scholarly journals China’s Foreign Policy Under Xi Jinping

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Priya M V
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Leadership Transition ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gradual Shift ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
Chinese Diplomacy

Often political leadership transition brings change in direction or continuity in foreign policy and this is no exception in the context of China. With President Xi Jinping in office Chinese diplomacy is becoming more assertive and proactive than in the past. This is leading to a gradual shift in the policy of Deng Xiaoping’s dictum of keeping low profile. The operative term here is more of renovation and change. While the language of Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence continues there are discernible shifts visible.

Chinese Foreign Policy under Hu Jintao:The Struggle between Low-Profile Policy and Diplomatic Activism

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Suisheng
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Global Power ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
International Responsibility ◽  
The One ◽  
Rising Power ◽  
Chinese Diplomacy

AbstractThis article explores a controversial issue of Chinese foreign policy: whether the Hu leadership has abandoned Deng Xiaoping’s taoguang yanghui policy — hiding one’s capabilities and biding one’s time — and reoriented Chinese foreign policy towards a more assertive, if not more aggressive, direction. This is controversial because while China in public still insists that it follows the taoguang yanghui policy established by Deng in the early 1990s; Chinese diplomacy has become increasingly active and assertive since Hu came to power, particularly since the 2008-2009 global economic crisis. This article argues that as a rising power, an active foreign policy has become a necessity rather than a luxury for China. This diplomatic activism marks a certain departure from the taoguang yanghui policy, but the Hu leadership is still juggling China’s taoguang yanghui policy with its emerging role as a global power. One defining tension in China’s foreign policy agenda is to find a balance between expanding China’s international influence and taking more international responsibility on the one hand and continuing to play down its pretence of being a global power and avoiding confrontation with the United States on the other.

Foreign policy will rise up Beijing's agenda

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Media ◽  
Peaceful Rise ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
Chinese Nation ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy

Subject China's foreign policy machinery. Significance China has a more assertive foreign policy doctrine than it had even just ten years ago. Beijing's 1980s-90s maxim of 'hide your light and bide your time' gave way to the 'peaceful rise' of the 2000s. President Xi Jinping has, in turn, refashioned this as part of the 'Great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation'. Impacts Rising Chinese investment and aid will increase favourable views of China and political support for Beijing, but not consistently. If China were better able to clarify its foreign policy goals, fewer people and states would view it with caution. China’s international media presence will improve its image and its influence, though some countries will be more receptive than others.

scholarly journals China – Cooperation and rivalry in today's interdependent world: Will pandemic change the trends?

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (S) ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
Wojciech Hübner
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Leadership Position ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
Complex Phenomena

AbstractThe paper examines the importance of the ‘Chinese factor’ in today's world from the perspective of current phenomena such as particular political and economic uncertainty and also examines them against the background of processes of global cooperation and parallel unprecedented competition at the same level. Complex phenomena occurring in this area have recently been additionally disrupted by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Will the world be different?Globalization processes have taken place over the centuries but have gained particular importance in our present times, because we left ‘the golden age’ of globalization (1990–2010) already behind us. China, ever louder, talks about the need for a ‘new’ globalization, in line with its new aspirations as a pretender to the leadership position in the global economy. The Belt and Road Initiative, launched in 2013, has been in the centre of its vision. It has become the foundation for China's foreign policy in the horizon of at least the middle of XXI century. It was designed to re-confirm China's unprecedented economic success of the past four decades, which to a great extent could be derived from a skilful use of the ‘traditional’ mechanisms of globalization.

scholarly journals China’s Foreign Policy towards Eurasia Economic Integration

2021 ◽  
pp. 053-070
Author(s):  
Yingying Fu
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
South China ◽  
The Political ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
Nuclear Issue ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chinese Diplomacy ◽  
The Silk Road

During the period from 2005 to 2015 under the rule of Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping, China has achieved enormous success not only in the field of economy but also in the political and diplomatic areas. With the Silk Road Economic Belt’s initiative launched by the government of Xi in 2013, China was seeking to find alternatives for different affairs such as the South China Sea, the nuclear issue of North Korea, and Taiwan issues. The emergency of the “Strategic Breakthrough” whose aim is to stabilize the surrounding atmosphere makes it a pressing task for the Chinese diplomacy focused on Eurasia to overhaul the international order.

scholarly journals CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS MYANMAR: A ROLE MODEL IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 07-17
Author(s):  
Mohamad Zreik
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Strategic Factors ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
Chinese Diplomacy

China has a large and professional diplomatic team spread all over the world. Chinese diplomacy mainly relies on soft power in its relations with international partners. Despite the unified outlines, Chinese foreign policy differs from one country to another, depending on the geographical location, the political system and the volume of trade exchange. Chinese foreign policy has gone through many stages, most notably the period of Mao Zedong who strictly applied the rules of socialism, and the period of Deng Xiaoping, known for its reform and openness policy, thus establishing a modern and more flexible Chinese system. President Xi Jinping's term is an extension of Deng Xiaoping's rule of thumb, but with more openness to international partners and economic expansion, especially with the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013. This paper deals with China's foreign policy towards Myanmar, and refers to the development of bilateral relations and China's interest in a distinguished relationship with Myanmar. The research indicates the strategic factors that make China interested in developing the relationship with Myanmar.

China will not soften on humanitarian intervention

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Environment ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Priority

Subject China's position on humanitarian intervention. Significance China frequently and vocally reiterates its stance on 'non-intervention', which holds that preserving national sovereignty outweighs other ethical concerns in the conduct of foreign policy. Nevertheless, Beijing has over the past decade repeatedly endorsed the doctrine of 'responsibility to protect' (R2P), which mandates intervention in states that fail to protect their populations from atrocities, or that commit such atrocities themselves. In 2011, Beijing appeared to cross the Rubicon, consenting at the UN Security Council to military intervention in Libya. Impacts China's stance towards R2P will greatly affect the future of how the doctrine is applied and developed. It is unlikely that China will again feel it must consent to military intervention against a host government's consent. Promoting a stable international environment for economic development remains China's foreign policy priority.

The Rise of Xi Jinping and China’s New Era: Implications for the United States and Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (01) ◽  
pp. 2040004
Author(s):  
DREW THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Us ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
China’S Economy

Xi Jinping’s rise to power has heralded a new foreign policy that is more assertive and uncompromising toward China’s neighbors, the United States, and the rest of the world. This change presents challenges for the United States and Taiwan in particular which must be addressed with a sense of urgency due to Xi Jinping’s ambitious objectives and his firm grip on the levers of power which increase the likelihood that the Communist Party and government of China will seek to achieve them without delay. This paper reviews changes to Chinese foreign policy in the Xi Jinping era and argues how the modernization of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) over time has increased the threat to Taiwan, with concurrent risks for the United States. Taiwan and the US can address the challenge presented by China by strengthening their relationship to adapt to the new era under Xi Jinping’s leadership. According to CIA (2018), China’s economy now stands at approximately US$12 trillion, second only to the United States (CIA [2018]. World fact book). Unlike in 1978, China’s economy today is dependent on access to globally sourced raw materials, and access to overseas consumer markets for its industrial and consumer goods. This dependency on overseas markets has increased China’s global presence and interests, driving the need to protect them. The Chinese Government’s now ample resources have been allocated to both hard and soft power means toward this purpose. The PLA has greatly benefitted from economic development and the expansion of the Chinese economy, transforming from a backward institution focused on private-sector moneymaking into the sharpest tool of China’s power and influence. Since Xi Jinping came to power in 2012, China’s foreign policy and strategy have undergone a dramatic shift away from Deng Xiaoping’s focus on increasing domestic productivity and avoiding potentially costly overseas entanglements. The confluence of accumulated national wealth, diplomatic, economic, and military power, and the will to use those levers of power, has dramatic implications for the United States and China’s neighbors. A more assertive China, confident in its wealth, power, and international status, is increasingly unafraid of overt competition with its neighbors and the United States, unwilling to back down or compromise in the face of disputes. This dynamic has resulted in a new paradigm in the Indo-Pacific region that is unlike previous challenges of the past 40 years. The shift in China’s foreign policy and the PLA’s modernization threaten to challenge the credibility of US security assurances and alliances in the region, making the cultivation and strengthening of the US–Taiwan relationship, and the network of US bilateral alliances in the region an urgent imperative.

Historical–Geopolitical Contexts and the Transformation of Chinese Foreign Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Flint ◽  
Zhang Xiaotong
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Capitalist World Economy ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
World Systems Analysis ◽  
Chinese Diplomacy ◽  
Contemporary Chinese ◽  
Geopolitical Context

Abstract In the past few years, China has made dramatic foreign policy decisions that have changed both the global landscape and the behaviour of other states. To understand fully the possibilities and limitations of China’s foreign policy, it is important to see its occurrences within geopolitical contexts. The main argument of this article is that geopolitical context must be theorised in order to understand the decisions of states. We define a political geography perspective within a world-systems analysis that creates a Space–Time matrix of context based on the core–periphery hierarchy of the capitalist world economy and economic and hegemonic cycles. Inspired by Chinese scholars and policymakers’ periodisations of Chinese diplomacy, we develop a new periodisation of Chinese diplomatic cycles from 1840 to 2039. Using this new periodisation of Chinese diplomacy, we situate the changing nature of Chinese foreign policy within our Space–Time matrix. We then evaluate the possibilities and challenges of China’s current foreign policy, with emphasis on the Belt and Road Initiative, by illustrating features of the contemporary geopolitical context. Finally, we discuss the implications of this for contemporary Chinese foreign policy.

Xi Jinping’s Centralisation of Chinese Foreign Policy Decision-Making Power

2017 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shichen WANG
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
The Past ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
Policy Decision Making

In the past three years, a trend towards the centralisation of decision-making power in Chinese foreign policy instituted by Xi Jinping has become more and more apparent. The driver of the shift in Chinese foreign policy is the reform of its decision-making system. The ‘reform’ not only refers to institution building but also includes change of the former procedures of foreign policy decisionmaking to create a more efficient decision-making system.

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