China will not soften on humanitarian intervention

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Environment ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Priority

Subject China's position on humanitarian intervention. Significance China frequently and vocally reiterates its stance on 'non-intervention', which holds that preserving national sovereignty outweighs other ethical concerns in the conduct of foreign policy. Nevertheless, Beijing has over the past decade repeatedly endorsed the doctrine of 'responsibility to protect' (R2P), which mandates intervention in states that fail to protect their populations from atrocities, or that commit such atrocities themselves. In 2011, Beijing appeared to cross the Rubicon, consenting at the UN Security Council to military intervention in Libya. Impacts China's stance towards R2P will greatly affect the future of how the doctrine is applied and developed. It is unlikely that China will again feel it must consent to military intervention against a host government's consent. Promoting a stable international environment for economic development remains China's foreign policy priority.

India and the Responsibility to Protect: A Tale of Ambiguity

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kudrat Virk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
World Summit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Armed Intervention ◽  
Empirical Record ◽  
Changing World

Military intervention to halt atrocities is one of the most contentious aspects of R2P and with which India has often expressed disagreement in the past. Since the 2005 World Summit, however, there has been an apparent softening in that opposition. This article takes a close-up look at the empirical record, revealing ambiguity in Indian attitudes from the outset that militates against categorizing them as either ‘for’ or ‘against’ humanitarian intervention. The portrait that emerges is of a reactive actor driven incrementally away from a default preference for sovereignty as autonomy, whilst harbouring deep concerns about armed intervention. This article suggests that cautious and reluctant accommodation offers the best description of India’s still unresolved stance on humanitarian intervention. That fits in with a broad preference for pragmatism in foreign policy, which has struggled to balance traditional concerns with a ‘new’ ambition to acquire and sustain greater power-political influence in a changing world.

scholarly journals Consultation and Joint Endeavor Among All Stakeholders: China’s Stance on Multilateralism and the United Nations

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 471-492
Author(s):  
Mao Ruipeng
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
International Environment ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions

Multilateralism is one of the key notions in China’s diplomatic discourse. Unlike the European Union, China tends to define multilateralism as a consultation process amongst all related members of the international community, so that their fundamental interests and appeals can be fully heard and considered. In the Chinese view, multilateralism features inclusive participation, UN leadership, and the goal of democratization of international relations. It is believed that, as a historical trend, multilateralism is not only crucial for tackling various global challenges, but it also helps foster a favorable international environment for China’s sustainable development. Multilateralism has been deeply ingrained in China’s foreign policy, exemplified by the country’s increasing support for the UN over the past two decades. Notably, both China’s financial contribution to the UN and the number of personnel sent on UN peacekeeping missions have grown rapidly in recent years. Also, China has been advocating the notion of a “community of shared future for mankind” on UN platforms, hoping to share its experience of development with the world. As China deepens its engagement with international organizations, however, the United States is making every effort to constrain China’s influence in the UN. In the future, China needs to work closely with supporters of multilateralism, especially developing countries, so as to play a greater role in the UN.

Educational lessons from the past – marketing textbooks during the Age of Enlightenment (16th to 18th Centuries)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Business Principles ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critique four marketing textbooks written during the Age of Enlightenment (sixteenth-eighteenth centuries) to understand the educational lessons they taught students of marketing at the time and the lessons they might hold for the present day. Design/methodology/approach – The method entails critically examining several marketing textbooks within the context of the great social, religious, intellectual, political and economic changes taking place at the time. Findings – Over the period, paralleling developments in the Enlightenment, the two earlier textbooks of the age have a heavier emphasis on religious and ethical concerns along with their discussions of business issues. The two later textbooks de-emphasize spiritual themes in favor of almost completely focusing on business matters. In addition to discussing themes relevant to their times, the books anticipate concepts found in marketing textbooks of today. Generally, there is also more stress placed on immediate facts rather than enduring business principles. Yet many principles are discussed, including the most fundamental and durable principle of merchandising: “buy cheape, sell deare”. Originality/value – There is no other review of a collection of marketing textbooks during the Age of Enlightenment in the published literature.

Syria may spur global rise in unilateral intervention

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Security Council ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Broad Interpretation ◽  
State Group ◽  
Syrian Conflict

Subject Syria and international norms of war. Significance The Syrian conflict has prompted intervention by a number of states, both directly and by proxy. The participation of all but one of the five UN Security Council permanent members (except China) in military operations in Syria raises questions over whether the norms of legal and ethical grounds for intervention have changed as a result of the conflict. Impacts Justifications will include broad interpretation of 'humanitarian intervention' to conceal real intentions. The UN will have less ability to assert itself when the leading powers choose to ignore, or interpret selectively, international standards. Collective international action against Islamic State group in Syria may build.

South African foreign policy will see cosmetic changes

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
South African ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Government Bonds ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Un Security Council

Subject South African foreign policy. Significance President Cyril Ramaphosa has focused largely on domestic issues in his first six months in office. However, a push for new foreign direct investment of 100 billion dollars over five years, coupled with the securing of a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council from 2019-20, have raised hopes of a fresh foreign policy approach across several fronts. Impacts Despite Ramaphosa's reassurances, radical land reform proposals could undermine attempts to improve the wider investment climate. New US tariffs on steel, aluminium and possibly automobiles could offset advantages from the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). Confidence-building economic measures will be necessary to stem the large sale of government bonds by foreigners.

Foreign policy will rise up Beijing's agenda

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Media ◽  
Peaceful Rise ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
Chinese Nation ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy

Subject China's foreign policy machinery. Significance China has a more assertive foreign policy doctrine than it had even just ten years ago. Beijing's 1980s-90s maxim of 'hide your light and bide your time' gave way to the 'peaceful rise' of the 2000s. President Xi Jinping has, in turn, refashioned this as part of the 'Great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation'. Impacts Rising Chinese investment and aid will increase favourable views of China and political support for Beijing, but not consistently. If China were better able to clarify its foreign policy goals, fewer people and states would view it with caution. China’s international media presence will improve its image and its influence, though some countries will be more receptive than others.

Tunisia’s leader will disrupt diplomatic establishment

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Autonomous Action ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Political Appointees ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Harsh Criticism

Subject The Tunisian president's foreign policy agenda. Significance On February 7, President Kais Saied dramatically sacked Moncef Baati, Tunisia’s permanent representative at the UN. Baati had been sitting on the UN Security Council, where the country took up a seat last month, and was chairing its counter-terrorism committee. His dismissal, and the harsh criticism issued against him by the presidency, have alienated many civil servants. This carries risks for Saied, a retired law professor and political outsider, who as president is now solely responsible for determining foreign policy, on which he has some unconventional views, as well as ambitious goals. Impacts Civil servants are likely to obstruct or even actively sabotage initiatives by the presidency. Saied may seek to replace career diplomats with political appointees to bypass institutional resistance. Tunisia’s next UN ambassador will have little scope for autonomous action. Morocco will block Saied’s plans to initiate a regional dialogue over Western Sahara’s status.

scholarly journals China – Cooperation and rivalry in today's interdependent world: Will pandemic change the trends?

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (S) ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
Wojciech Hübner
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Leadership Position ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
Complex Phenomena

AbstractThe paper examines the importance of the ‘Chinese factor’ in today's world from the perspective of current phenomena such as particular political and economic uncertainty and also examines them against the background of processes of global cooperation and parallel unprecedented competition at the same level. Complex phenomena occurring in this area have recently been additionally disrupted by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Will the world be different?Globalization processes have taken place over the centuries but have gained particular importance in our present times, because we left ‘the golden age’ of globalization (1990–2010) already behind us. China, ever louder, talks about the need for a ‘new’ globalization, in line with its new aspirations as a pretender to the leadership position in the global economy. The Belt and Road Initiative, launched in 2013, has been in the centre of its vision. It has become the foundation for China's foreign policy in the horizon of at least the middle of XXI century. It was designed to re-confirm China's unprecedented economic success of the past four decades, which to a great extent could be derived from a skilful use of the ‘traditional’ mechanisms of globalization.

Syrian Kurds will bolster autonomy via US alliance

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Intervention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
Roll Back

Significance The Syrian Kurds have made significant advances against ISG along Syria's northern border with Turkey in the past year thanks to US air support. Their militias are now a vital partner in US-led efforts to roll back ISG in Syria; however, they are also looking to Russia for support after its entry into the Syrian theatre in September. Impacts Russia, Iran and the Assad regime may seek a deal with the Kurds that allows them to retain autonomy under any future government. US support for the Syrian Kurds will strain rather than rupture Washington's ties with Ankara. Ankara is likely to avoid military intervention against the Syrian Kurds so long as they avoid declaring independence. The risk of ethnic clashes and cleansing between Kurds and Arabs in areas liberated from ISG is high.

Prospects for Russian foreign policy in 2016

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Russian Foreign Policy ◽  
The West ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Eu

Subject Prospects for Russian foreign policy in 2016. Significance This year has proven to be highly eventful in Russian foreign policy, with a major military intervention to save Syria's embattled President Bashar al-Assad, and the Kremlin's continuing support for the separatists in Ukraine's Donbas. Russia's relations with the West are at an all-time low, and next year looks set to be another challenging year for Moscow's relations with the EU, NATO and United States.

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