scholarly journals Nanogenerator-Based Self-Powered Sensors for Wearable and Implantable Electronics

Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Li ◽  
Qiang Zheng ◽  
Zhong Lin Wang ◽  
Zhou Li
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Implantable Electronics ◽  
Self Powered

Wearable and implantable electronics (WIEs) are more and more important and attractive to the public, and they have had positive influences on all aspects of our lives. As a bridge between wearable electronics and their surrounding environment and users, sensors are core components of WIEs and determine the implementation of their many functions. Although the existing sensor technology has evolved to a very advanced level with the rapid progress of advanced materials and nanotechnology, most of them still need external power supply, like batteries, which could cause problems that are difficult to track, recycle, and miniaturize, as well as possible environmental pollution and health hazards. In the past decades, based upon piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and triboelectric effect, various kinds of nanogenerators (NGs) were proposed which are capable of responding to a variety of mechanical movements, such as breeze, body drive, muscle stretch, sound/ultrasound, noise, mechanical vibration, and blood flow, and they had been widely used as self-powered sensors and micro-nanoenergy and blue energy harvesters. This review focuses on the applications of self-powered generators as implantable and wearable sensors in health monitoring, biosensor, human-computer interaction, and other fields. The existing problems and future prospects are also discussed.

scholarly journals Self-Powered Sensors: New Opportunities and Challenges from Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 5056
Author(s):  
Eunkwang Lee ◽  
Hocheon Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Energy Focusing ◽  
Implantable Electronics ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
New Applications

Nanomaterials have gained considerable attention over the last decade, finding applications in emerging fields such as wearable sensors, biomedical care, and implantable electronics. However, these applications require miniaturization operating with extremely low power levels to conveniently sense various signals anytime, anywhere, and show the information in various ways. From this perspective, a crucial field is technologies that can harvest energy from the environment as sustainable, self-sufficient, self-powered sensors. Here we revisit recent advances in various self-powered sensors: optical, chemical, biological, medical, and gas. A timely overview is provided of unconventional nanomaterial sensors operated by self-sufficient energy, focusing on the energy source classification and comparisons of studies including self-powered photovoltaic, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and thermoelectric technology. Integration of these self-operating systems and new applications for neuromorphic sensors are also reviewed. Furthermore, this review discusses opportunities and challenges from self-powered nanomaterial sensors with respect to their energy harvesting principles and sensing applications.

scholarly journals Fiber-Based Sensors and Energy Systems for Wearable Electronics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Jungjoon Lee ◽  
Sungha Jeon ◽  
Hyeonyeob Seo ◽  
Jung Tae Lee ◽  
Seongjun Park
Keyword(s):  
Storage Systems ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Biomedical Sensors ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
User Friendly

Wearable electronics have been receiving increasing attention for the past few decades. Particularly, fiber-based electronics are considered to be ideal for many applications for their flexibility, lightweight, breathability, and comfortability. Furthermore, fibers and fiber-based textiles can be 3D-molded with ease and potentially integrated with everyday clothes or accessories. These properties are especially desired in the fields of bio-related sensors and energy-storage systems. Wearable sensors utilize a tight interface with human skin and clothes for continuous environmental scanning and non-invasive health monitoring. At the same time, their flexible and lightweight properties allow more convenient and user-friendly experiences to the wearers. Similarly, for the wearable devices to be more accessible, it is crucial to incorporate energy harvesting and storage systems into the device themselves, removing the need to attach an external power source. This review summarizes the recent applications of fibers and fiber-based textiles in mechanical, photonic, and biomedical sensors. Pressure and strain sensors and their implementation as electronic skins will be explored, along with other various fiber sensors capable of imaging objects or monitoring safety and health markers. In addition, we attempt to elucidate recent studies in energy-storing fibers and their implication in self-powered and fully wireless wearable devices.

scholarly journals Conductance-stable liquid metal sheath-core microfibers for stretchy smart fabrics and self-powered sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. eabg4041
Author(s):  
Lijing Zheng ◽  
Miaomiao Zhu ◽  
Baohu Wu ◽  
Zhaoling Li ◽  
Shengtong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Geometric Distortion ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Resistance Change ◽  
Conductive Path ◽  
Smart Fabrics ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Metal Sheath

Highly conductive and stretchy fibers are crucial components for smart fabrics and wearable electronics. However, most of the existing fiber conductors are strain sensitive with deteriorated conductance upon stretching, and thus, a compromised strategy via introducing merely geometric distortion of conductive path is often used for stable conductance. Here, we report a coaxial wet-spinning process for continuously fabricating intrinsically stretchable, highly conductive yet conductance-stable, liquid metal sheath-core microfibers. The microfiber can be stretched up to 1170%, and upon fully activating the conductive path, a very high conductivity of 4.35 × 104 S/m and resistance change of only 4% at 200% strain are realized, arising from both stretch-induced channel opening and stretching out of tortuous serpentine conductive path of the percolating liquid metal network. Moreover, the microfibers can be easily woven into an everyday glove or fabric, acting as excellent joule heaters, electrothermochromic displays, and self-powered wearable sensors to monitor human activities.

scholarly journals Studies on the electrostatic effects of stretched PVDF films and nanofibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixuan Lin ◽  
Yuqiong Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Meining Zhang ◽  
Dalong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Piezoelectric Effects ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

AbstractThe electroactive β-phase in Poly (vinylidene fluoride, PVDF) is the most desirable conformation due to its highest pyro- and piezoelectric properties, which make it feasible to be used as flexible sensors, wearable electronics, and energy harvesters etc. In this study, we successfully developed a method to obtain high-content β-phase PVDF films and nanofiber meshes by mechanical stretching and electric spinning. The phase transition process and pyro- and piezoelectric effects of stretched films and nanofiber meshes were characterized by monitoring the polarized light microscopy (PLM) images, outputting currents and open-circuit voltages respectively, which were proved to be closely related to stretching ratio (λ) and concentrations. This study could expand a new route for the easy fabrication and wide application of PVDF films or fibers in wearable electronics, sensors, and energy harvesting devices.

scholarly journals Direct coherent multi-ink printing of fabric supercapacitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. eabd6978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxin Zhao ◽  
Hongyu Lu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Shixiong Yu ◽  
Oleksandr I. Malyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Fabrication Procedure ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Mechanical Devices

Coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitors with short charge carrier diffusion paths are highly desirable as high-performance energy storage devices for wearable electronics. However, the traditional approaches based on the multistep fabrication processes for constructing the fiber-shaped energy device still encounter persistent restrictions in fabrication procedure, scalability, and mechanical durability. To overcome this critical challenge, an all-in-one coaxial fiber-shaped asymmetric supercapacitor (FASC) device is realized by a direct coherent multi-ink writing three-dimensional printing technology via designing the internal structure of the coaxial needles and regulating the rheological property and the feed rates of the multi-ink. Benefitting from the compact coaxial structure, the FASC device delivers a superior areal energy/power density at a high mass loading, and outstanding mechanical stability. As a conceptual exhibition for system integration, the FASC device is integrated with mechanical units and pressure sensor to realize high-performance self-powered mechanical devices and monitoring systems, respectively.

scholarly journals Power Density Improvement of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters via a Novel Hybridization Scheme with Electromagnetic Transduction

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Zhongjie Li ◽  
Chuanfu Xin ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Patch ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Transduction ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Power Densities

A novel hybridization scheme is proposed with electromagnetic transduction to improve the power density of piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) in this paper. Based on the basic cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester (BC-PEH) composed of a mass block, a piezoelectric patch, and a cantilever beam, we replaced the mass block by a magnet array and added a coil array to form the hybrid energy harvester. To enhance the output power of the electromagnetic energy harvester (EMEH), we utilized an alternating magnet array. Then, to compare the power density of the hybrid harvester and BC-PEH, the experiments of output power were conducted. According to the experimental results, the power densities of the hybrid harvester and BC-PEH are, respectively, 3.53 mW/cm3 and 5.14 μW/cm3 under the conditions of 18.6 Hz and 0.3 g. Therefore, the power density of the hybrid harvester is 686 times as high as that of the BC-PEH, which verified the power density improvement of PEH via a hybridization scheme with EMEH. Additionally, the hybrid harvester exhibits better performance for charging capacitors, such as charging a 2.2 mF capacitor to 8 V within 17 s. It is of great significance to further develop self-powered devices.

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