scholarly journals Life writing as a source for local population history

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
Colin G Pooley ◽  
Marilyn E Pooley
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Population History ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Community Impacts ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
Personal Accounts

Diaries and other forms of life writing can add significantly to the study of local populations and societies, especially when used in conjunction with more conventional aggregate sources. All the key demographic events have important personal and emotional resonances that can never be revealed by statistical analysis of births, marriages or deaths. Personal accounts can add meaning to population history and demonstrate the familial and community impacts of key life events. In this paper we examine the strengths and weaknesses of different types of life writing, and then focus on the ways in which personal diaries may provide insights into the meanings and implications of life events such as courtship, marriage, childbirth, illness and death. Examples are drawn from a range of diaries written in Britain between the 1840s and 1950s.

scholarly journals Geographical Gradients of Genetic Diversity and Differentiation among the Southernmost Marginal Populations of Abies sachalinensis Revealed by EST-SSR Polymorphism

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Kitamura ◽  
Kentaro Uchiyama ◽  
Saneyoshi Ueno ◽  
Wataru Ishizuka ◽  
Ikutaro Tsuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Distribution Center ◽  
Population History ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Abies Sachalinensis ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Longitudinal Gradients

Research Highlights: We detected the longitudinal gradients of genetic diversity parameters, such as the number of alleles, effective number of alleles, heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficient, and found that these might be attributable to climatic conditions, such as temperature and snow depth. Background and Objectives: Genetic diversity among local populations of a plant species at its distributional margin has long been of interest in ecological genetics. Populations at the distribution center grow well in favorable conditions, but those at the range margins are exposed to unfavorable environments, and the environmental conditions at establishment sites might reflect the genetic diversity of local populations. This is known as the central-marginal hypothesis in which marginal populations show lower genetic variation and higher differentiation than in central populations. In addition, genetic variation in a local population is influenced by phylogenetic constraints and the population history of selection under environmental constraints. In this study, we investigated this hypothesis in relation to Abies sachalinensis, a major conifer species in Hokkaido. Materials and Methods: A total of 1189 trees from 25 natural populations were analyzed using 19 EST-SSR loci. Results: The eastern populations, namely, those in the species distribution center, showed greater genetic diversity than did the western peripheral populations. Another important finding is that the southwestern marginal populations were genetically differentiated from the other populations. Conclusions: These differences might be due to genetic drift in the small and isolated populations at the range margin. Therefore, our results indicated that the central-marginal hypothesis held true for the southernmost A. sachalinensis populations in Hokkaido.

Hearing and Believing: Listening Experiences as Religious Experiences in Nineteenth-Century British Methodism

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-402
Author(s):  
Martin V. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Religious Experiences ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
Communication Of Meaning

This article uses Jeff Astley's concept of ordinary theology (Jeff Astley, Ordinary Theology: Looking, Listening and Learning in Theology (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002)) to examine and interpret listening experiences from nineteenth-century Methodist sources. It argues that the participatory experiences of singing together with fellow believers were crucial to the development and sustenance of personal faith, and that believers shared accounts of such experiences in ways that they knew would be understood by their readers as indicative of the depth and sincerity of their spirituality. It further contends that the widely recognized importance of hymnody in Methodism demands attention to its practice as well its content, and that while the lyrics of hymns set out Methodist theology and doctrine, the participative experience of communal singing was itself invested with meaning and value by many lay Methodists. Ordinary theology provides a framework through which common features of these accounts are identified and discussed, emphasizing the importance of various forms of life writing in understanding the ways in which religious practice shaped the lives and interactions of individual believers. The article also explores differences between different types of published and unpublished life writing. While examples are drawn from different branches of nineteenth-century Methodism, it is argued that hymnody's potential for creating spiritually intense experiences was commonly recognized and affirmed across them. This article contributes to the wider discussion of the significance of listening experiences by emphasizing music's vital role in the construction and communication of meaning between individuals on matters of deeply personal value.

Multidirectional War and Paramilitarism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Balkelis
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cycle Of Violence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Socially Motivated

This chapter, by following the course of military actions in Lithuania in 1919, explores the emergence of various military and paramilitary groups that engaged in different types of violence. The focus here is on the entanglement of three types of actors: those that performed state-sanctioned violence; those that acted as semi-independent paramilitary agents, and those that engaged in ethnically or socially motivated violence on a local level. The ability of the Lithuanian government to survive the series of military engagements in 1919 enhanced its legitimacy among the local population, and laid the foundation for a modern Lithuanian identity among the masses. Yet the new state and national identity were shaped in a continuous cycle of violence, social strife, mobilization, and militarization of society.

Aspects of the Relationships between the Community of Sheikh Abd al-Qurna and Ancient Egyptian Monuments

2020 ◽  
pp. 507-522
Author(s):  
Andrew Bednarski ◽  
Gemma Tully
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Complex Relationships

Epigraphers and archaeologists working in Egypt must navigate a host of complex relationships both on and off site. This chapter explores the multifaceted nature of local Egyptian peoples’ relationships with nearby monuments through the lens of a single case study: the site of Sheikh Abd al-Qurna and its local population, the Qurnawi. Egyptologists have not traditionally sought to incorporate formally the stories and histories of local populations in their studies of pharaonic sites. An increasing blend of social awareness and the desire for social action on the part of both foreign professionals and local activists, however, is pushing Egyptologists to re-evaluate their practices, which, in turn, is moving the discipline in new and positive directions.

scholarly journals Negative Life Events, Social Ties, and Depressive Symptoms for Older Adults in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 580-580
Author(s):  
Hangqing Ruan ◽  
Feinian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Old Age Support ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Negative life events are considered important risk factors of depression among older adults. An overwhelming amount of literature suggests that individuals with the most supportive social relations tend to make a better recovery from stressful life events. As for which types of ties matter the most, whether being family, relatives, friends or the broader community, existing literature is much less consistent and has documented varying effects across different contexts. This study is set in China, which traditionally relies on family systems and filial obligations for old-age support. Using two waves of data from China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey, we examine the protective effect of different types of social relations on depressive symptoms, including those who are living in the household, children who live close by or far away, as well as their ties with family, relatives, and friends.

Modeling a multi-layered blockchain framework for digital services that governments can implement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Fernando Rebollar ◽  
Rocío Aldeco-Perez ◽  
Marco A. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Information Security ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Electronic Network ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cryptographic Techniques

The general population increasingly uses digital services, meaning services which are delivered over the internet or an electronic network, and events such as pandemics have accelerated the need of using new digital services. Governments have also increased their number of digital services, however, these digital services still lack of sufficient information security, particularly integrity. Blockchain uses cryptographic techniques that allow decentralization and increase the integrity of the information it handles, but it still has disadvantages in terms of efficiency, making it incapable of implementing some digital services where a high rate of transactions are required. In order to increase its efficient, a multi-layer proposal based on blockchain is presented. It has four layers, where each layer specializes in a different type of information and uses properties of public blockchain and private blockchain. An statistical analysis is performed and the proposal is modeled showing that it maintains and even increases the integrity of the information while preserving the efficiency of transactions. Besides, the proposal can be flexible and adapt to different types of digital services. It also considers that voluntary nodes participate in the decentralization of information making it more secure, verifiable, transparent and reliable.

Who Wins and Who Loses in the Provincial Courts of Appeal? A Statistical Analysis, 1920–1990

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter McCormick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Data Base ◽  
The United States ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Party Capability ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Appeal Courts ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractGiven the visibility and obvious importance of judicial power in the age of the Charter, it is important to develop the conceptual vocabulary for desribing and assessing this power. One such concept that has been applied to the study of appeal courts in the United States and Great Britain is “party capability”, a theory which suggests that different types of litigant will enjoy different levels of success as both appellant and respondent. Using a data base derived from the reported decisions of the provincial courts of appeal for the second and seventh year of each decade since the 1920s, this article applies party capability theory to the performance of the highest courts of the ten provinces; comparisons are attempted across regions and across time periods, as well as with the findings of similar studies of American and British courts.

scholarly journals Impact Des Facteurs Intersubjectifs Sur L'engagement Des Cadres Ivoiriens Au Développement De Leur Localité d’Origine

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (32) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Daboné Inoussa ◽  
Méité Zoumana
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Personal Commitment ◽  
Rural And Urban

Despite the policy of developing localities initiated by the Ivorian state, disparities between rural and urban populations are still obvious. The lack of interest in this process of development from localities’ native executives is highlighted. The present survey tempts to examine this lack of personal commitment from executives in relation with intersubjective factors such as sympathy, autonomy, mystical practices and communication. In so doing, a sample of 121 executives from the Ivorian public administration are selected rationally in the purpose of data collection through a questionnaire. Statistical analysis indicate that, except the autonomy to bring innovations in rural areas, the targeted intersubjective factors have a significant impact on the executives' level of commitment in their locality’s development. As regards to practical repercussions, these results underline the necessity to develop the local populations’ mind of sympathy and communication towards their executives. Local populations have also to put an end to any mystical practice able to frighten their native executives if they want them to fully take part in the development of their different localities.

scholarly journals Assessment of Gender Differences in Depression- A Cross-Sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Tushar Agravat
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

Background and Aim: Major depression in both women and men is a debilitating disorder that disrupts relationship and daily lives and affects nearly 10% of general populations. The aims and objectives of this study were to determine the gender differences in major depression with respect to following: Demographic characteristics, Clinical manifestations, Stressful life events, Risk factors. Materials and Methods: Total of 100 patients was included in the study. All the included patients meet the criteria for DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) diagnosis of major depression. The included patients were interviewed at the department of Psychiatry, B. J. Medical College & civil hospital Ahmedabad. Based on the Life Events Scale by Holmes and Rahe (1967), its Indian adaptation PSLE (Presumptive stressful life events scale) was done by Gurmeet Singh (1983). The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS IX version. Results: Their ages range from 18 to 70 years. Most of the patients were married, were from urban background, and nuclear family. On Hamilton Depression rating scale when the statistical analysis was done, there was no significant difference between males and females. Men had higher mean life events score than women but this was not statistically significant. In female, there was significant positive correlation between number of life events in one year and severity of depression as well as impact score during one year prior to onset of depression and Hamilton rating scores. Conclusion: Male and female major depression patients did not differ as regards demographic characteristics, except that most women were homemakers and men were employed. Number of stressful life events experienced during 1 year prior to onset of MDD was similar. Early insomnia, middle insomnia and somatic symptoms general were more severely present in female patients.

Characterization of Phytophthora infestans populations in Cyprus, the southernmost potato-producing European country.

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loukas Kanetis ◽  
Lambros Pittas ◽  
Nikolaos Nikoloudakis ◽  
David E. L. Cooke ◽  
Nicolas Ioannou
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Population History ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Asexual Population ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Genotypic Analysis

Cyprus is the southernmost island country of Europe located in the Mediterranean and despite its limited area, potato production is considered an integral source of the national agricultural revenue. During 2010-2012, a late blight-epidemic period for the country, the population structure of Phytophthora infestans was analyzed via a sample of 539 isolates collected from all the main potato-cultivating regions of Cyprus. We determined mating type, mefenoxam sensitivity, and genetic polymorphism at 12 simple sequence repeat (SSRs) loci. Although both mating types were detected in the country, a gradual -but dynamic- shift towards A2 dominance was manifested over time. The pathogen population also demonstrated reduced sensitivity to the phenylamide fungicide, since 96.2% of the tested isolates had high (70.3%) and intermediate resistance (25.9%) to mefenoxam, suggesting it should be replaced with other active ingredients in local disease management strategies. The genotypic analysis also revealed the predominance of the highly aggressive, mefenoxam-insensitive EU_13_A2 lineage across the country with a frequency of 79.2%. Other samples comprised an older lineage EU_2_A1 (19.5%), a very low proportion of EU_23_A1 (0.37%), and others that did not match any known lineage (0.92%). SSRs data supported triploid genomes among the dominant lineages and patterns of their asexual population history were also apparent. High sub-clonal variation of the 13_A2 population was detected, suggesting introduction events of this widespread genotype to Cyprus from major tuber exporting countries. Present data indicate the severe impact of inoculum migration to the structure of the local population; thus, current phytosanitary procedures should be reconsidered and possibly attuned. This is the first comprehensive study to elucidate the diversity of P. infestans in Cyprus and could serve as a baseline for future monitoring of this highly adaptive plant pathogen since late blight management strategies should be constantly refined according to the traits of the dominant genotypes of P. infestans.

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