scholarly journals Evaluation of Tissue Changes in the Hearts of Rats Infected with Toxoplasma Gondi

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Hamed Najjare-Aghdam ◽  
Arash Khaki ◽  
Yagoob Garedaghi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Tissue Changes

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is globally widespread and infects humans and animals. Obligate intracellular parasites enter many organs and tissues through the bloodstream, where they invade and proliferate into cells, eventually destroying them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of cardiac tissue changes in rats infected with T. gondii. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=30) were allocated to three groups as follows: control group (n=10), T1 group that received 0.3 mL of T. gondii tachyzoite (IP) (n=10), and T2 group that received 0.6 mL of T. gondii tachyzoite (IP) (n=10). However, the control group just received an equal volume of distilled water daily (IP). Animals were kept in standard condition. Forty days after inducing toxoplasmosis, heart tissues of rat in all groups were removed and prepared for histopathological examinations of heart tissue under optical microscopy after hematoxylin and eosin staining and calculation of heart tissue weight. Results: Heart tissue weight significantly decreased in groups that received 0.3 and 0.6 mL of T. gondii tachyzoite in comparison to control groups. In histopathological studies of heart tissue under optical microscopy, atrophy and necrosis were observed in heart tissues in T. gondii groups. Conclusion: Since this parasite caused necrosis of heart cells in rats in our study, it is suggested that in preventing T. gondii infection, health measures should be taken to promote human and animal health.

scholarly journals Effect of Quercetin and Intermittent and Continuous Exercise on Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, and Malondialdehyde in the Heart of Rats with Colon Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrooz Talaei ◽  
Mohammad Panji ◽  
Fatemeh Nazari Robati ◽  
Sajjad Tezerji
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Continuous Exercise

Background: Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of death globally, and the second most common cancer in Europe. About 8% of all cancer-related deaths occur due to colorectal cancer, and the highest prevalence has been reported in Asia and Eastern Europe. Methods: In this experimental study, 80 rats were divided into two groups of cases (n=70) and controls (n=10). Colorectal cancer was induced weekly in rats by subcutaneous injection of 15 mg/kg Azoxymethane. The rats were then divided into 7 experimental subgroups of patients, saline, quercetin, intermittent exercise, continuous exercise, quercetin plus intermittent, and quercetin plus continuous exercise. Oxidative stress biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the rats’ heart tissue by the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA by SPSS software. Results: Oxidative stress in heart cells increased due to colorectal cancer. Quercetin alone or in combination with exercise significantly increased mean levels of CAT and SOD in the heart tissue of rats compared with patient and saline groups (P<0.0001). In contrast, the MDA level was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Colorectal cancer increased the oxidative stress in cardiac cells. Quercetin alone improved oxidative stress in cardiac tissue, and its combination with exercise was more effective.

scholarly journals Cytomorphological changes of a cat’s cadaver’s parenchymal organs in the early postmortem period in the forensic veterinary examination aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-159
Author(s):  
R. H. Kazantsev ◽  
I. V. Yatsenko
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Early Postmortem ◽  
Age Of Death

The cytomorphological changes of a cat’s cadaver’s parenchymal organs in the early postmortem period in the aspect of forensic veterinary examination are established in the work. The aim of the work is to clarify the processes of necrobiosis at the cellular level under aerobic environment in the first day after the death of the animal as a cytomorphological criterion in terms of forensic veterinary examination in deciding the age of death in the early postmortem period. It is proved that the most dynamic cytomorphological changes are found in the spleen and pancreas tissue; cytoarchitectonics of liver, lung and heart tissue changes less intensively. Intense cytomorphological changes in kidney tissue and brain were not observed. It was found that parenchymal organs samples cytological research after the first day of the postmortem period to determine the cells histological topography is impossible. It was found that the cytoarchitectonics dynamics of kidney and brain tissue is uninformative to solve the problems of forensic veterinary examination, but the necrobiosis of liver, lung and heart cells is moderately informative. High informativeness of cytomorphological picture change in spleen and pancreas tissue has been established, as the intensity of cytomorphological changes dynamics and their informativeness to solve the question of the age of death are directly correlated. It is recommended to use the cytological rapid method as an additional in the practice of forensic veterinary examination to address the issue of animal death age in terms of its non-obviousness before the appearance of late cadaveric phenomena.

scholarly journals EXPRESSION OF APELIN IS RELATED TO OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN HEART TISSUE OF RATS DURING CHRONIC SYSTEMIC HYPOXIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
H R Helmi ◽  
Frans Ferdinal ◽  
Ani Retno Prijanti ◽  
Sri Widia A Jusman ◽  
Frans D Suyatna
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Systemic Hypoxia

Background: Chronic systemic hypoxia is severe environmental stress for the heart and might lead to the development of heart failure. Apelin is an endogenous peptide that has been shown to have various beneficial effects on cardiac function. Apelin appears to have a role to play in the ventricular dysfunction and maintaining the performance of the heart.Objectives: In the present study we want to investigate the adaptive response of heart tissue to chronic systemic hypoxia and the correlation with apelin expression and oxidative stress in rat. Methods: An experimental study was performed using 28 Sprague-Dawley male rats, 8 weeks of age. Rats were divided into 7 groups 4 each, namely control group; normoxia (O2 atmosphere) and the treatment group of hypoxia (8% O2) for 6 hours; 1;3;5;7 and 14 days respectively. Body weight and heart weight were measured at each treatment. Ventricular thickness was measured by caliper, Apelin mRNA was measured using real-time qRT-PCR with Livak formula and malondialdehyde (MDA) level was used to assess oxidative stress due to cardiac tissue hypoxia.Results: Macroscopic exams showed hypertrophy at day 7th. The relative expression of Apelin mRNA in hypoxic heart is decreased at the beginning and then increased, starting from day-7 to day-14. The MDA levels were significantly increased from day-7 and were strongly correlated with relative expression Apelin.Conclusion:  It is concluded that the increase of Apelin expression is related to oxidative stress in heart tissue of rats during chronic systemic hypoxia.

Can argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region-associated protein amount be used for the detection of cardiac damage?

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kandiş ◽  
MA Afacan ◽  
R Eröz ◽  
S Colakoglu ◽  
A Bayramoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Nucleolar Organizing Region ◽  
Cohb Level ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Agnor Staining ◽  
Co Intoxication

Introduction: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, tasteless, odorless, nonirritant gas and CO poisoning affects all organ systems. Aim: We aimed to detect any possible effects of CO exposure on the argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region (AgNOR)-associated protein synthesis of heart cells and whether there is any relationship between AgNOR protein amount and both carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level and histopathological evaluation methods used for the detection of damage in heart tissue after CO exposure. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into four groups (control, 1000, 3000, and 5000 ppm), each containing six rats. After CO intoxication, COHb levels were measured and the animals were killed on the 7th day. AgNOR staining was performed in the heart tissue. One hundred nuclei per rat were evaluated, and total AgNOR area/nuclear area and mean AgNOR number were analyzed for each nucleus. The CO exposure groups had significantly higher AgNOR values than the control group ( p < 0.0001). According to cardiomyopathy (CMY) scoring methods, the differences between groups 3 and 4 and groups 1 and 2 were significant ( p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation between AgNOR values and both CMY and COHb levels were detected. Conclusion: The detection of AgNOR protein amount may give information about the CMY levels and be used to detect the CO intoxication levels instead of COHb in later periods.

Blood pressure and cardiac tissue responses to prostacyclin (PGI2) in various species

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Collins ◽  
B. A. MacLeod ◽  
M. J. A. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Camp Content ◽  
Rat Atria

The effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) on blood pressure and heart rate (in vivo) and on isolated heart tissue has been investigated in different species. Isolated cardiac tissue had limited resposes to PGI2 tested at 10−13 to 10−5 M. Cultured neonatal rat heart cells did not respond to PGI2, neither did intact rat hearts or rabbit cardiac tissue. Guinea pig and rat atria showed limited dose-dependent responses to PGI2 at concentrations greater than 10−7 M. In rat atria, 10−5 M PGI2 produced a limited elevation of tissue cAMP content. When given by intravenous injection or infusion, PGI2 produced hypotension in anaesthetized primates (three species), rat, rabbit, pig, and dog. As a vasodepressor in all species, PGI2 (on a weight basis) was more active than prostaglandins of the B or E type and, in most species tested, it was approximately five times more active than PGE2. Heart responses in intact animals were often paradoxical in that decreases in heart rate often accompanied blood pressure falls.

scholarly journals Effect of Eight Weeks of Endurance Training and Stevia Supplemention on Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and β-Myosin Heavy Chain Expression Levels in Heart Tissue of Rats With Type 1 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-319
Author(s):  
Kobra Soleymani ◽  
◽  
Asieh Abbassi Daloii ◽  
Ali Reza Barari ◽  
Ayoub Saeidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Diabetic Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control

Background: The effects of exercise and stevia extract on diabetes-related indicators have been already reported, but their cardiac benefits on Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) are unclear. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training and stevia supplementation on gene expression levels of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and β-Myosin Heavy Chain (β-MHC) in the heart tissue of T1D rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 25 rats with the average weight of 250-300 g were divided into five groups; healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic+supplementation, diabetic+training, and diabetic+training+supplementation. T1D was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg/ body weight). Endurance training was performed 5 days a week at a speed of 20-30 meters per minute on a surface with a zero slope for 8 weeks. Stevia was gavaged in a dose of 250 mg/kg/body weight. Rats were slaughtered 48 hours after the last training session. Cardiac tissue was used to measure the parameters. The gene expression of ANP and b-MHC in cardiac tissue was measured by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. Findings: The gene expression levels of ANP and β-MHC were significantly higher in the diabetic control group compared to the healthy control group (P=0.001), and significantly lower in the diabetic+training and diabetic+training+supplementation groups compared to the diabetic control group (P=0.001). Conclusion: Endurance training and stevia supplementation can have beneficial effects on the heart of T1D rats.

scholarly journals Cruzipain Sulfotopes-Specific Antibodies Generate Cardiac Tissue Abnormalities and Favor Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in the BALB/c Mice Model of Experimental Chagas Disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana L. Soprano ◽  
Maximiliano R. Ferrero ◽  
Malena Landoni ◽  
Gabriela A. García ◽  
Mónica I. Esteva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Glycosylation Site ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Specific Antibodies

Trypanosoma cruzi cruzipain (Cz) bears a C-terminal domain (C-T) that contains sulfated epitopes “sulfotopes” (GlcNAc6S) on its unique N-glycosylation site. The effects of in vivo exposure to GlcNAc6S on heart tissue ultrastructure, immune responses, and along the outcome of infection by T. cruzi, were evaluated in a murine experimental model, BALB/c, using three independent strategies. First, mice were pre-exposed to C-T by immunization. C-T-immunized mice (C-TIM) showed IgG2a/IgG1 &lt;1, induced the production of cytokines from Th2, Th17, and Th1 profiles with respect to those of dC-TIM, which only induced IL-10 respect to the control mice. Surprisingly, after sublethal challenge, both C-TIM and dC-TIM showed significantly higher parasitemia and mortality than the control group. Second, mice exposed to BSA-GlcNAc6S as immunogen (BSA-GlcNAc6SIM) showed: severe ultrastructural cardiac alterations while BSA-GlcNAcIM conserved the regular tissue architecture with slight myofibril changes; a strong highly specific humoral-immune-response reproducing the IgG-isotype-profile obtained with C-TIM; and a significant memory-T-cell-response demonstrating sulfotope-immunodominance with respect to BSA-GlcNAcIM. After sublethal challenge, BSA-GlcNAc6SIM showed exacerbated parasitemias, despite elevated IFN-γ levels were registered. In both cases, the abrogation of ultrastructural alterations when using desulfated immunogens supported the direct involvement of sulfotopes and/or indirect effect through their specific antibodies, in the induction of tissue damage. Finally, a third strategy using a passive transference of sulfotope-specific antibodies (IgG-GlcNAc6S) showed the detrimental activity of IgG-GlcNAc6S on mice cardiac tissue, and mice treated with IgG-GlcNAc6S after a sublethal dose of T. cruzi, surprisingly reached higher parasitemias than control groups. These findings confirmed the indirect role of the sulfotopes, via their IgG-GlcNAc6S, both in the immunopathogenicity as well as favoring T. cruzi infection.

scholarly journals A Cardioprotective Role of Nerium oleander with the Expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2A mRNA by Increasing Antioxidant Enzymes in Rat Heart Tissue

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Mustafa Hitit ◽  
Orhan Corum ◽  
Duygu Durna Corum ◽  
Huseyin Donmez ◽  
Gul Cetin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Background: Nerium oleander (NO) distillate is used to either protect heart cells against oxidative stress or reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by regulating the production of reactive oxygen species. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) regulate cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms under hypoxic conditions in which heart cells survive; however, the key responsible mechanism of NO distillate for cardioprotection remains elusive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on heart tissue at different time intervals after administering NO distillateintraperitoneally (IP) while considering the transcriptional regulation of HIFs and representative antioxidant enzymes.Materials, Methods &amp; Results: The NO plant was chopped, and distillated water was added. The mixture was distilled, and the distillate separated and collected into tubes, after which it was lyophilized to obtain dry material. Twenty male Wistar albino rats (2-3 month-old, 250-300 geach) were used in the study. The rats were randomly divided into four groups. The control group (n = 5) received IP injections of saline; the remaining 15 rats received IP injections of a single dose of 7.5 mL NO distillate. The NO distillate injected rats were divided into three groupsaccording to the time from injection to harvest the heart tissue samples. The tissues were collected at 0 h (control; n = 5), 2 h (group 2; n = 5), 4 h (group 3; n = 5), and 8 h (group 4; n = 5) after injection and under general anesthesia (60 mg/kg ketamine, IP + 10 mg/kg xylazine, IP).Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to assess the expression profiles of the genes of interest in the heart tissues. Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase was used as the reference gene. The expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA was in a steady state level between the control group and group 2 (P &gt; 0.05); however, it significantly increased in group 3 and 4 compared with that in the control (P &lt; 0.05). Expression of catalase (CAT) mRNA was significantly higher in group 2 than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05) although it was lower in group 3 and 4 than in group 2 (P &lt; 0.05); however, it appeared to be similar among the control group, group 3, and group 4 (P &gt; 0.05). Copper (Cu) SOD mRNA was equallyexpressed in both the control group and group 2 (P &gt; 0.05) but was lower in group 3 and 4 than in group 2 (P &lt; 0.05). Expressions of HIF1A, HIF2A, and HIF3A mRNA were detected in the rat heart tissues in the control and 2, 4, and 8 h after administration of NO distillate. Expression ofHIF1A mRNA was in a steady state and did not differ among groups 2, 3, and 4 (P &gt; 0.05). Similarly, the expression of HIF2A mRNA did not change between the control group and group 2 (P &gt; 0.05); however, it was higher in group 3 than in the control (P &lt; 0.05) and tended to behigher in group 3 than in group 2 (P = 0.063). HIF3A mRNA expression did not change significantly in the heart tissue of any of the groups (P &gt; 0.05).Discussion: The present study using rats determined that MnSOD, CAT, CuSOD, HIF1A, HIF2A, and HIF3A mRNA are expressed in the heart tissues after administration of NO distillate. The increased expression of HIF2A mRNA after 4 h in accordance with a rise in CAT mRNA after 2 h, and MnSOD mRNA after 4 and 8 h might confirm the role of HIF2A mRNA in oxidative stress defense by regulating antioxidant enzymes; consequently, this study may expand our understanding of uses of NO distillate with respect to molecular pathways.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of Exercise Training and Vitamin D Supplementation on Mitochondrial Function of Cardiac Tissue, Antioxidant Capacity, and Tumor Growth in Breast Cancer in Bearing-4T1 Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Jafari ◽  
Dariush Sheikholeslami-Vatani ◽  
Farnoosh Khosrobakhsh ◽  
Neda Khaledi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Control Group

Both regular exercise training and vitamin D consumption are beneficial for patients with cancer. The study investigated the effects of interval exercise training (IET) or/and vitamin D supplementation on the gene expression involved in mitochondrial function of heart tissue, tumor size, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in breast cancer (BC) model mice. We assigned random 40 female NMRI mice to five equal groups (n = 8); the healthy control group (H.C), cancer control group (Ca.C), cancer with the vitamin D group (Ca.VD), cancer exercise group (Ca.Ex), and cancer exercise along with the vitamin D group (Ca.Ex.VD). Forty-eight hours after treatment, we anesthetized the animals and performed the isolation of heart tissue and blood serum for further studies. The results showed that the lowest mean body weight at the end of the treatments was related to Ca.C (p = 0.001). Vitamin D treatment alone has increased tumor volume growth by approximately 23%; in contrast, co-treatment with exercise and vitamin D inhibited tumor growth in mice (P = 0.001), compared with the cancer control (12%). TAC levels were higher in the group that received both vitamin D and exercise training (Ca.Ex.VD) than in the other treatment groups (Ca.VD and Ca.Ex) (p = 0.001). In cardiac tissue, vitamin D treatment induces an elevation significantly of the mRNA expression of Pgc1−α, Mfn-1, and Drp-1 genes (p = 0.001). The study has shown the overexpression of vitamin D in female mice, and synergistic effects of IET with vitamin D on weight loss controlling, antitumorigenesis, improvement of antioxidant defense, and the modulation of gene expression. The synergistic responses were likely by increasing mitochondrial fusion and TAC to control oxidative stress. We recommended being conducted further studies on mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis focusing on risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with BC.

scholarly journals Toxicity Effects of Intraperitoneal Injection of Biochemical Nanosilver on Cardiac Tissue Structure Following Aerobic Training in Male Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-183
Author(s):  
Forogh Javaheri Houshi ◽  
◽  
Asieh Abbassi-Daloii ◽  
Ahmad Abdi ◽  
Seyed Javad Ziaolhagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Biological Group ◽  
Toxicity Effects

Aims Silver nanoparticles are among the most valuable products of nanoscale technology, widely used in various sciences. The present study investigated the effects of biochemical silver nanoparticles on the structure of the heart tissue of non-observatory rats in the course of aerobic training. Methods & Materials In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats aged 8 to 12 weeks and weighing 34.9±202 g were studied. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of control, aerobic training, aerobic training, and nanobiological injection, aerobic and-nanochemical injection, nanobiological injection, and nanochemical injection. Chemical and biological silver was injected intraperitoneally after a period of aerobic training. The specimens were discarded after 48 hours, and the heart tissue was removed. Findings The obtained results revealed the tissue changes, including irregularities and the convergence of chemical nanosilver group significantly increased, compared to the controls. Additionally, in the biological group, there was a slight dispersion of blood in some areas. Following the aerobic training and injection of toxic nanosilver, there was no irregularities, detachment, and hypertension. Only in some areas, sporadically, the accumulation of blood cells was observed in the aerobic training and nanochemical groups. Conclusion More tissue damage occurred in chemical silver nanoparticles, than the biological nanoparticle. Possibly, aerobic training can be highly predictive of these effects.

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