scholarly journals СОЛУНСКИ ФРОНТ У МЕМОАРСКИМ БЕЛЕШКАМА ГЕНЕРАЛА МОРИСА САРАЈА И МАРШАЛА ФРАНШЕ Д’ЕПЕРЕА THESSALONIKI FRONT IN MEMOIRS OF GENERAL MAURICE SARRAIL AND MARSHAL FRANCHET D’ESPEREY

2020 ◽  
pp. 443-469
Author(s):  
Биљана Стојић
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Commander In Chief ◽  
First World

У раду смо на основу дневничких бележака двојице француских официра, генерала Мориса Сараја и маршала Франше Д’Епереа дали приказ Солунског фронта и рата на Балкану у периоду од јесени 1915. када је фронт успостављен до његовог пробоја у септембру 1918. године. Морис Сарај је био први заповедник Источне армије (јул 1915 – децембар 1917) док је Франше Д’Епере био њен трећи и последњи командант (јун 1918 – јул 1920). Реч је о двојици по свему различитим историјским личностима чија ће нам компаративна анализа омогућити свеобухватно разматрање рата на Балкану и однос Савезника према овом, за њих, другоразредном фронту. У фокусу нашег истраживања су њихов однос и сарадња са српском војском, као и њихово виђење улоге и значаја Солунског фронта у свеукупној победи Антанте над Централним силама у Првом светском рату. Based on memoirs of two French officers – General Maurice Sarrail and Marshal Franchet D’Esperèy, the paper gives an overview of the Thessaloniki front and the war in the Balkans from autumn 1915, when the front was established, until its breakthrough in September 1918. Maurice Sarrail was the first commander-in-chief of L’Armée d’Orient (July 1915 – December 1917) and Franchet D’Esperèy was its third and last commander (June 1918 – July 1920). These are two entirely different historical personalities and the comparative analysis of them will enable us to comprehensively examine the war in the Balkans and the Allies’ attitude towards this, in their view, second-rate front. Our research focuses on their relationship and cooperation with the Serbian army, and their view of the role and importance of the Thessaloniki front in the Entente’s victory over the Central Powers in the First World War.

تطورات رومانيا الداخلية وسياستها الخارجية أبان الحرب العالمية الاولى حتى احتلال بخارست (آب 1914 – كانون الاول 1916)

لارك ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
فهد عويد عبد
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
World War ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Political Unity ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
First World

The Balkan region in general and Romania in particular have witnessed major political developments during the First World War. Suffice it to say that the first outbreak of war began from the Balkans, namely Sarajevo, and ended in the Balkans, where the last peace treaties were signed with the surrender of Bulgaria on September 29, 1918. Years of War The Balkans were generally a theater in which the armies of the belligerents demonstrated their military capabilities. Moreover, in the same period, both sides of the conflict (the Axis Powers or the Wafd States) were struggling to obtain the support of the Balkans, including Romania, Sugary, political and economic, both on military operations or planed Supply issues or control over trade routes, and on the other side of Romania was seeking for its part to take advantage of the chance of war to the maximum extent possible to achieve the national dream of achieving political unity.

scholarly journals Regent Alexander Karadjordjevic in the First World War

Balcanica ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 191-217
Author(s):  
Dragan Bakic
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
First World War ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Political Factor ◽  
World War ◽  
Chief Of Staff ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Commander In Chief ◽  
First World

This paper analyses the role played by Regent Alexander Karadjordjevic in Serbia?s politics and military effort during the First World War. He assumed the position of an heir-apparent somewhat suddenly in 1909, and then regency, after a political crisis that made his father King Peter I transfer his royal powers to Prince Alexander just days before the outbreak of the war. At the age of twenty-six, Alexander was going to lead his people and army through unprecedented horrors. The young Regent proved to be a proper soldier, who suffered personally, along with his troops, the agonising retreat through Albania in late 1915 and early 1916, and spared no effort to ensure the supplies for the exhausted rank and file of the army. He also proved to be a ruler of great personal ambitions and lack of regard for constitutional boundaries of his position. Alexander tried to be not just a formal commander-in-chief of his army, but also to take over operational command; he would eventually manage to appoint officers to his liking to the positions of the Chief of Staff and Army Minister. He also wanted to remove Nikola Pasic from premiership and facilitate the formation of a cabinet amenable to his wishes, but he did not proceed with this, as the Entente Powers supported the Prime Minister. Instead, Alexander joined forces with Pasic to eliminate the Black Hand organization, a group of officers hostile both to him and the Prime Minister, in the well-known show trial in Salonika in 1917. The victories of the Serbian army in 1918 at the Salonika front led to the liberation of Serbia and the formation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia), while Alexander emerged as the most powerful political factor in the new state.

scholarly journals The Austro-Hungarian occupation regime in Serbia and its break-down in 1918

Balcanica ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 107-133
Author(s):  
Dimitrije Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

This paper discusses the occupation of Serbia during the First World War by Austro-Hungarian forces. The first partial occupation was short-lived as the Serbian army repelled the aggressors after the Battle of Kolubara in late 1914, but the second one lasted from fall 1915 until the end of the Great War. The Austro-Hungarian occupation zone in Serbia covered the largest share of Serbia?s territory and it was organised in the shape of the Military Governorate on the pattern of Austro-Hungarian occupation of part of Poland. The invaders did not reach a clear decision as to what to do with Serbian territory in post-war period and that gave rise to considerable frictions between Austro-Hungarian and German interests in the Balkans, then between Austrian and Hungarian interests and, finally, between military and civilian authorities within Military Governorate. Throughout the occupation Serbia was exposed to ruthless economic exploitation and her population suffered much both from devastation and from large-scale repression (including deportations, internments and denationalisation) on the part of the occupation regime.

scholarly journals Bulgarian crimes against civilians in occupied Serbia during the First World War

Balcanica ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 357-390
Author(s):  
Milovan Pisarri
Keyword(s):  
War Crimes ◽  
First World War ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

Since sufferings of civilian populations during the First World War in Europe, especially war crimes perpetrated against civilians, have - unlike the political and military history of the Great War - only recently become an object of scholarly interest, there still are considerable gaps in our knowledge, the Balkans being a salient example. Therefore, suggesting a methodology that involves a comparative approach, the use of all available sources, cooperation among scholars from different countries and attention to the historical background, the paper seeks to open some questions and start filling lacunae in our knowledge of the war crimes perpetrated against Serb civilians as part of the policy of Bulgarization in the portions of Serbia under Bulgarian military occupation.

scholarly journals German propaganda in the Balkans during the First World War

Balcanica ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Stratos Dordanas
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Commercial Networks ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Publishing Groups ◽  
First World

Immediately after the outbreak of the First World War Germany mobilized hu?man resources from all fields and put up all the necessary funds to counter British and French propaganda. In a very short period of time, it was in a position to organize its own propaganda networks abroad, to a large extent, by using the respective commercial networks and the pre-war enterprises operating in various countries. It was the neutral countries around the world that were among the primary targets of German propaganda. In the Balkans particular effort was made to create a favourable climate for the Central Powers and prevail over the adverse British and French influence. With the assistance of commercial circles and the appropriation of large sums of money, newspapers, journalists and publishing groups were bought off, information offices set up, agents recruited, politi?cal parties and politicians bribed, and pro-German parties founded. The aim was to influ?ence public opinion, promote the German version of war developments, and manipulate political leaders to give up their stance of neutrality and make the decision for their coun?try to take part in the war on the side of Germany. However, even though Berlin focused its attention on the Balkans where the major propaganda networks were organized, the propaganda campaigns proved to be essentially ineffective. Following Bulgaria?s entry into the war on the side of the Central Powers and the destruction of Serbia, first Romania and then Greece joined the Entente, finding themselves on the winning side at the war?s end.

scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW OF THE ACTIVITIES OF TESKILAT-I MAHSUSA IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (48) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Core ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
First World

The Ottoman Empire signed an alliance agreement with Germany right after the start of the First World War. After the Alliance treaty, political and military targets were determined in the meeting held among the leaders of the Committee of Union and Progress to determine the policy to be followed. In this meeting, it was also decided to set up an Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa, which would carry out a guerilla war for the army. Establishment of Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa, immediately after the alliance signed with Germany, shows that Germany is also looking at this kind of initiative. It was established under the proposal of Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa Enver Pasha under the Ministry of War. Süleyman Askeri Bey, who dealt with the guerilla war, was brought to the head of the Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa. The next two presidents were elected among soldiers of military origin. Unionist officers formed the core of the organization. Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa carried out activities in the Balkans, Caucasus, Morocco, Tripoli, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and Syria during the First World War. However, during the war, the Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa underwent some changes. After Ali Başhampa, a civilian, became the president, the name of Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa became Umur-ı Şarkiyye Dairesi, and Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa became more central and civil. Following this change, Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa started to conduct propaganda rather than military activity. In this article, the activities carried out by Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa during the First World War will be evaluated. Keywords: Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa, Enver Pashaa, the Committee of Union and Progress, the Ottoman Empire

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