scholarly journals SOURCE IN THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALAYSIA RELATING TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF BRITISH MALAYA IN BETWEEN 1786-1957

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Zaidin Mohd Noor ◽  
Khairi Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Complete Collection ◽  
British Military ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Compass System

This paper aims at the archival sources from the interval the British administered Malaya ranging from the year 1786 to 1957 kept in the National Archives of Malaysia (NAM). The British Administration records were the biggest and virtually complete collection found in NAM and the most popular among researchers who perform the study relating to social, economic, and political in Malaya from the 18th to 20th century. These records shrouded vast of major historical events that happen in Malaya either before and after independence. During the British Malaya epoch, there are as many as 958 sets of record groups containing as many as 714,634 files and 3,652,691 pieces of attachments preserved in NAM. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the record groups and record descriptions, namely the Selangor State Secretary, the Federal Secretariat, the High Commissioner Office, the Malayan Union, and the British Military Administration. These groups are collections of prime records that shaped the country during the existence of the British administration in Malaya. All metadata of these record groups have been included in the COMPASS System (Computerized Archival System and Services). Although there are various other materials in NAM such as materials during the Portuguese, Dutch, and even Japanese invasions, due to the relatively small amount of material added with language constraints make the materials at that timeless popular among researchers, especially the local researchers.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Situation of Kosovan Migrants before and after Migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3001-3009
Author(s):  
Besim Gollopeni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Before And After

In the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, Kosovan society faced numerous social, economic, and political problems. These problems became the main cause of the high rate of migration. Many citizens, especially young people, were forced to migrate to European countries and beyond in the absence of prospects in Kosovo. Unemployed and employed people migrated in search of a better life. Migration from Kosovo continues to be high to this day. Countries like Germany began issuing work visas to Kosovans after 2005, leading many young people to migrate to Germany. To understand the situation of Kosovan migrants before and after migration, the study (N = 350) aimed to investigate the situation of unemployment, employment, and satisfaction with pre - and post-migration earnings. The results show that around 75% of Kosovan migrants were unemployed before migrating and about 50% of those who were employed had low monthly incomes (up to 200 euros), while in the host society this situation has changed positively. The results indicate that, after the migration to the host society, about 85 % of Kosovan migrants are employed, over 50% have high incomes (around 2000 euros), and about one-third have changed their post-migration occupation.

scholarly journals The effects of World War I on marriages between 1914 and 1918 in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Attila Rácz
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Europe

The 20th century has entered the history of Europe as a constant era of wars, crises and dictatorships. This century also marked a series of trials for Hungary. The imprint and long-term effects of the historical events of the period can be well traced with the help of statistical data, therefore the aim of our study is to show how serious and difficult to remedy social, economic and demographic problems can be when people attack people, either with weapons or by another method. In the present study, we analyze the effects of World War I on marriages between 1914 and 1918.

„Arvīd, uz kurieni Tu aizgāji?”: Arvīda Griguļa personības loma Rakstnieku savienības vēsturē

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Madara Eversone
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
State Archive ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact

The article aims to highlight the role of Arvīds Grigulis’ (1906–1989) personality in the Latvian Soviet literary process in the context of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union, attempting to discover the contradictions and significance of Arvīds Grigulis’ personality. Arvīds Grigulis was a long-time member of the Writers’ Union, a member of the Soviet nomenklatura, and an authority of the soviet literary process. His evaluations of pre-soviet literary heritage and writings of his contemporaries were often harsh and ruthless, and also influenced the development of the further literary process. The article is based on the documents of the Central Committee of the Latvian Communist Party, the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union and the Communist Party local organization of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union that are available at the Latvian State Archive of the National Archives of Latvia, as well as memories of Grigulis’ contemporaries. It is concluded that the personality of the writer Arvīds Grigulis, although unfolding less in the context of the Writers’ Union, is essential for the exploration of the soviet literary process and events behind the scenes. The article mainly describes events and episodes taking place until 1965, when Arvīds Grigulis’ influence in the Writers’ Union was more remarkable. Individual and further studies should analyse changes and the impact of his decisions in the cultural process of the 70s and 80s of the 20th century.

La Storia dell’Età Moderna nelle „Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Biblioteken“: lo specchio di un secolo di ricerche

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Irene Fosi
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Papal Court

AbstractThe article examines the topics relating to the early modern period covered by the journal „Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken“ in the hundred volumes since its first publication. Thanks to the index (1898–1995), published in 1997 and the availability online on the website perpectivia.net (since 1958), it is possible to identify constants and changes in historiographical interests. Initially, the focus was on the publication of sources in the Vatican Secret Archive (now the Vatican Apostolic Archive) relating to the history of Germany. The topics covered later gradually broadened to include the history of the Papacy, the social composition of the Curia and the Papal court and Papal diplomacy with a specific focus on nunciatures, among others. Within a lively historiographical context, connected to historical events in Germany in the 20th century, attention to themes and sources relating to the Middle Ages continues to predominate with respect to topics connected to the early modern period.

scholarly journals The analysis of the sacral objects on the territory of the Titel municipality

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Predrag Todorov ◽  
Nenad Mijuk ◽  
Teodora Tošić
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Cultural Monuments

Sacral objects or sanctities represent the buildings used for religious or ritual purposes. The territory of the Titel municipality includes sacral objects built as the consequence o f certain historical events on this territory. All of the objects were built in the period of between 18th and 20th century and some were declared the cultural monuments. In order to assess the value of sacral buildings on the territory o f the municipality of Titel, from the point of view of tourism, it is necessary to perform their complex analysis, determine the significance for this and wider area, determine the current situation and possible opportunities for better promotion, evaluation and overall assessment.

CULTURE OF TURKISTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Zebiniso A. Akhmedova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The article analyzes the culture of Turkestan in the second half of the 19th century. The social, economic, politicaland cultural life of Bukhara during the Mangit dynasty is revealed. Clarified trade and diplomatic relations between Bukhara and Russia.On the basis of the works of Ahmad Donish, the economic and political situation in Bukhara, as well as relations with neighboring countries, are studied. The author draws attention to the military-bureaucratic colonial system of tsarism in Turkestan and reveals the reasons for the emergence of ideas of national liberation in the country. Examples are used to analyze the life of Bukhara before and after the invasion of tsarism

From One Colonialism to Another

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Essential Point ◽  
Roman Archaeology ◽  
British Military ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
Modern Context ◽  
Modern Experience ◽  
Remote Past ◽  
Made In

This chapter demonstrates how theories of modern and ancient colonialism have become interwoven and how this has affected the development of Roman archaeology in the independent countries of the Maghreb. Morocco (1956), Algeria (1963), and Tunisia (1957) gained their independence from France. The Italians held Libya (or parts of it) from 1911 until 1942, when the country fell under the British Military Administration until independence was achieved in 1951. There are inevitably “discrepant experiences” of imperialism and colonialism in the modern context, far from positive for the indigenous people (though nationalist movements grew out of resistance), while some of the old colons still peddle the myth about a lost golden age. It is inevitable in these circumstances that the modern experience should have an impact on the debate about the more remote past. The essential point made in this chapter is that all these different viewpoints must be understood in their modern as well as ancient contexts and that however wrongheaded some theories now appear we should not exclude them from debate.

Classics and archives

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Butler
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
National Park ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Glacier National Park ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Geological Survey Professional Paper ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Us

In 1925, then-Captain AW Stevens of the US Army Air Corps took low-angle, oblique aerial photographs of the spectacular landscape of Glacier National Park, Montana (USA). Two of those photographs, of astonishing clarity, were used in a US Geological Survey Professional Paper published in 1959, but were subsequently assigned to the US National Archives and never utilized again. This paper advocates the usefulness of Stevens’ photographs for documenting landscape change from the early 20th century to the present. Stevens’ photographs illustrate the “state” of numerous Park glaciers in 1925, and are the first known aerial photographs of the Park glaciers. These photographs can be used in comparison to modern photographs to illustrate the extent of glacial recession that has occurred in the Park since 1925.

scholarly journals Citizenship in Chinese and Global History Before and After the 1890s

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
R. Bin Wong
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
European History ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Global History ◽  
European Citizenship ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Persuasive Arguments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Institutional Foundations

AbstractMaarten Prak's Citizens without Nations merits praise for what he has added to our understanding of early modern and modern European history. He presents persuasive arguments and evidence for how variations among early modern European cities and their citizens together with subsequent variations among relations between cities and state shaped the modern relations between European national states and their citizens. Prak also extends the concept of citizenship to China and the Ottoman Empire where neither the ideological, nor the institutional features of European citizenship existed by discussing Chinese and Ottoman urban social, economic, and political practices that in early modern Europe relate to citizenship. Such a move makes invisible the early modern ideological and institutional foundations of the Chinese and Ottoman practices he recounts. It additionally creates the problem of determining how, if at all, what he calls Chinese and Ottoman citizenship mattered to nineteenth-century Chinese and Ottoman subjects as they encountered for the first time Western notions of citizenship. In order to write global history, we need more studies of Chinese, Ottoman, and other histories, which explain the changing political architecture of relations between people and those who ruled them to complement what Maarten Prak's fine study of citizens without nations gives us for European history.

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