Effect of tacrolimus on the expression and function of protease-activated receptor 2 in human keratinocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Protease Activated Receptor 2

scholarly journals Do DLX3 and CD271 Protect Human Keratinocytes from Squamous Tumor Development?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Palazzo ◽  
Alessandra Marconi ◽  
Carlo Pincelli ◽  
Maria I. Morasso
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Development ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Epidermal Differentiation ◽  
Trk Receptor ◽  
Neurotrophin 3 ◽  
Homeobox Transcription Factor ◽  
Epidermal Homeostasis ◽  
Transcription Regulators ◽  
And Function ◽  
Normal Epidermis

Well-regulated epidermal homeostasis depends on the function of different classes of factors, such as transcription regulators and receptors. Alterations in this homeostatic balance may lead to the development of cutaneous squamous tumorigenesis. The homeobox transcription factor DLX3 is determinant for a p53-dependent regulation of epidermal differentiation and modulates skin carcinogenesis. The maintenance of skin homeostasis also involves the action of neurotrophins (NTs) and their receptors, Trk and CD271. While Trk receptor overexpression is a hallmark of cancer, there are conflicting data on CD271 expression and function in cutaneous SCC (cSCC). Previous studies have reported NT receptors expression in head and neck SSC (HNSCC). We show that CD271 is expressed at low levels in primary cSCC cells and the number of CD271+ cells correlates with cell cohesion in SCC spheroids. In normal epidermis, CD271 is expressed in proliferative progenitor cells and DLX3 in terminally differentiated keratinocytes. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 3 (NT3) increase DLX3 expression. In the absence of a functional BDNF receptor TrkB in keratinocytes, we hypothesize that the BDNF-dependent DLX3 response could be mediated via CD271. Altogether, our results support a putative CD271-DLX3 connection in keratinocytes, which might be crucial to preventing squamous skin cancer.

The protease-activated receptor-2 upregulates keratinocyte phagocytosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (17) ◽  
pp. 3093-3101 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.R. Sharlow ◽  
C.S. Paine ◽  
L. Babiarz ◽  
M. Eisinger ◽  
S. Shapiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Tethered Ligand ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Protease Activated Receptor 2

The protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) belongs to the family of seven transmembrane domain receptors, which are activated by the specific enzymatic cleavage of their extracellular amino termini. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the tethered ligand domain (SLIGRL in mouse, SLIGKV in human) can activate PAR-2 without the need for receptor cleavage. PAR-2 activation is involved in cell growth, differentiation and inflammatory processes, and was shown to affect melanin and melanosome ingestion by human keratinocytes. Data presented here suggest that PAR-2 activation may regulate human keratinocyte phagocytosis. PAR-2 activation by trypsin, SLIGRL or SLIGKV increased the ability of keratinocytes to ingest fluorescently labeled microspheres or E. coli K-12 bioparticles. This PAR-2 mediated increase in keratinocyte phagocytic capability correlated with an increase in actin polymerization and *-actinin reorganization, cell surface morphological changes and increased soluble protease activity. Moreover, addition of serine protease inhibitors downmodulated both the constitutive and the PAR-2 mediated increases in phagocytosis, suggesting that serine proteases mediate this functional activity in keratinocytes. PAR-2 involvement in keratinocyte phagocytosis is a novel function for this receptor.

Interleukin-17- and protease-activated receptor 2-mediated production of CXCL1 and CXCL8 modulated by cyclosporine A, vitamin D3 and glucocorticoids in human keratinocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoko TAKEI-TANIGUCHI ◽  
Yasutomo IMAI ◽  
Chika ISHIKAWA ◽  
Yoshiko SAKAGUCHI ◽  
Noboru NAKAGAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Protease Activated Receptor 2

scholarly journals Protease Activated Receptor-2 Expression and Function in Asthmatic Bronchial Smooth Muscle

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e86945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Allard ◽  
Imane Bara ◽  
Guillaume Gilbert ◽  
Gabrielle Carvalho ◽  
Thomas Trian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Bronchial Smooth Muscle ◽  
And Function ◽  
Protease Activated Receptor 2

Expression and function of the keratinocyte integrins

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona M. Watt ◽  
Philip H. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Lateral Migration ◽  
Binding Ability ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Integrin Family

Human keratinocytes express several adhesive receptors of the integrin family. Expression is normally confined to the basal (proliferative) layer of keratinocytes, both in mature epidermis and during development. Altered expression patterns are observed during wound healing, in psoriasis and in squamous cell carcinomas. Keratinocyte integrins are subject to both transcription al and post-translational regulation and ligand binding ability can be modulated independently of expression. Studies with cultured keratinocytes suggest a variety of functions for the receptors: adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins, intercellular adhesion, stratification, lateral migration and the regulation of terminal differentiation. Three distinct subpopulations of basal keratinocytes, with characteristics of stem cells, transit amplifying cells and cells committed to differentiate, can be distinguished on the basis of differences in integrin expression and function.

Expression and function of connexin in normal and transformed human keratinocytes in culture

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1859-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Fitzgerald ◽  
N.E. Fusenig ◽  
P. Boukamp ◽  
C. Piccoli ◽  
M. Mesnil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Short Interfering RNA-Mediated Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Gene Expression and Function during Infection of Human Keratinocytes

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (19) ◽  
pp. 10276-10281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash K. Bhuyan ◽  
Katalin Karikò ◽  
John Capodici ◽  
John Lubinski ◽  
Lauren M. Hook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Short Interfering Rna ◽  
Glycoprotein E ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
And Function ◽  
Interfering Rna ◽  
Hsv 1

ABSTRACT RNA interference (RNAi) is an antiviral mechanism that is activated when double-stranded RNA is cleaved into fragments, called short interfering RNA (siRNA), that prime an inducible gene silencing enzyme complex. We applied RNAi against a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gene, glycoprotein E, which mediates cell-to-cell spread and immune evasion. In an in vitro model of infection, human keratinocytes were transfected with siRNA specific for glycoprotein E and then infected with wild-type HSV-1. RNAi-mediated gene silencing reproduced the small plaque phenotype of a gE-deletion mutant virus. The specificity of gene targeting was demonstrated by flow cytometry and Northern blot analyses. Exogenous siRNA can suppress HSV-1 glycoprotein E expression and function during active infection in vitro through RNAi. This work establishes RNAi as a genetic tool for the study of HSV and provides a foundation for development of RNAi as a novel antiviral therapy.

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