Switzerland, France, The Netherlands, and the Middle East.D. repensis not widely known to cause chronic pruritic dermatitis in animals. Dermatological signs observed in 100 canine clinic cases were pruritus (100%), erythema (79%), papulae (62%), focal or multifocal alopecia (55%), hyperkeratosis (18%), crusting (14%), nodules (12%), acantosis (5%), and eczema (3%). Signs other than dermatological were conjunctivitis (46%), anorexia (35%), vomiting (26%), fever (25%), lethargy (20%), and lymph-adenomegaly (10%). A case imported from Italy to Dubai is described. The opportunistic role ofD. repensmight explain the presence of asymptomatic carriers, the concurrent observation of nondermatological signs, and the development of dermatitis in a subgroup of parasitized dogs.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN SERBIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
GORAN IVANČEVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
State System ◽  
Modern State ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
State Organization ◽  
National Significance

Local self government, as a phenomenon, was established before the emergence of a modern state. Its role and significance has remained unsurpassed in nowadays world generally, and especially in modern states. The position that self-government has today is derived from the functions that this institution has in a modern state system. Namely, local self-government represents the basis of the state system in a narrower functional sense because it performs tasks that are important for the local community. However, it has a broader political and organizational significance, because, without that level of state organization, it would be almost impossible to reach numerous democratic achievements such as: citizen participation in public affairs, sharing power, decentralization (i.e. devolution of power), the exercise of certain rights and freedom, activities of civil society, etc. The importance of local self-government in Serbia is reflected in its historical role, inherited from tradition, which has outgrown and taken on a certain state-building, institutional and national character. It should also be emphasized that Serbian historiography, as well as other social sciences, to which this topic is related, has not paid enough attention to local self-government as a phenomenon in the context of its significance for the modern Serbian state and society as a whole. Therefore, it would be extremely important to look at this topic in a multidisciplinary manner and to offer scientific answers and facts about the historical, legal, political, and sociological role of local self-government. This work will try to synthesize its historical, political, institutional and national significance, by analyzing the emergence of self-government, that is, its development, which makes it one of the pillars of the Serbian state.

8. Islam and International Relations in the Middle East: From Umma to Nation State

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mandaville
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The Political ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the issue of identity in the Middle East from an Islamic perspective. It shows how Islam, in a variety of forms, has interacted with the domestic, regional, and international politics of the region. The chapter first provides an overview of the history and concepts of Islam and international relations in the Middle East before discussing the relationship between pan-Islam, colonialism, and the establishment of modern nation states in the Middle East, using Egypt and Saudi Arabia as case studies. It then explores the political economy of Islamic revival as well as the role of Islam in Cold War geopolitics and in foreign policymaking. It also considers how globalization has acted as a facilitator of transnational Islam and concludes by assessing how the Arab Spring has created new opportunities and challenges for the Islamic movement, along with their implications for Arab states’ foreign policies.

scholarly journals Mobilised diasporas: Kurdish and Berber movements in comparative perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofra Bengio ◽  
Bruce Maddy-Weitzman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Alternative Conceptions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Nation States

This study is a comparative analysis of the role of diaspora communities in the political and cultural activities of the Kurds and the Berbers (Amazigh) - the two most prominent cases of ethno-national “imagining” among the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region’s two main “non-dominant” ethnic groups. Berbers and Kurds, however heterogeneous and varied their multiple historical experiences, all operate within the realm of territorial nation-states dominated by different ethnic groups which have been historically hostile towards alternative conceptions of the political and social order. Kurdish and Berber diaspora communities have engaged in important intellectual, cultural and political activities on behalf of their respective causes. Inevitably, this has also sharpened the hybrid nature of their identities, in ways which distinguish them from those still residing in the “homeland.” Overall, the Kurdish diaspora is far more mobilised on behalf of the homeland, politically and ethnically, than the Amazigh, a reflection of the advanced state of the Kurdish ethno-national cause. Dûrwelatiyên birêkxistî: Bizavên Kurd û Berberan ji perspektîveka danberhevî Mijara vê lêkolînê hûrbîniyeka danberhevî ye li ser rola civakên dûrwelatî/diyasporayê yên Kurd û Berberan (Amazîng) di çalakiyên wan ên siyasî û çandî da. Ev her du civak du nimûneyên sereke yên xeyalkirina etno-neteweyî ne di nav civakên etnîk yên ne-serdest li herêmên Rojhilata Naverast û Afrîkaya Başur (RNAB). Her çend bi serboriyên xwe yên dirokî ew ne hemcure û ji hev cuda bin jî, Berber û Kurd xebatên xwe di qada netewe-dewletan de dikin ku tê da komên etnîk yên din serdest in. Ev komên serdest ji mêj ve ye dijberê konseptên siyasî û pergalên civakî yên alternatîv in. Civakên dûrwelatî yên Kurd û Berberan li ser nave gelên xwe, xwe têkilî çalakiyên girîng ên ronakbîrî, çandî û siyasî kirine. Bivê-nevê vê yekê bandoreka mezin heye li ser nasnameya wan a durehî/hybrid ku wan cihê dike ji kesên ku li ‘welatî’ mane. Bi giştî, Kurdên dûrwelatî li ser navê hemî welatiyên xwe ji layê siyasî û etnîkî pitir birêkxistî ne ji Berberan ku ev yek jî nişan dide bê doza etno-neteweyî ya Kurdan çendî kemilî ye. دیاسپۆڕای مۆبیلیزەبوو (وەخۆکەوتوو) :بزووتنەوەی کورد و بێربێر لە رۆنگەیەکی بەرئاوردکارانەوە ئەم تۆژینەوەیە، لێکدانەوەیەکی بەرئاوردکارانەیە لە سەر رۆڵی کۆمەڵگای دیاسپۆڕا، لە پەیوەندی لە گەل ئەم چالاکییە سیاسی و کولتوورییانەی کورد و بێربێر (ئامازیغ) – دوو کەیسی هەرە بەرچاو لە "خەیاڵکاری" ئیتنیکی-نەتەوەیی لە نێو دوو گرووپی ئیتنیکی ژێردەستەڵات- لە رۆژهەڵاتی نێوەراست و باکووری ئەفریقا. بێربێر و کورد کە لە بۆاری ئەزموونی مێژووییەوە جیاواز و فرەچەشن، هەردووکیان لە چوارچێوەی خاکی ئەم دەوڵەت-نەتەوانە دا ژیان بە سەر دەبەن کە هەم شوینی ژیانی گرووپی ئیتنیکی جیاوازان و هەم لە بۆاری میژووییەوە لە ئاست چەمکگەلی جیگر لە بەرامبەر رەوشی سیاسی و کۆمەڵایەتی هەنووکەیی دا دوژمنکارییان کردووە. دیاسپۆڕای کورد و بێربێر، لە پەیوەندی لە گەل پرسی نەتەوەیی خۆیانەوە، بەردەوام چالاکی رەوشەنبیری، کولتووری و سیاسیان لە خۆیانەوە نۆاندووە. بە شیوازێکی، هاشاهەڵنەگر، ئەم چالاکییانە بوونەتە هۆکاری بەرجەستەبوونەوەی سروشتی هیبریدی یان دووڕەگانەی شوناسی وان، هەتا ئەم ئاستەی کە ئەوان لە خەڵکی نیشتەجیی ولاتی خۆیان جیاواز دەکاتەوە. بە شێوەیەکی گشتی، دیاسپۆرای کورد لە بەرئاوردکاری لە گەل دیاسپۆرای ئامازیغ، لە لایەن وڵاتی خۆیەوە گەلیک موبلیزەتر، هەم لە بۆاری ئیتنیکی و هەم لە بۆاری سیاسییەوە، نیشاندەری گەشەکردن و پێشکەوتنی پرسی ئیتنیکی-نەتەوەیی کوردە.

The European Nation State: A Great Survivor

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
R.C. Van Caenegem
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Church

Today Europe consists of a great number of nation states – some large like Germany, some small like Latvia – where nationhood coincides with statehood. This situation is the result of political upheavals, such as the Italian resorgimento and the waning of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century, and the dismemberment of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the collapse of the Soviet Union and Communist Yugoslavia in the twentieth century. The process is still going on and the United Kingdom may one day be divided into three nation states, England, Scotland and Ireland. The author explores the origins of the modern state after Europe had passed through the tribal and feudal phases (fifth–twelfth centuries) and the role of the Church in the success of the late medieval monarchies, while making clear that the Church also thwarted their ambition to achieve full sovereignty. The author finally wonders what encouraged the European peoples to achieve independence and national statehood.

14. Introducing Global Politics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lawson
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
State System ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
European State ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
State Actors

This chapter discusses global politics in relation to the phenomenon of globalization. ‘Global politics’ as a field of study encompasses the traditional concerns of International Relations with how states interact under conditions of anarchy, but lays greater emphasis on the role of non-state actors and processes in a globalizing world. The chapter first provides an overview of politics in a globalizing world before explaining the basic distinctions between ‘state’ and ‘nation’ in the context of contemporary global politics. It then considers the variation in state forms and the phenomenon of empire throughout history as well as the historical emergence of the modern state and state system in Europe along with ideas about sovereignty and nationalism against the background of ‘modernity’. It also examines the effective globalization of the European state system through modern imperialism and colonialism and the extent to which these have been productive of contemporary global order.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document