scholarly journals Photobiomodulation in Sciatic Nerve Crush Injuries in Rodents: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Perspectives for Clinical Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-344
Author(s):  
Letícia Lemes Sasso ◽  
Luana Gabriel de Souza ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Girasol ◽  
Alexandre Márcio Marcolino ◽  
Rinaldo Roberto de Jesus Guirro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Crush ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Positive Effects

Objective: The aim of the study was to perform a literature review to analyze the effect of photobiomodulation in experimental studies on peripheral nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve crush injury in rodents. Methods: A bibliographic search was performed in the electronic databases, including MEDLINE (PubMed), SCOPUS, and SciELO, from 2008 to 2018. Results: A total of 1912 articles were identified in the search, and only 19 fulfilled all the inclusion criteria. Along with the parameters most found in the manuscripts, the most used wavelengths were 660 nm and 830 nm, power of 30 and 40 mW, and energy density of 4 and 10 J/cm2 . For total energy throughout the intervention period, the lowest energy found with positive effects was 0.70 J, and the highest 1.141 J. Seventeen studies reported positive effects on nerve regeneration. The variables selected to analyze the effect were: Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), Static Sciatic Index (SSI), morphometric, morphological, histological, zymographic, electrophysiological, resistance mechanics and range of motion (ROM). The variety of parameters used in the studies demonstrated that there is yet no pre-determined protocol for treating peripheral nerve regeneration. Only two studies by different authors used the same power, energy density, beam area, and power density. Conclusion: It was concluded that the therapeutic window of the photobiomodulation presents a high variability of parameters with the wavelength (632.8 to 940 nm), power (5 to 170 mW) and energy density (3 to 280 J /cm2 ), promoting nerve regeneration through the expression of cytokines and growth factors that aid in modulating the inflammatory process, improving morphological aspects, restoring the functionality to the animals in a brief period.

scholarly journals An Index of Topographic Normality in Rat Somatosensory Cortex: Application to a Sciatic Nerve Crush Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 1339-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Barbay ◽  
Eric K. Peden ◽  
Gerald Falchook ◽  
Randolph J. Nudo
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Crush ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Somatotopic Organization ◽  
Cortical Topography

Previous studies have demonstrated that peripheral denervation of the skin is reflected in the CNS as a reorganization of somatotopic representations. In cases in which peripheral nerve regeneration occurs there is a gradual reactivation of cortex by novel receptive fields that is reversed as regenerated nerves reestablish connections with the original skin surface. Functional recovery appears to depend on the pattern in which somatotopic organization in the cortex is reestablished. The relationship between functional recovery and cortical topography is not precise, however, since the descriptions of postinjury representations in the cortex have been largely descriptive and not quantitative. The purpose of this study was to derive an index to quantify deviations from normal somatotopic organization in the somatosensory cortex. Multiunit recordings of cutaneous representations in the somatosensory cortex (S1) of the rat were defined using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments to stimulate the skin over the distal hindlimb of the rat 2 and 4 months after a sciatic nerve crush. To derive a sensitive index of topography, the sciatic nerve crush was selected as the injury model since nerve regeneration following crush injuries has been reported to reinstate preinjury cortical topography. Group comparisons were made with an intact control group. The results show that there were subtle, but significant differences in topography between rats with a regenerated sciatic nerve and normal rats. In addition, average thresholds for evoking cortical responses were higher than normal (but within normal range) 2 and 4 months after the crush. These results demonstrate that the index of topography derived for this study can reveal deviations that may not be distinguishable from normal topography when based on qualitative descriptions.

Cinnamaldehyde Enhanced Functional Recovery after Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Jahromi ◽  
Fahimeh Mohammadghasemi ◽  
Farshad Moharrami Kasmaie ◽  
Arash Zaminy
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Crush Injury ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Crush ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Clinical Issue ◽  
Study Results

Peripheral nerve injury is a common clinical issue induced by trauma, tumor, and damage caused by treatment. Such factors create chemical and inflammatory alterations at the injury site, which increase nerve deterioration. Thus, minimizing these modifications can lead to nerve protection after injury. The present study sought to evaluate the possible improvement in nerve regeneration and enhancement of functional outcomes by cinnamaldehyde (Cin) administration following sciatic nerve crush in a rat model. Rats (n = 48) were distributed into 6 groups, including sham, injury, DMSO (vehicle group), and Cin groups (10, 30, and 90 mg/kg/day). Using small hemostatic forceps, crush injury was induced in the left sciatic nerve. Thereafter, Cin was administered for 28 successive days. Weekly records were taken for sciatic functional index (SFI) measurements. Further assessments including electrophysiological and histomorphometric evaluations, gastrocnemius muscle wet weight measurements, and estimation of the serum total oxidant status were performed. According to the results, Cin could accelerate sciatic nerve recovery after crush injury, and the dose of 30 mg/kg/day of Cin had better impacts on SFI recovery, muscle mass ratio, and myelin content. The current research demonstrated that Cin positively affects peripheral nerve restoration. Therefore, Cin therapy could be considered as a potential treatment method for peripheral nerve regeneration and its functional recovery. However, more investigations are required to further validate the study results and evaluate the optimal dose of Cin.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Profiling at High Temporal Resolution Reveals Robust Immune/Inflammatory Responses during Rat Sciatic Nerve Recovery

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyan Xing ◽  
Qiong Cheng ◽  
Guangbin Zha ◽  
Sheng Yi
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Nerve Degeneration ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Crush ◽  
Nerve Crush

After peripheral nerve injury, immune/inflammatory responses are triggered, which are critical for nerve regeneration. Despite their importance, the underlying molecular changes in immune/inflammatory responses remain largely unknown. In this study, we systematically analyzed differentially expressed genes in immune/inflammatory-related pathways at high temporal resolution and experimentally validated gene expression changes with RT-PCR following sciatic nerve crush in rats. We found that immune/inflammatory reactions not only occur in the acute injury but also remained activated over two weeks after injury. Detailed bioinformatic studies suggested that multiple immune/inflammatory pathways, including agranulocyte adhesion and diapedesis, granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis, IL-6 signaling, and IL-10 signaling, were sustained activated during nerve degeneration and regeneration. Our current study expands our understanding of the molecular basis of altered immune/inflammatory-related pathways following injury and thus might offer the possibility of targeting related molecules as therapeutic intervention for peripheral nerve regeneration.

scholarly journals IL-17F depletion accelerates chitosan conduit guided peripheral nerve regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feixiang Chen ◽  
Weihuang Liu ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Ping Wu ◽  
Ao Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury is a serious health problem and repairing long nerve deficits remains a clinical challenge nowadays. Nerve guidance conduit (NGC) serves as the most promising alternative therapy strategy to autografts but its repairing efficiency needs improvement. In this study, we investigated whether modulating the immune microenvironment by Interleukin-17F (IL-17F) could promote NGC mediated peripheral nerve repair. Chitosan conduits were used to bridge sciatic nerve defect in IL-17F knockout mice and wild-type mice with autografts as controls. Our data revealed that IL-17F knockout mice had improved functional recovery and axonal regeneration of sciatic nerve bridged by chitosan conduits comparing to the wild-type mice. Notably, IL-17F knockout mice had enhanced anti-inflammatory macrophages in the NGC repairing microenvironment. In vitro data revealed that IL-17F knockout peritoneal and bone marrow derived macrophages had increased anti-inflammatory markers after treatment with the extracts from chitosan conduits, while higher pro-inflammatory markers were detected in the Raw264.7 macrophage cell line, wild-type peritoneal and bone marrow derived macrophages after the same treatment. The biased anti-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages by IL-17F knockout probably contributed to the improved chitosan conduit guided sciatic nerve regeneration. Additionally, IL-17F could enhance pro-inflammatory factors production in Raw264.7 cells and wild-type peritoneal macrophages. Altogether, IL-17F may partially mediate chitosan conduit induced pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages during nerve repair. These results not only revealed a role of IL-17F in macrophage function, but also provided a unique and promising target, IL-17F, to modulate the microenvironment and enhance the peripheral nerve regeneration.

scholarly journals The Parameters of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Are Critical to Its Regenerative Effects When Applied Just after a Sciatic Crush Lesion in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Cavalcante Miranda de Assis ◽  
Êmyle Martins Lima ◽  
Bruno Teixeira Goes ◽  
João Zugaib Cavalcanti ◽  
Alaí Barbosa Paixão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Crush Lesion

We investigated the effect of two frequencies of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) applied immediately after lesion on peripheral nerve regeneration after a mouse sciatic crush injury. The animals were anesthetized and subjected to crushing of the right sciatic nerve and then separated into three groups: nontreated, Low-TENS (4 Hz), and High-TENS (100 Hz). The animals of Low- and High-TENS groups were stimulated for 2 h immediately after the surgical procedure, while the nontreated group was only positioned for the same period. After five weeks the animals were euthanized, and the nerves dissected bilaterally for histological and histomorphometric analysis. Histological assessment by light and electron microscopy showed that High-TENS and nontreated nerves had a similar profile, with extensive signs of degeneration. Conversely, Low-TENS led to increased regeneration, displaying histological aspects similar to control nerves. High-TENS also led to decreased density of fibers in the range of 6–12 μm diameter and decreased fiber diameter and myelin area in the range of 0–2 μm diameter. These findings suggest that High-TENS applied just after a peripheral nerve crush may be deleterious for regeneration, whereas Low-TENS may increase nerve regeneration capacity.

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