scholarly journals Design of a TENS knee pad with integrated textile electrodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (03) ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
DUYGU ERDEM AKGÜN ◽  
SEVİL YEŞİLPINAR ◽  
YAVUZ ŞENOL
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Textile Electrodes ◽  
Current Transmission ◽  
American Physical

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is defined as the application of electrical current to the skin for paincontrol by the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). The TENS treatment is extensively preferred since it issafe, not expensive and has no side effects when compared to drug therapy. TENS therapy is applied using clinical orportable type TENS devices and TENS electrodes. However, conventional electrodes are not hygienic because they arenot washable and their sticky structure makes patients uncomfortable. Furthermore, they are not suitable to beintegrated into a smart garment. In this study, a knee pad with integrated electrodes and textile transmission lines havebeen designed and developed to be used for TENS therapy. Electrical resistance values of textile electrodes andtransmission lines which are integrated into the knee pad were measured. The developed knee pad was connected toa commercially available TENS device and electrical current transmission on subjects was tested. Furthermore, washingtests were conducted on the knee pad.

Design and Evaluation of a Modulated TENS Stimulation in Medical Pain Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
L. Bouafif ◽  
N. Ellouze
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Pain Therapy ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Background: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive pain therapy that uses the sensory effects of an electrical current applied to the skin. Some clinical studies demonstrated that this treatment helps to reduce acute and chronic pains, while others gave sometimes contradictory or uncertain conclusions about the performances of this strategy according to pathology classification. The purpose of this study is the development and evaluation of a new modulated version of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation called PWM-TENS. The principle is based on an automatic variation of the stimulation parameters (frequency, amplitude, duration, shape, cyclic ratio) according to the pain evolution. Methods: The study was a controlled clinical trial involving 15 participants, divided into 2 groups. The first experimental group performed modulated PWM-TENS electro-stimulation sessions applied to the painful areas 3 to 4 times a day, for one month. The second control group did parallel treatments by Placebo. The evaluation of the pain intensity is done with the Visual Analog Scale (EVA), the DN4 and SF36 questionnaires. Results: The tests and measurements with our embedded PWM-TENS technique demonstrated that we succeeded to increase the analgesic effect after stopping the stimulation and reduced the pain sensation by about 60%. An improvement in pain intensity scores and questionnaires (EVA, DN4), as well as the quality of life score (SF36), was observed. Also, a reduction of the treatment period from 3 to 1 month was also obtained. Conclusion: The first results clinically observed in the PWM-TENS technique are encouraging. The findings of this study confirm that this noninvasive strategy is suitable and useful for acute pains coming from the nociceptive, neuropathic and musculoskeletal origin. However, its efficiency is moderated and less adapted for low back pain. The experiments make it possible to estimate whether this modulated TENS method could improve existing anti-pain therapies, taking into account objective and subjective evaluation criteria. But this study must be followed by large population samples to answer all the problems of acute and chronic pains.

Effect of the Frequency of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on the Postoperative Opioid Analgesic Requirement and Recovery Profile 

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1232-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Hamza ◽  
Paul F. White ◽  
Hesham E. Ahmed ◽  
El-sayed A. Ghoname
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Anesthetic Technique ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Analgesic Requirement ◽  
Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Mixed Frequency ◽  
Group I

Background Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) at either an acupoint or dermatome corresponding to the surgical incision produces comparable decreases in postoperative opioid requirements and opioid-related side effects. However, the effect of the frequency of the electrical stimulus on the postoperative analgesic response to TENS therapy has not been studied. Methods One hundred women undergoing major gynecological procedures with a standardized general anesthetic technique were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to four groups: group I, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) plus sham TENS (no stimulation); group II, PCA plus low-frequency (2-Hz) TENS; group m, PCA plus high-frequency (100-Hz) TENS; group IV, PCA plus mixed-frequency (2- and 100-Hz) TENS. The PCA device was programmed to deliver 2-3 mg intravenous boluses of morphine with a lockout interval of 10 min. The TENS device was used every 2 h during the day. Standard 100-mm visual analog scales were used to assess pain, sedation, fatigue, and nausea at specific intervals after surgery. Results Mixed frequency (2 and 100 Hz) of stimulation decreased morphine requirements by 53% compared with the sham group; low (2-Hz) and high (100-Hz) frequencies produced 32% and 35% decreases, respectively. All three "active" TENS groups reduced the duration of PCA therapy, as well as the incidence of nausea, dizziness, and itching. Conclusions TENS decreased postoperative opioid analgesic requirements and opioid-related side effects when utilized as an adjunct to PCA after lower abdominal surgery. Use of TENS at mixed (2- and 100-Hz) frequencies of stimulation produced a slightly greater opioid-sparing effect than either low (2-Hz) or high (100 Hz) frequencies alone.

scholarly journals Comparison of Efficacy of Nortriptyline Versus Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Painful Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-411
Author(s):  
Mehrnoosh Zakerkish ◽  
Davood Raeisi ◽  
Shahram Rafie ◽  
Mohammad Jafar Shaterzadeh Yazdi ◽  
Zahra Kosarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract Background and aims: Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and is difficult to treat. Existing treatments are often inadequate at controlling pain and limited by side-effects and drug tolerance. This study assessed the efficacy of nortriptyline versus Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in patients with DPNP. Material and method: This is a randomized clinical trial study conducted on 39 patients with DPNP referring to Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz in 2017. Patients were randomly treated with TENS (18 sessions, each session 30 minutes; n=20) or nortriptyline (25 to 75 mg, once daily; n=19) for 6 weeks. Patients were evaluated for side effects and pain relief using visual analog scale (VAS). Results: There was a significant improvement in pain with both treatments compared with baseline (p˂0.001). The patients in nortriptyline group experienced more pain relief (7.21±1.51 to 0.84±1.34) than the TENS group (7.6±1.47 to 2.75 ±2.43) (P=0.001). The 50% pain relief was observed in 14 patients (73%) in nortriptyline group, 6 patients (30%) in TENS group. Moreover, the side effects were seen in 15% of TENS and 55% of patients in nortriptyline groups (P=0.019). Conclusion: Both TENS and nortriptyline were effective and safe in the management of DPNP. But nortriptyline showed a better performance on pain relief.

Introduction

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Electric Fish ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Intact Surface

Using electricity to relieve pain is an age-old technique that pre-dates the discovery of electricity. The ancient Egyptians used electric fish to treat various ailments. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a technique that delivers pulsed electrical currents across the intact surface of the skin to stimulate peripheral nerves using a ‘standard TENS device’ and conductive electrodes. TENS is principally used as a stand-alone treatment or as an adjunct to core treatment for symptomatic relief of most types of pain. TENS is popular with patients and practitioners because it is non-invasive, easy to administer, and has few side-effects or drug interactions. The purpose of this chapter is to overview what TENS is, why it is used, its history, and terminology used in the TENS literature

scholarly journals The Role of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in the Management of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 984-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Habib Awan
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disorder ◽  
Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Joint Disorder

ABSTRACT Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) constitutes of a group of diseases that functionally affect the masticatory system, including the muscles of mastication and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). A number of etiologies with specific treatment have been identified, including the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). The current paper presents a literature review on the use of TENS in the management of TMD patients. Temporomandibular joint disorder is very common disorder with approximately 75% of people showing some signs, while more than quarter (33%) having at least one symptom. An attempt to treat the pain should be made whenever possible. However, in cases with no defined etiology, starting with less intrusive and reversible techniques is prescribed. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is one such treatment modality, i.e. useful in the management of TMD. It comprises of controlled exposure of electrical current to the surface of skin, causing hyperactive muscles relaxation and decrease pain. Although the value of TENS to manage chronic pain in TMD patients is still controversial, its role in utilization for masticatory muscle pain is significant. However, an accurate diagnosis is essential to minimize its insufficient use. Well-controlled randomized trials are needed to determine the utilization of TENS in the management of TMD patients. How to cite this article Awan KH, Patil S. The Role of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in the Management of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(12):984-986.

COMBINATION OF POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE AND PROPYLTHIOURACIL IN THE TREATMENT OF THYROTOXICOSIS

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Røkke ◽  
J. H. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Potassium Perchlorate ◽  
Plasma Total Cholesterol

ABSTRACT A report is given on 95 thyrotoxic patients treated with a combination of 400 mg propylthiouracil and 400 mg of potassium perchlorate. Perchlorate was stopped when a marked remission of symptoms was obtained, on an average after less than 7 weeks. Euthyroidism was found on an average after 7.2 weeks. The basal metabolic rate, PBI, plasma total cholesterol and weight showed a fairly rapid normalization. Thirteen of the 95 patients were given radio-iodine therapy shortly before drug therapy was started. The remaining 82 cases were grouped together with the 23 cases previously reported. Of the total of 105 cases, 96 became euthyroid on combined therapy. For the frequency of side-effects, the thirteen cases mentioned above were included, giving a total of 118 cases. Eight cases showed an increase in goitre size and 15 cases had other side-effects, of which three were granulocytopenia due to propylthiouracil. The possibility of a higher frequency of mainly minor side-effects on combined therapy has to be balanced against the seemingly rapid and reliable therapeutic effect. Combined treatment, perhaps with even smaller doses than reported here, can be recommended in selected cases of thyrotoxicosis where a shortening of the thyrotoxic state seems of importance, or possibly where difficulties due to iodine exposure may be anticipated, provided adequate control measures are taken.

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