INDICATORS FOR MEASURING DIALOGIC SPEECH AT PRE-SCHOOL AGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1075-1078
Author(s):  
Delyana Chuhovska
Keyword(s):  
School Age ◽  
Language System ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
Ferdinand De Saussure ◽  
System A ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dynamic Exchange

One of the most important achievements of child development is the learning of a language and its activation through speech. Ferdinand de Saussure believes that “people use the rules of language to produce speech” [1]. In his essay “Course in general linguistics” he distinguishes between language, speech and speech activity. In his view, language is an element of speech activity, but it itself is an integrality. He describes speech activity as heterogeneous and belonging to both the individual and the social sphere. Saussure defines speech as an individual expression of language. Language is a system; speech - its realization.As means of communication, language can be considered as a social, biological or socio-psychological phenomenon. Itsdevelopment begins with birth and continues throughout life. The most intensive processes are those of its adoption in pre-school age. Through spoken communication, children meet their natural need for self-expression, self-assertion and self-actualization. Through the adopted language knowledge they exchange information and express their needs, thoughts, desires and feelings. This dynamic exchange of personally meaningful information through verbal channels can be defined as a dialogic associated speech.In the second half of the last century ontogenetic psycholinguistics greatly expanded its knowledge of how children master the language system, focusing on the linkage of linguistic ontogenesis with the perceptual and cognitive development of children.Linguistics describes the language system as a complex set of three main components with five distinct areas of linguistic functioning, which are differentiated in accordance to the content. Bloom and Lahey (1978) define the basic components of the language system: “a form, content and use” [2].If we accept Bloom and Lahey’s theory of the basic components of language and Chomsky’s theory (speech is an individual expression of language) when looking for criteria to study the dialogue in children, we can assume that dialogue is a process of dynamic exchange of structured language units of speech united by a mutually recognizable form which is structured in accordance to content.The main problem in exploring dialogic speech is the selection of the indicators with the help of which it will be measured. The factually measurable structures - productivity, autonomy, lexical-grammatical shaping of dialogue and integrity (according to Daskalova) are selected for the purposes of the study.

scholarly journals Overcoming Communicative Deadaptation of Speech Passive Children of Pre-School Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-159
Author(s):  
Лариса Зданевич ◽  
Катерина Крутій
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
School Age ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Theoretical Developments

Introduction. The article analyzes the child’s speech concerning the individual peculiarities. It is about the formation of the communicative competence of the child. It is revealed that this process involves aspects: the acquisition of skills in the system-language and directly in the communicative spheres. Objectives – to structure theoretical developments of the problem under research, to emphasize their contribution into general approaches to speech activity of pre-school children, to single out groups of speech-passive children on the basis of communicative deadaptation. Research methods and techniques. The typological groups of speech-passive children have been singled out: «operational-technical», «motivational», «partial» or «selective» speech passivity. The experimental research on the identification of speech-passive children has been planned and carried out. The Heidelberger Speech Development Test has been used to diagnose the speech abilities of children aged 3 to 9 and a questionnaire for assessing speech and cognitive development of the child. Results and discussions. The child’s individual speech is understood as a socially and biologically conditioned system of sign psychic configurations, used by the individual both for thinking and for speech communication, which can be both active and passive. The possibilities of using the results of modern interdisciplinary researches to identify communicative maladaptation of senior pre-school children, who are speech-passive, have been revealed. The speech activity of children is defined as a stable personality property, which manifests itself in the ability to perceive and understand the speech of others. The speech passivity of the child is understood as a lower level of speech activity, due to the peculiarities of speech development in ontogenesis. Active and inert types of speech have been characterized. It is concluded that the age of five years has a special significance for onto-psycholinguistic researches. This age is characterized by the crisis of egocentric speech, culminating in its internalization, accompanied by the general communicative maladaptation. Conclusions. It is proved that the violation of the process of communication of speech-passive pre-schoolers is manifested mainly in two varieties, as communicative deficit or communicative exaltation.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНА ДЕТЕРМІНАЦІЯ ДОМІНУЮЧОГО ІНСТИНКТУ У КОНСТРУКТИВНІЙ САМОРЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЖІНОК

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-193
Author(s):  
Ольга Віговська
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Rational Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Age Range

У статті теоретично обґрунтовано феномен конструктивного самозбереження особистості як ознаки самоактуалізації, розкриття власного потенціалу і побудови перспективи розвитку особистості та емпірично виявлено ознаки психологічної детермінації домінуючого інстинкту у конструктивній самореалізації жінок з різним соціальним статусом. Зазначено, що проблема самозбереження асоціюється з особливостями прояву інстинкту самозбереження людини, але потреби вищого порядку зумовлюють соціальну природу її поведінки, яка локалізована у найвищій точці самореалізації. Теоретично обгрунтовано, що самореалізація визначає тенденцію раціональної організації життя людини та проявляється у її почутті задоволеністю життям. З’ясовано, що психологічну основу конструктивного самозбереження становлять індивідуально-типологічні характеристики людини, які відображають психофізіологічні та психосоціальні резерви самореалізації особистості. Розроблена програма емпіричного дослідження, а також комплекс використаних методів математичної обробки результатів дослідження дає змогу конкретизувати психологічний зміст детермінації домінуючого інстинкту у конструктивній самореалізації жінок вікового діапазону 35-45 років та з різним соціальним статусом. У жінок, які виховують проблемну (хвору) дитину, домінує інстинкт "егофільного типу", що виражається у їх надмірному егоцентризмі і супроводжується низькими показниками самоактуалізації, на відміну від досліджуваних жінок, які виховують здорових дітей і у яких на фоні вираженої тенденції до самоактуалізації домінує базовий інстинкт "дослідницького типу" та "лібертофільного типу". This article theoretically proves constructive phenomenon of self identity as signs of self-disclosure own potential and prospects of development of individual construction. In addition, it empirically showes signs of psychological determination of the dominant instinct in a constructive self-determination of women with different social statuses. It was noted that the issue of self-preservation is associated with the peculiarities of manifestation of self-preservation instinct of man, but it needs higher-order cause social nature of the behavior that is localized at the highest point of self-realization. It theorized that self-realization determines the trend of rational organization of human life and manifests itself in its sense of life satisfaction. It was found that the psychological basis of constructive self-preservation of the individual make individually-typological characteristics of a person that reflect physiological and psychosocial reserves of self-realization. The developed program of empirical research, as well as the methods used complex mathematical processing of results of research allows to specify the content of the psychological determination of the dominant instinct of constructive self-realization а women age range of 35-45 years and with different social status. Women who bring up the problem child dominates the instinct of self-preservation, which is reflected in their excessive self-centeredness, and is accompanied by low levels of self-actualization, as opposed to the study of women who are raising healthy children and that against the backdrop of a pronounced tendency to self-actualization, dominated by basic instinct "research type" and "independent type."

scholarly journals Behavioral and Antennal Responses of Tribolium confusum to Varronia globosa Essential Oil and Its Main Constituents: Perspective for Their Use as Repellent

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4393
Author(s):  
Cesar Auguste Badji ◽  
Jean Dorland ◽  
Lynda Kheloul ◽  
Dimitri Bréard ◽  
Pascal Richomme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Stored Product Pest ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Electroantennogram Recordings ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Main Component

Essential oils of aromatic plants represent an alternative to classical pest control with synthetic chemicals. They are especially promising for the alternative control of stored product pest insects. Here, we tested behavioral and electrophysiological responses of the stored product pest Tribolium confusum, to the essential oil of a Brazilian indigenous plant, Varronia globosa, collected in the Caatinga ecosystem. We analyzed the essential oil by GC-MS, tested the effects of the entire oil and its major components on the behavior of individual beetles in a four-way olfactometer, and investigated responses to these stimuli in electroantennogram recordings (EAG). We could identify 25 constituents in the essential oil of V. globosa, with anethole, caryophyllene and spathulenole as main components. The oil and its main component anethole had repellent effects already at low doses, whereas caryophyllene had only a repellent effect at a high dose. In addition, the essential oil abolished the attractive effect of the T. confusum aggregation pheromone. EAG recordings revealed dose-dependent responses to the individual components and increasing responses to the blend and even more to the entire oil. Our study reveals the potential of anethole and the essential oil of V. globosa in the management of stored product pests.

scholarly journals Estidama and the Pearl Rating System: A Comprehensive Review and Alignment with LCA

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5041
Author(s):  
Ayyagari Ramani ◽  
Borja García de Soto
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Sustainable Buildings ◽  
System A ◽  
Robust Implementation ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Sustainability Standards

Multiple sustainability standards and rating systems have been developed to draw attention to constructing sustainable buildings. The Pearl Rating System (PRS) is a mandate for all new construction projects in Abu Dhabi. Hence, it is important to understand the main components, advantages, and limitations of the PRS. The feasibility and the practical relevance of the PRS are still being studied. This paper addresses this gap and critically evaluates the PRS against some of the well-established rating systems like LEED and BREEAM. The analysis suggests that the PRS considers the cultural aspect of sustainability, in addition to the environmental, societal, and economic aspects. It was also found that most rating systems, including the PRS, have a very superficial inclusion of life cycle assessment (LCA). The paper finally concludes with other observations and outlook for a more robust implementation of the PRS.

scholarly journals Biological Effect of Different Spinach Extracts in Comparison with the Individual Components of the Phytocomplex

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Laura Arru ◽  
Francesca Mussi ◽  
Luca Forti ◽  
Annamaria Buschini
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Dependent Activity ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Oxidative Insult

The Mediterranean-style diet is rich in fruit and vegetables and has a great impact on the prevention of major chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In this work we investigated the ability of spinach extracts obtained by different extraction methods and of the single main components of the phytocomplex, alone or mixed, to modulate proliferation, antioxidant defense, and genotoxicity of HT29 human colorectal cells. Spinach extracts show dose-dependent activity, increasing the level of intracellular endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) when tested at higher doses. In the presence of oxidative stress, the activity is related to the oxidizing agent involved (H2O2 or menadione) and by the extraction method. The single components of the phytocomplex, alone or mixed, do not alter the intracellular endogenous level of ROS but again, in the presence of an oxidative insult, the modulation of antioxidant defense depends on the oxidizing agent used. The application of the phytocomplex extracts seem to be more effective than the application of the single phytocomplex components.

scholarly journals Modeling of Tractor Fuel Consumption

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2300
Author(s):  
Bronisław Andrzej Kolator
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
System A ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Adjustment System ◽  
Unit Performance ◽  
Efficiency Indicators

In this paper, the energy diagnostic of tractor performance consists in evaluating the energy (fuel consumption per hectare—dm3 ha−1) for a given agricultural operation and in combining it with working capacity, also called productivity (area productivity—ha h−1). One of the methods of solving this problem is the identification of the functioning process of the machine unit. A model of the process of the machine unit performance was developed, considering the operation of the rear linkage system of the implement with the force control adjustment system. In order to analyze the system, a mathematical model of the system function was built: tractor-implement-soil, defining the physical connections and interdependencies between the individual subsystems of the system. Based on this model, a simulation model was developed and implemented in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The Simulink package was used to test the performance of the machine set. The efficiency indicators according to the adopted criteria were calculated in the evaluation block. To evaluate the process, the technical and operational parameters of the tractor, the type and parameters of the tool, and soil properties were taken into account. The results of simulation studies obtained on a validated model are consistent with experimental data from appropriate soil conditions.

Conspicuous consumption of luxury experiences: an experimental investigation of status perceptions on social media

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Siepmann ◽  
Lisa Carola Holthoff ◽  
Pascal Kowalczuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Conspicuous Consumption ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Purpose As luxury goods are losing their importance for demonstrating status, wealth or power to others, individuals are searching for alternative status symbols. Recently, individuals have increasingly used conspicuous consumption and displays of experiences on social media to obtain affirmation. This study aims to analyze the effects of luxury and nonluxury experiences, as well as traditional luxury goods on status- and nonstatus-related dimensions. Design/methodology/approach After presenting the theoretical foundation, the authors conduct a study with 599 participants to compare status perceptions elicited by the conspicuous consumption of luxury goods, luxury experiences and nonluxury experiences. The authors investigate whether experiences that are visibly consumed on Instagram are replacing traditional luxury goods as the most important status symbols. Furthermore, the authors examine the effects of the content shown on nonstatus-related dimensions and analyze whether status perceptions differ between female and male social media communicators. Finally, the authors analyze how personal characteristics (self-esteem, self-actualization and materialism) influence the status perceptions of others on social media. Findings The results show that luxury goods are still the most important means of displaying status. However, especially for women, luxury experiences are also associated with a high level of social status. Thus, the results imply important gender differences in the perceptions of status- and nonstatus-related dimensions. Furthermore, the findings indicate that, in particular, the individual characteristics of self-actualization and materialism affect status perceptions depending on the posted content. Originality/value While the research has already considered some alternative forms of conspicuous consumption, little attention has been given to experiences as status symbols. However, with their growing importance as substitutes for luxury goods and the rise of social media, the desire to conspicuously consume experiences is increasing. The authors address this gap in the literature by focusing on the conspicuous display of luxury and nonluxury experiences on social media.

HUNIAN VERTIKAL MONODUALISME (INDIVIDUALISME-KOLEKTIVISME)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1111
Author(s):  
Hidayatul Reza ◽  
Franky Liauw
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Basic Human Needs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Self Potential

The conflict between the two social understandings between individualism and collectivism does not need to be clashed, but instead it needs to be managed according to values, morals and ethics. So that it can become a social force for social life. In this issue, architects can play a role in cultivating a 'space' that is fit to the problem of individualism-collectivism. The research method used is a comparative and synergistic method. Literature in the form of journals and books on the phenomenon of individualism-collectivism is used as a reference and comparison. To be able to change a person's attitude, it is necessary to have an environmental role that creates events and events that occur repeatedly and continuously, gradually being absorbed into the individual and influencing the formation of an attitude. In order for this approach to be applied easily, this approach must be applied to basic human needs. In basic human needs there is a hierarchy of the most basic, namely physiological needs, the most basic needs to be fulfilled because they include things that are vital for survival, namely, clothing, food, and shelter. So in order to answer this issue, the vertical housing function is fixed. In addition, vertical housing is considered important because it responds to limited land and the increasing human population. Vertical housing with a collaborative space in grouped dwelling unit concept, because offers many possibilities, from people who live together sharing physical space to communities that share values, interests and philosophies of life. Grouping system is also be an important value and in community prefer to live in small community amount 4-10 members with various background. Consisted by good quality personal space and supporting facilities to develop self-potential as self-actualization. Keywords:  collaborative; collectivism; individualism; monodualism; self actualization Abstrak Konflik dua paham sosial antara individualisme dengan kolektivisme tidak perlu dibenturkan, tetapi justru perlu dikelola menurut nilai-nilai, moral, dan etika, sehingga dapat menjadi kekuatan sosial bagi kehidupan bermasyarakat. Dalam isu ini, arsitek dapat berperan dalam mengolah ‘ruang’ yang fit terhadap permasalahan individualisme-kolektivisme. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode komparatif dan sinergis. Literatur berupa jurnal dan buku tentang fenomena individualisme-kolektivisme, dijadikan sebagai acuan dan pembanding. Untuk dapat mengubah sikap seseorang diperlukan peran lingkungan untuk menciptakan kejadian-kejadian dan peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi berulang-ulang dan terus-menerus, lama-kelamaan secara bertahap diserap kedalam diri individu dan memengaruhi terbentuknya suatu sikap. Agar pendekatan ini dapat diterapkan dengan mudah maka pendekatan ini harus diterapkan pada kebutuhan dasar manusia. Pada kebutuhan dasar manusia terdapat hierarki yang paling dasar yaitu kebutuhan fisiologis (physiological needs), kebutuhan yang paling dasar untuk dipenuhi karena meliputi hal-hal yang vital bagi kelangsungan hidup yaitu, sandang, pangan, dan papan. Sehingga untuk menjawab isu ini, ditetapkan fungsi hunian vertikal. Selain itu, hunian vertikal dinilai penting karena untuk mejawab keterbatasan lahan dan semakin tingginya populasi manusia. Hunian vertikal dengan mengusung konsep ruang kolaboratif pada setiap unit hunian yang dikelompokkan, karena menawarkan banyak kemungkinan, mulai dari orang-orang yang tinggal bersama dengan berbagi ruang fisik hingga komunitas yang juga berbagi nilai, minat, dan filosofi hidup. Sistem pengelompokan penghuni juga menjadi nilai penting dan dalam komunitas lebih menyukai jumlah yang sedikit 4-10 orang dengan latar belakang yang berbeda. Ditunjang dengan kualitas ruang pribadi yang baik dan fasilitas penunjang yang dapat mengembangkan potensi sebagai bentuk aktualisai diri.

Creativity from perspective of axiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
A. V Kiriakova ◽  
◽  
V.V. Moroz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Collective Creativity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual

Interest in creativity as a subject of research has been growing exponentially since the second half of the 20th century in all areas of human history. A wide range of both domestic and foreign studies allows authors to assert that creativity is a personality trait, inherent to one degree or another. Whereas the development of such trait becomes an urgent necessity in the new reality. The entire evolutionary process of the social development illustrates its dependence on personal and collective creativity. The aim of this research is to study the phenomenon of creativity through the perspective of axiology, i.e. the science of values. Axiology allows us to consider the realities of the modern world from the perspective of not only external factors, circumstances and situations, but also of deep value foundations. Creativity has been studied quite deeply from the point of view of psychology: the special characteristics of a creative person, stages of the creative process, the relationship between creative and critical thinking, creativity and intelligence. Some psychologists emphasize motivation, creative skills, interdisciplinary knowledge, and the creative environment as the main components that contribute to the development of creativity. The authors of the article argue that values and value orientations towards cognition, creativity, self-realization and self-expression are the drivers of creativity. In a broad sense, values as a matrix of culture determine the attitude of society to creativity, to the development of creativity of the individual and the creative class, and to how economically successful a given society will be. Since innovation and entrepreneurship are embodied creativity. Thus, the study of creativity from the perspective of axiology combines the need for a deep study of this phenomenon and the subjective significance of creativity in the context of new realities

Formation of spirituality, morality and patriotic feelings in children of primary school age

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Fatima Kh. Kirguevа ◽  
Natalia A. Perepelkina ◽  
Elita S. Tabolova
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
School Age ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
Moral Qualities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Primary School Age

The article deals with the specific aspects of the formation of spirituality, morality and patriotic feelings in children of primary school age. Spirituality, morality, and patriotic feelings are unchangeable universal values that may sound different, but their semantic content is identical among different peoples. The formation of these values is possible already in primary school age. It is spiritual and moral education that sets the attitudes that affect the essence of human relationships. The personality becomes spiritually richer through the introduction of children of the first stage of education to spiritual and moral values, through the formation of an attitude to themselves and to other people, to the surrounding world as a value, the development of the consciousness of the younger student and his spiritual qualities. The formation of moral qualities in students of primary school age will be more productive when creating a number of pedagogical conditions, since they are the most manageable, aimed at forming a certain kind of relationship. The analysis of theoretical sources gives us a reason to conclude that the problem of the spirituality of the individual occupies one of the central places in the system of knowledge about a person, and has repeatedly become the object of research by philosophers, psychologists and teachers. In order to identify the pedagogical conditions for the formation of spirituality, morality and patriotic feelings in younger schoolchildren by determining the level of formation of these qualities in students, a study was conducted in MBOU Secondary School No. 20 in Mineralnye Vody, Stavropol Territory. The authors identified the criteria of educational work on the formation of patriotic feelings and determine the stages of patriotic education in children of primary school age.

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