scholarly journals Effect of Maternal Pethidine on Breast Feeding Behavior of Infants in Cesarean Section by Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 591-598
Author(s):  
Majid Dejbakht ◽  
Zohreh Montaseri ◽  
Jalal Saem ◽  
Mehrdad Rezaei ◽  
Marzieh Akbarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Pain control methods after cesarean section may interfere with infant breast-feeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pethidine on breast feeding of infants born via cesarean section with spinal anesthesia. Methods: In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, we evaluated 116 infants born via cesarean section in Gerash Amiralmomenin hospital (Southern Iran) in 2017. The subjects were selected through purposive sampling and randomly by permuted block randomization and assigned to intervention and control groups. The test group received 100 mg of pethidine as intravenous infusion and the control group received only routine cares. Infants’ breast feeding behavior in both groups was recorded within 48 hours of hospitalization, using the standard tool for rapid assessment of infant feeding behavior, which consists of 4 main components of breastfeeding, including readiness to feed, rooting, latching, and sucking with a score range of 0 to 3 for each component evaluated at 1, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours postnatally. Data were analyzed using independent t tests and chi-square test. Results: The highest score of breast-feeding behavior pertained to sucking reflexes in the control group and the lowest score to breast feeding readiness in the pethidine group. Readiness for feeding in the control group (2.09±0.53) was significantly higher than the pethidine group (1.81±0.61) (95% CI: 0.0552, 0.5092 and P=0.015). Sucking reflex (95% CI: -0.1461, 0.2208 and P=0.687), latching (95% CI: -0.3012, 0.0345 and P=0.118) and rooting reflexes (95% CI: -0.1685, 0.2342 and P=0.747) were almost equal in the control group (2.54±0.49, 2.52±0.38, 2.5±0.48, respectively) and pethidine groups (2.51±0.43, 2.65±0.45, 2.46±0.53, respectively). The total score of feeding behavior in the control group (9.66±1.04) was higher than that of the pethidine group (9.44 ±.69) (95% CI: -0.2032, 0.6412 and P=0.306). There was no significant difference between the infants’ feeding frequency (95% CI: -0.269, 1.930 and P=0.137) and duration of feeding (95% CI: -3.2067, 0.4597 and P=0.14). Conclusion: Evaluation of infants in the first 48 hours after birth showed that those babies whose mothers received pethidine were less willing to start breast-feeding. However, other components of breast-feeding behaviors were similar.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a herbal toothpaste on patients with established gingivitis: a randomized controlled trial

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Ozaki ◽  
Claudio Mendes Pannuti ◽  
Ana Vitória Imbronito ◽  
Wellington Pessotti ◽  
Luciana Saraiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

The aim of this randomised, double blind controlled trial was to verify the efficacy of a herbal dentifrice on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis. Forty eight volunteers with established gingivitis were randomly assigned to either a test group (herbal dentifrice) or positive control group (dentifrice with triclosan and fluoride). The dentifrices were distributed in plain white tubes by an independent pharmacy, which revealed the contents of each tube only after the experimental period. Plaque and gingivitis assessments were carried out on baseline and after 28 days of product use. All examinations were conducted by the same calibrated investigator. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth three times daily using their assigned dentifrice for 28 days. There was a significant reduction in plaque levels in both the test and control groups. However, there was no significant difference between the groups. A significant reduction in gingivitis was observed in both groups, although there was no significant difference between them. No adverse reactions were reported. The authors concluded that both dentifrices were effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis in subjects with established gingivitis.

scholarly journals The efficacy and safety of intrathecal dexmedetomidine for parturients undergoing cesarean section: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-xiao Li ◽  
Yu-mei Li ◽  
Xue-li Lv ◽  
Xing-he Wang ◽  
Su Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background : The efficacy and safety of spinal anesthesia by intrathecal dexmedetomidine (DEX) for parturients undergoing cesarean section are still lack of evidence. This aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal DEX for parturients undergoing cesarean section to provide more data evidence for intrathecal applications.Methods : Three hundred parturients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomly assigned into three groups : group B: 9.0 mg (1.2 ml) of 0.75% bupivacaine with saline (1 ml); group FB: 9.0 mg (1.2 ml) of 0.75% bupivacaine with 20 μg of fentanyl (1 ml); group DB: 9.0 mg (1.2 ml) of 0.75% bupivacaine with 5 μg of DEX (1 ml). Intraoperative block characteristics, parturients’ postoperative quality of recovery, maternal and neonatal outcomes and the plasma concentration of DEX were measured. All parturients were followed up for 30 days to determine whether nerve injury occurred.Results : Compared with group B, the duration of sensory block in group FB and group DB were significantly prolonged (108.4 min [95% Confidence Interval (CI)=104.6-112.3] in group B, and 122.0 min [95% CI=116.8-127.3] in group FB, 148.2 min [95% CI=145.3-151.1] in group DB). The overall score of quality recovery in group DB (71.6 [95% CI=71.0-72.2]) was significantly higher than that in group FB (61.5 [95% CI=60.8-62.2]) and group B (61.7 [95% CI=61.0-62.4]). There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups for PH, PaO2, and PaCO2 of newborn. The plasma concentration of DEX in umbilical artery and umbilical vein was low and cannot be detected. The 30-days follow-up of parturients did not show any new onset of back, buttock or leg pain or paresthesia.Conclusions : DEX is a potential local anesthetic adjuvant that the intrathecal combination of 5 μg DEX can safely exhibit a facilitatory block effect and improve parturients' recovery quality.Trial registration : Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number # ChiCTR1900022019; Date of Registration on March 20th, 2019).

scholarly journals Effect of leg wrapping technique on prevention of spinal induced hypotension and fetal acidosis during cesarean section: Randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Samah Nasser Abd El-Aziz El-Shora ◽  
Amina Mohamed Rashad El-Nemer
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Induced Hypotension ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wrapping Technique

Background and aim: Hypotension during cesarean section (CS) under spinal anesthesia has been a subject of scientific study for more than 50 years and the search for the most effective strategy to achieve hemodynamic stability remains challenging. Aim: The study was carried out to apply leg wrapping technique for the prevention of spinal-induced hypotension (SIH) during CS.Methods: Randomized Controlled Trial design was utilized at cesarean delivery operating room Mansoura General Hospital in El-Mansoura City during the period from May 2018 to November 2018. A purposive sample of 88 pregnant women, assigned randomly to an intervention group (n = 44) in which their legs wrapped with elastic crepe bandage and control group (n = 44) in which no wrapping was done. Data collected for maternal, neonatal hemodynamic and signs of hypotension, the feasibility of application and cost analysis.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of SIH and Ephedrine use among both groups (18.20% in leg wrapping group whereas 75% in control group). In addition, neonatal acidosis and NICU admission were less among leg wrapping group (11.40%, 9.10% respectively). Economically, leg wrapping technique was cost effective compared to the cost of the hospital regimen for treating SIH and admission to (NICU).Conclusion and recommendations: Leg wrapping technique was cost effective and an efficient method for decreasing SIH, neonatal acidosis and Ephedrine administration. It is recommended to apply leg wrapping technique in maternal hospitals' protocol of care for decreasing SIH during CS.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Efektivitas Anestesi Spinal dengan Bupivacain 12,5 Mg dan Bupivacain 5 Mg yang ditambah Fentanyl 50 Mcg pada Seksio Sesarea

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-7
Author(s):  
Fritzky Indradata ◽  
Heri Dwi Purnomo ◽  
Muh. Husni Thamrin ◽  
Sugeng Budi Santoso ◽  
Ardana Tri Arianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Control

Latar Belakang: Anestesi spinal mempunyai efek samping berupa hipotensi dan mual muntah. Tujuan: penelitian ini adalah membandingkan efek anestesi spinal bupivacain dosis normal 12,5 mg dan bupivacain dosis rendah 5 mg dengan fentanyl 50 mg pada seksio sesarea terhadap perubahan hemodinamik, ketinggian blok, onset, durasi dan efek samping. Subjek dan Metode: Penelitian double blind randomized control trial pada 36 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria. Pasien dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yang masing-masing terdiri 18 pasien, kelompok 1 dilakukan anestesi spinal dengan bupivacain hiperbarik 5 mg ditambah adjuvan fentanyl 50 mcg, sedangkan kelompok 2 diberikan bupivacain hiperbarik 12,5 mg. Penilaian meliputi saat mula kerja blokade sensorik, mula kerja blokade motorik, durasi, tekanan darah, laju nadi, dan saturasi oksigen, lama kerja dan efek samping. Data hasil penelitian diuji secara statistik dengan uji chi-square. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada onset dan durasi blokade sensorik dan motorik, bupivacain 12,5 mg lebih baik dibandingkan bupivacain 5 mg + fentanyl 50 mcg (p<0.05). Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada perubahan tanda vital dan efek samping (p>0.05). Simpulan: Bupivacain 12,5 mg menghasilkan onset lebih cepat dan durasi lebih lama dibandingkan bupivacain 5 mg + fentanil 50 mcg pada anestesi spinal untuk seksio sesarea   Comparison of The Effectiveness Spinal Anesthesia with Bupivacaine 12,5 Mg and Bupivacaine 5 Mg added Fentanyl 50 Mcg in Caesarean Section Abstract Background: Spinal anesthesia has side effects such as hypotension and nausea and vomiting. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of spinal anesthesia with normal doses of 12,5 mg of bupivacaine and 5 mg of low-dose bupivacaine with fentanyl 50 mg in the cesarean section on hemodynamic changes, block height, onset, duration, and side effects. Subjects and Methods: Double-blind randomized control trial in 36 patients who met the criteria. Patients were divided into two groups, each consisting of 18 patients, group 1 underwent spinal anesthesia with 5 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 50 mcg of fentanyl adjuvant, while group 2 was given 12,5 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine. Assessments include the initiation of sensory block action, onset of motor block action, duration, blood pressure, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation, duration of action, and side effects. The research data were statistically tested with the chi-square test. Results: There were significant differences in the onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, bupivacaine 12,5 mg was better than bupivacaine 5 mg + fentanyl 50 mcg (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in changes in vital signs and side effects (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Bupivacaine 12,5 mg resulted in a faster onset and longer duration than bupivacaine 5 mg + fentanyl 50 mcg in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section.

The Value of Iron Therapy in Pica

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-562
Author(s):  
ROBERT MCDONALD ◽  
SHEILA R. MARSHALL
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Iron Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Intramuscular Injections ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Permanent Cure

As doubt had been cast upon the reputed efficacy of iron in the treatment of pica, a double blind controlled trial was carried out in an endeavor to establish a firmer conclusion in the matter. One group of children received intramuscular iron and a control group of equal mean age were given intramuscular injections of normal saline. Three to 4 months later nearly all of those given iron had lost their pica, but it was still present in three-quarters of the controls. After 5 to 6 months there was no significant difference between the two groups and this failure of maintenance of cure may have been related to a fall in mean hemoglobin level which occurred. Five children who initially received saline and in whom pica was still present were given iron at 6 months and all lost their pica. Our experience is that pica can be cured by iron in nearly all cases, but that permanent cure may be dependent upon the maintenance of adequate hemoglobin levels.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of intrathecal morphine for post cesarean section analgesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Rupesh Kumar Gami ◽  
Kumar Jahan ◽  
Chandra Bhushan Jha
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Intrathecal Morphine ◽  
Safe Motherhood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Morphine Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Government of Nepal has been conducting Cesarean section under “Safe Motherhood” program all over country. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal morphine for post cesarean analgesia under spinal anesthesia.  Methods: A total of 300 parturients posted for Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were divided into two groups of 150 each in this prospective randomized case-control study. Morphine group received 0.15 mg of intrathecal morphine mixed in 12 mg of 0.5% bupivacaine heavy while control group received 12 mg of 0.5% bupivacaine heavy alone, after proper preparation of spinal anesthesia. The parturients were assessed for first request of analgesic as per Visual Analog Scale, frequency of analgesics required within 24 hr, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, sedation and respiratory depression.Results: Postoperative analgesia was significantly greater in morphine group as compare to control group (12.1 ± 7.6 vs 3.7 ± 2.9 hr). Frequency of analgesics requirements was also significantly lower in morphine group (1.7 ± 2.0 vs 3.4 ± 8.1). Visual Analog Scale was below 4 at most of time in morphine group. The incidence of nausea, vomiting and pruritus were more in morphine group as compare to control group but without any respiratory depression. There was no significant difference in APGAR score among fetus.  Conclusion: Mixing low dose of intrathecal morphine in standard dose of spinal anesthesia effectively prolongs the duration of post cesarean analgesia and decreases the frequency of analgesics requirement without any major complication in parturients or fetus.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists 2014 1(1): 13-17

scholarly journals Ganji Formulation for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Who Have Undergone Surgery: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jing-Hao Zhang ◽  
Chao Zheng ◽  
Xiao-Jun Zhu ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Jun Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Liver Resection ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Local Ablation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Objective. To ascertain the efficacy and safety of Ganji Formulation (GF) for patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who had undergone surgery. Materials and Methods. A total of 262 HCC patients who had undergone liver resection, local ablation, or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) were divided randomly into the treatment group and control group. The former was treated with GF and the later with placebo, both for 6 months. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Second endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS) or time to disease progression (TTP). Results. OS of the treatment group was significantly longer than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that, for patients who received TACE, the TTP was significantly longer in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). However, for patients who underwent liver resection or local ablation, there was no significant difference in DFS between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion. GF could improve postoperative cumulative survival and prolong the TTP. This clinical trial number is registered with ChiCTR-IOR-15007349.

scholarly journals Periarticular Injection with Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Control in Total Knee Replacement: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varah Yuenyongviwat ◽  
Chaturong Pornrattanamaneewong ◽  
Thitima Chinachoti ◽  
Keerati Chareancholvanich
Keyword(s):  
Pain Control ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Morphine Consumption ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Periarticular Injection ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. Local periarticular injection with bupivacaine alone in TKA has not been studied. Thus, we aimed to examine the effectiveness of local periarticular injection with bupivacaine for post-operative pain control in TKA.Method. Sixty patients undergoing TKA by a single surgeon were randomly assigned into two groups in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. In the injection group, patients received periarticular injections with 0.25% bupivacaine before wound closure; in the control group, patients received a 0.9% normal saline injection. Both groups received the same anesthetic procedure, post-operative pain control, and rehabilitation protocol.Results. There was a significant reduction in post-operative morphine consumption in the first six hours after the operation (mean 0.9 mg and 2.43 mg,P=0.01), but there was no significant difference in post-operative morphine consumption between six hours and ninety-six hours after the operation, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, morphine side effects during the first 96 hours, length of hospital stay, or complications from morphine consumption.Conclusion. Local periarticular injection with bupivacaine alone before wound closer was shown to be an effective method to improve pain control after TKA with a few complications and ease of use.

scholarly journals Effects of Bupropion on Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Mirzadeh ◽  
Najmeh Shahini ◽  
Masoud Kashani Lotf Abadi ◽  
Maryam Tavakoli ◽  
Arash Javanbakht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

<p>Smoking habits are common in schizophrenic patients. Nicotine can suppress negative symptoms and cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of bupropion on cognitive function in schizophrenic patients.<strong> </strong>This study is a double blind randomized controlled trial in a large referral psychiatric university hospital in Iran. Ninety smoker schizophrenic patients were randomly allocated (based on DSM -IV TR criteria) in two groups (46 patients for case group and 44 patients in control group). They get risperidone up to 6 mg/d and bupropion up to 400 mg/d .clinical assessment (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) were taken in beginning of study, 14<sup>th</sup> and 28<sup>th</sup> days of study. Cognitive assessment (Stroop, Digit Span, and Wechsler, Wisconsin) were taken in begging of study, the days 2<sup>nd</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup>, 14<sup>th</sup>, 28<sup>th</sup>. All data were analyzed by SPSS Ver. 17 with analytic and descriptive tests. Mean age of patients was 37.66±1.01. Mean duration of disorder was 11.63±.98 years. The scores were significantly lower at the day 28<sup>th</sup> compared to the beginning of the study in both groups in Wechsler, Stroop color word , Stroop word , Stroop color , BPRS, PANSS p value ≤0.05 .The difference between the two treatments was not significant as indicated by the effect of group, the between-subjects factor<strong> </strong><strong>p </strong>value ≥0.05. In this study, the side effects were examined and there was no significant difference between the two groups p value ≥0.05.<strong> </strong>Augmentation of bupropion to routine treatment improves cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia in abstinence of tobacco.</p>

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