scholarly journals Influence of dye structure and temperature on the adsorption of acid dyes onto polyamide 6 knitwear

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (01) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
KERT MATEJA ◽  
PODLIPNIK ČRTOMIR
Keyword(s):  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Dye Structure

In this research, the influence of dye structure and dyeing temperature on the adsorption of acid dyes onto polyamide 6 knitwear (PA 6) was studied. Three acid dyes with different amounts of sulphonic groups, namely C. I. Acid Red 88, C. I. Acid Red 14, and C. I. Acid Red 18 were used. Dyeing was performed in a Launder-ometer apparatus at 40°C and 60°C, at pH 4. The samples were taken out of the apparatus at different time intervals. The results showed that both dye structure and dyeing temperature affected the adsorption of acid dyes onto PA 6 knitwear. The rate and quantity of adsorption increased with an increase in dyeing temperature and a decrease in the number of sulphonic groups in dyes.

scholarly journals The influence of surfactant structure on the dyeing of polyamide knitting with acid dyes

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Nebojsa Ristic ◽  
Ivica Dodic ◽  
Ivanka Ristic
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
Kinetic And Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
High Utilization ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Dyeing Kinetics

The influence of nonionic and anionic surfactants on the dyeing kinetics of polyamide 6 knitting was studied in this work. The influence of surfactants on the dyeing process is presented by determining the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of dyeing. Nonionic surfactants create unstable polydisperse associates which reduce the concentration of individual ionic forms of dyes in the solution, slowing down the dyeing process, with the dyeing having higher leveling. Interactions were confirmed by measuring the cloud point of nonionic surfactants and they are stronger with more hydrophobic dye and are related to the results of the studied dyeing kinetics. The anionic surfactant as a retarding agent, which behaves like a colorless dye in the studied dyeing system, makes a significant contribution even at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 g/dm3, indicating the conclusion that the surfactant concentration in a dyeing solution should be optimized by previous trials, so that the process would be efficient with high utilization of dye.

scholarly journals Langmuir isotherm models applied to the sorption of acid dyes from effluent onto polyamide nanofibers

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Jakub Wiener ◽  
Guocheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Simulated Effluent ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Acid Blue

Abstract The ability of polyamide 6 nanofibers membrane (P6NM) to remove acid dyes from effluent solution by adsorption has been studied. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of three acid dyes, Acid blue 41 (AB41), Acid blue 78 (AB78), and Acid yellow 42 (AY42), on P6NM were measured experimentally. Simulated wastewater of acid dyes with the concentration of 10 mg/L for sorption process electrospun polyamide 6 with mass per unit area 12 g/m2 was used as the sorbent material. Ten sets of P6NM were dipped in separate simulated effluent. The weight of the original P6NM and the concentration of left solution were detected. Results were analyzed by the Langmuir equation using a linearized correlation coefficient. And it showed that all the dyes tested could follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, which gave excellent correlation for all the dyes.

Preparation and characterization of cationic dyeable polycaprolactam modified with 5-sulfoisophthalic acid sodium and poly(ethylene glycol)

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Kun Xiong ◽  
Cui-Yu Yin
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chain Molecules ◽  
Amine Groups ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Unmodified nylon is dyeable to a single color only, and is almost exclusively dyed with acid dyes that are absorbed with amine groups of nylon molecules. Two types of polycaprolactam (PA6) copolyamide were successfully prepared with 5-sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) units named cationic dyeable polyamide (CD-PA6) and easy cationic dyeable polyamide (ECD-PA6). The chemical and crystalline structures of CD-PA6 and ECD-PA6 were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and wide angle x-ray diffraction, and their thermal properties were tested by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. In addition, the rheological behavior and mechanical properties of copolyamide are presented in this paper. The influence of chemical modification in polyamide 6 fibers on the dyeing properties was investigated using cationic dye (methylene blue). The incorporation of PEG not only destroyed the regularity of the molecular chain arrangement and created more amorphous regions of ECD-PA6 samples, but also led to nylon 6 changing from the α-form to the γ-form. In addition, the crystallinities and degradation temperatures of samples which corresponded to different mass losses of CD-PA 6 and ECD-PA6 declined as the sulfonic group content increased, since large –SO3Na side groups in the copolymers prevented the chain molecules from tightly coagulating and obstructed the formation of larger crystals. Based on the analysis of the dyeing, a distinct improvement in tinctorial affinity and wash fastness for modified fibers compared with unmodified fibers was revealed.

Rotational Characteristics of the Green Solar Corona: 1947-1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 139-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rybák ◽  
V. Rušin ◽  
M. Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronal Emission Line ◽  
Homogeneous Data

AbstractFe XIV 530.3 nm coronal emission line observations have been used for the estimation of the green solar corona rotation. A homogeneous data set, created from measurements of the world-wide coronagraphic network, has been examined with a help of correlation analysis to reveal the averaged synodic rotation period as a function of latitude and time over the epoch from 1947 to 1991.The values of the synodic rotation period obtained for this epoch for the whole range of latitudes and a latitude band ±30° are 27.52±0.12 days and 26.95±0.21 days, resp. A differential rotation of green solar corona, with local period maxima around ±60° and minimum of the rotation period at the equator, was confirmed. No clear cyclic variation of the rotation has been found for examinated epoch but some monotonic trends for some time intervals are presented.A detailed investigation of the original data and their correlation functions has shown that an existence of sufficiently reliable tracers is not evident for the whole set of examinated data. This should be taken into account in future more precise estimations of the green corona rotation period.

Prolonged Fixation Studies For Spaceflight

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
Robert Corbett ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
Sam Black
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Large Numbers

Observation of subtle or early signs of change in spaceflight induced alterations on living systems require precise methods of sampling. In-flight analysis would be preferable but constraints of time, equipment, personnel and cost dictate the necessity for prolonged storage before retrieval. Because of this, various tissues have been stored in fixatives and combinations of fixatives and observed at various time intervals. High pressure and the effect of buffer alone have also been tried.Of the various tissues embedded, muscle, cartilage and liver, liver has been the most extensively studied because it contains large numbers of organelles common to all tissues (Fig. 1).

Ultrastructure of Lymphatic Capillaries in the Transport of Colloidal Particles

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
L. V. Leak ◽  
J. F. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Thorium Dioxide ◽  
Lymphatic Capillary ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Rapid Removal ◽  
Tissue Fluids

The vital role played by the lymphatic capillaries in the transfer of tissue fluids and particulate materials from the connective tissue area can be demonstrated by the rapid removal of injected vital dyes into the tissue areas. In order to ascertain the mechanisms involved in the transfer of substances from the connective tissue area at the ultrastructural level, we have injected colloidal particles of varying sizes which range from 80 A up to 900-mμ. These colloidal particles (colloidal ferritin 80-100A, thorium dioxide 100-200 A, biological carbon 200-300 and latex spheres 900-mμ) are injected directly into the interstitial spaces of the connective tissue with glass micro-needles mounted in a modified Chambers micromanipulator. The progress of the particles from the interstitial space into the lymphatic capillary lumen is followed by observing tissues from animals (skin of the guinea pig ear) that were injected at various time intervals ranging from 5 minutes up to 6 months.

Differences in the Perception of Empty and Filled Time Intervals by Pigeons

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Santi ◽  
Dwayne Keough ◽  
Patrick Van Rooyen
Keyword(s):  
Time Intervals

In Vitro Incorporation of Sodium Acetate-l-C14 into Leukocyte Lipids of Normal and Leukaemic Subjects as a Function of Incubation Time

1962 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
C Miras ◽  
G Lewis ◽  
J Mantzos
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Linear Part ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cytostatic Agents ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Product Relation

Summary1. Separated leukocytes or total blood from normal subjects, untreated leukaemic patients and from leukaemic patients treated with cytostatic agents were incubated with CH3COONa-l-C14. Radioactivity of mixed lipids was measured at standard time intervals.2. The time incorporation curve observed with leukocytes from treated leukaemic patients showed after an initial linear part, a more rapid levelling off than the curves observed with leukocytes from untreated and normal subjects.3. Therefore, an indirect effect of treatment on leukocyte lipid synthesis seems to be present.4. Phospholipid and neutral lipid synthesis by leukaemic leukocytes was also studied. The results give no evidence that these fractions as a whole have any precursor-product relation.

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