Expression and function of the keratinocyte integrins

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona M. Watt ◽  
Philip H. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Lateral Migration ◽  
Binding Ability ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Integrin Family

Human keratinocytes express several adhesive receptors of the integrin family. Expression is normally confined to the basal (proliferative) layer of keratinocytes, both in mature epidermis and during development. Altered expression patterns are observed during wound healing, in psoriasis and in squamous cell carcinomas. Keratinocyte integrins are subject to both transcription al and post-translational regulation and ligand binding ability can be modulated independently of expression. Studies with cultured keratinocytes suggest a variety of functions for the receptors: adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins, intercellular adhesion, stratification, lateral migration and the regulation of terminal differentiation. Three distinct subpopulations of basal keratinocytes, with characteristics of stem cells, transit amplifying cells and cells committed to differentiate, can be distinguished on the basis of differences in integrin expression and function.

Altered Expression of Extra-Cellular Matrix Proteins and Integrin Receptors in Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-371
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Giannelli ◽  
Concetta Sgarra ◽  
Caterina Foti ◽  
Carlo Bergamini ◽  
Carmela Coviello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Extra Cellular Matrix ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Integrin Receptors ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Cellular Matrix

scholarly journals Ras, TrkB, and ShcA Protein Expression Patterns in Pediatric Brain Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2219
Author(s):  
Monika Prill ◽  
Agnieszka Karkucinska-Wieckowska ◽  
Magdalena Lebiedzinska-Arciszewska ◽  
Giampaolo Morciano ◽  
Agata Charzynska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Astrocytic Tumors ◽  
Embryonal Tumors ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Malignancy Grade ◽  
Oligodendroglial Tumors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Numerous papers have reported altered expression patterns of Ras and/or ShcA proteins in different types of cancers. Their level can be potentially associated with oncogenic processes. We analyzed samples of pediatric brain tumors reflecting different groups such as choroid plexus tumors, diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors, embryonal tumors, ependymal tumors, and other astrocytic tumors as well as tumor malignancy grade, in order to characterize the expression profile of Ras, TrkB, and three isoforms of ShcA, namely, p66Shc, p52Shc, and p46Shc proteins. The main aim of our study was to evaluate the potential correlation between the type of pediatric brain tumors, tumor malignancy grade, and the expression patterns of the investigated proteins.

scholarly journals Betulinic Acid Affects the Energy-Related Proteomic Profiling in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2482
Author(s):  
Ching-Feng Chiu ◽  
Hsin-Yi Chang ◽  
Chun-Yine Huang ◽  
Chen-Zou Mau ◽  
Tzu-Ting Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Pdac Cell ◽  
Cell Growth And Migration ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Clinical Prognosis

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with a 5-year survival rate of <8%. Therefore, finding new treatment strategies against PDAC cells is an imperative issue. Betulinic acid (BA), a plant-derived natural compound, has shown great potential to combat cancer owing to its versatile physiological functions. In this study, we observed the impacts of BA on the cell viability and migratory ability of PDAC cell lines, and screened differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) by an LC-MS/MS-based proteomics analysis. Our results showed that BA significantly inhibited the viability and migratory ability of PDAC cells under a relatively low dosage without affecting normal pancreatic cells. Moreover, a functional analysis revealed that BA-induced downregulation of protein clusters that participate in mitochondrial complex 1 activity and oxidative phosphorylation, which was related to decreased expressions of RNA polymerase mitochondrial (POLRMT) and translational activator of cytochrome c oxidase (TACO1), suggesting that the influence on mitochondrial function explains the effect of BA on PDAC cell growth and migration. In addition, BA also dramatically increased Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) expression and decreased NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) expression, which may be involved in the dampening of PDAC migration. Notably, altered expression patterns of APOA1 and NLRC4 indicated a favorable clinical prognosis of PDAC. Based on these findings, we identified potential proteins and pathways regulated by BA from a proteomics perspective, which provides a therapeutic window for PDAC.

scholarly journals Inhibitors of Chemoresistance Pathways in Combination with Ara-C to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in AML. A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4955
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Rosario Fajardo-Orduña ◽  
Edgar Ledesma-Martínez ◽  
Itzen Aguiñiga-Sánchez ◽  
María de Lourdes Mora-García ◽  
Benny Weiss-Steider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor ◽  
Primary Resistance ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Synergistic Cytotoxicity ◽  
And Function

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common type of leukemia in older adults, is a heterogeneous disease that originates from the clonal expansion of undifferentiated hematopoietic progenitor cells. These cells present a remarkable variety of genes and proteins with altered expression and function. Despite significant advances in understanding the molecular panorama of AML and the development of therapies that target mutations, survival has not improved significantly, and the therapy standard is still based on highly toxic chemotherapy, which includes cytarabine (Ara-C) and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Approximately 60% of AML patients respond favorably to these treatments and go into complete remission; however, most eventually relapse, develop refractory disease or chemoresistance, and do not survive for more than five years. Therefore, drug resistance that initially occurs in leukemic cells (primary resistance) or that develops during or after treatment (acquired resistance) has become the main obstacle to AML treatment. In this work, the main molecules responsible for generating chemoresistance to Ara-C in AML are discussed, as well as some of the newer strategies to overcome it, such as the inclusion of molecules that can induce synergistic cytotoxicity with Ara-C (MNKI-8e, emodin, metformin and niclosamide), subtoxic concentrations of chemotherapy (PD0332991), and potently antineoplastic treatments that do not damage nonmalignant cells (heteronemin or hydroxyurea + azidothymidine).

scholarly journals A UV-Induced Mutation in Neurospora That Affects Translational Regulation in Response to Arginine

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Freitag ◽  
Nelima Dighde ◽  
Matthew S Sachs
Keyword(s):  
Translational Control ◽  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Upstream Open Reading Frame ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Carbamoyl Phosphate ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Reading Frame

The Neurospora crmsu arg-2 gene encodes the small subunit of arginine-specific carbamoyl phosphate synthetase. The levels of arg-2 mRNA and mRNA translation are negatively regulated by arginine. An upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the transcript’s 5′ region has been implicated in arginine-specific control. An arg-2-hph fusion gene encoding hygromycin phosphotransferase conferred arginine-regulated resistance to hygromycin when introduced into N. crassa. We used an arg-2-hph strain to select for UV-induced mutants that grew in the presence of hygromycin and arginine, and we isolated 46 mutants that had either of two phenotypes. One phenotype indicated altered expression of both arg-2-hph and urg-2 genes; the other, altered expression of urg-2-hph but not arg-2. One of the latter mutations, which was genetically closely linked to arg-2-hph, was recovered from the 5′ region of the arg-2-hph gene using PCR. Sequence analyses and transformation experiments revealed a mutation at uORF codon 12 (Asp to Asn) that abrogated negative regulation. Examination of the distribution of ribosomes on arg-2-hph transcripts showed that loss of regulation had a translational component, indicating the uORF sequence was important for Arg-specific translational control. Comparisons with other uORFS suggest common elements in translational control mechanisms.

scholarly journals Microglial Function and Regulation during Development, Homeostasis and Alzheimer’s Disease

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 957
Author(s):  
Brad T. Casali ◽  
Erin G. Reed-Geaghan
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
And Function ◽  
Inflammatory Milieu ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Homeostatic State

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain, deriving from yolk sac progenitors that populate the brain parenchyma during development. During development and homeostasis, microglia play critical roles in synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity, in addition to their primary role as immune sentinels. In aging and neurodegenerative diseases generally, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) specifically, microglial function is altered in ways that significantly diverge from their homeostatic state, inducing a more detrimental inflammatory environment. In this review, we discuss the receptors, signaling, regulation and gene expression patterns of microglia that mediate their phenotype and function contributing to the inflammatory milieu of the AD brain, as well as strategies that target microglia to ameliorate the onset, progression and symptoms of AD.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and analysis of class III peroxidases in Betula pendula

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kewei Cai ◽  
Huixin Liu ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Xiyang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Plant Life Cycle ◽  
Class Iii Peroxidases ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Class III peroxidases (POD) proteins are widely present in the plant kingdom that are involved in a broad range of physiological processes including stress responses and lignin polymerization throughout the plant life cycle. At present, POD genes have been studied in Arabidopsis, rice, poplar, maize and Chinese pear, but there are no reports on the identification and function of POD gene family in Betula pendula. Results We identified 90 nonredundant POD genes in Betula pendula. (designated BpPODs). According to phylogenetic relationships, these POD genes were classified into 12 groups. The BpPODs are distributed in different numbers on the 14 chromosomes, and some BpPODs were located sequentially in tandem on chromosomes. In addition, we analyzed the conserved domains of BpPOD proteins and found that they contain highly conserved motifs. We also investigated their expression patterns in different tissues, the results showed that some BpPODs might play an important role in xylem, leaf, root and flower. Furthermore, under low temperature conditions, some BpPODs showed different expression patterns at different times. Conclusions The research on the structure and function of the POD genes in Betula pendula plays a very important role in understanding the growth and development process and the molecular mechanism of stress resistance. These results lay the theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of Betula pendula.

scholarly journals Macromolecule biosynthesis: a key function of sleep

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslaw Mackiewicz ◽  
Keith R. Shockley ◽  
Micah A. Romer ◽  
Raymond J. Galante ◽  
John E. Zimmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
State Level ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Mouse Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Function Of Sleep ◽  
Cellular Components

The function(s) of sleep remains a major unanswered question in biology. We assessed changes in gene expression in the mouse cerebral cortex and hypothalamus following different durations of sleep and periods of sleep deprivation. There were significant differences in gene expression between behavioral states; we identified 3,988 genes in the cerebral cortex and 823 genes in the hypothalamus with altered expression patterns between sleep and sleep deprivation. Changes in the steady-state level of transcripts for various genes are remarkably common during sleep, as 2,090 genes in the cerebral cortex and 409 genes in the hypothalamus were defined as sleep specific and changed (increased or decreased) their expression during sleep. The largest categories of overrepresented genes increasing expression with sleep were those involved in biosynthesis and transport. In both the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus, during sleep there was upregulation of multiple genes encoding various enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis, as well as proteins for lipid transport. There was also upregulation during sleep of genes involved in synthesis of proteins, heme, and maintenance of vesicle pools, as well as antioxidant enzymes and genes encoding proteins of energy-regulating pathways. We postulate that during sleep there is a rebuilding of multiple key cellular components in preparation for subsequent wakefulness.

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