scholarly journals Fiber-Based Sensors and Energy Systems for Wearable Electronics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Jungjoon Lee ◽  
Sungha Jeon ◽  
Hyeonyeob Seo ◽  
Jung Tae Lee ◽  
Seongjun Park
Keyword(s):  
Storage Systems ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Biomedical Sensors ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
User Friendly

Wearable electronics have been receiving increasing attention for the past few decades. Particularly, fiber-based electronics are considered to be ideal for many applications for their flexibility, lightweight, breathability, and comfortability. Furthermore, fibers and fiber-based textiles can be 3D-molded with ease and potentially integrated with everyday clothes or accessories. These properties are especially desired in the fields of bio-related sensors and energy-storage systems. Wearable sensors utilize a tight interface with human skin and clothes for continuous environmental scanning and non-invasive health monitoring. At the same time, their flexible and lightweight properties allow more convenient and user-friendly experiences to the wearers. Similarly, for the wearable devices to be more accessible, it is crucial to incorporate energy harvesting and storage systems into the device themselves, removing the need to attach an external power source. This review summarizes the recent applications of fibers and fiber-based textiles in mechanical, photonic, and biomedical sensors. Pressure and strain sensors and their implementation as electronic skins will be explored, along with other various fiber sensors capable of imaging objects or monitoring safety and health markers. In addition, we attempt to elucidate recent studies in energy-storing fibers and their implication in self-powered and fully wireless wearable devices.

scholarly journals Wearable Sensors for Monitoring Human Motion: A Review on Mechanisms, Materials, and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zohreh Homayounfar ◽  
Trisha L. Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Range ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Human Locomotion ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
User Friendly

The emergence of flexible wearable electronics as a new platform for accurate, unobtrusive, user-friendly, and longitudinal sensing has opened new horizons for personalized assistive tools for monitoring human locomotion and physiological signals. Herein, we survey recent advances in methodologies and materials involved in unobtrusively sensing a medium to large range of applied pressures and motions, such as those encountered in large-scale body and limb movements or posture detection. We discuss three commonly used methodologies in human gait studies: inertial, optical, and angular sensors. Next, we survey the various kinds of electromechanical devices (piezoresistive, piezoelectric, capacitive, triboelectric, and transistive) that are incorporated into these sensor systems; define the key metrics used to quantitate, compare, and optimize the efficiency of these technologies; and highlight state-of-the-art examples. In the end, we provide the readers with guidelines and perspectives to address the current challenges of the field.

Mortise–tenon joint structured hydrophobic surface-functionalized barium titanate/polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposites for printed self-powered wearable sensors

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2542-2555
Author(s):  
Hai Li ◽  
Hoseong Song ◽  
Mengjie Long ◽  
Ghuzanfar Saeed ◽  
Sooman Lim
Keyword(s):  
Barium Titanate ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Self Powered

This 3D-printed self-powered sensor based on the surface hydrophobic functionalized FD-BTO/PVDF composite film exhibits excellent performance and can contribute significantly to the development of printed electronic wearable devices.

Nano-Ripple ZnO-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Applications in Self-Powered Ultraviolet Detector

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 7369-7373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
External Power ◽  
Self Powered

Ultraviolet (UV) detectors have a wide range of commercial applications. However, most UV light detectors require an external power source, which limits their applications as portable and/or wearable electronics. In this work, a self-powered UV detector based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology is demonstrated. Nano-ripple zinc oxide (ZnO) film acting as both UV-sensitive and triboelectric material was synthesized by a simple sol–gel method. The self-powered UV sensor detected UV irradiation without an external power source. The open-circuit voltage of the device under UV irradiation was 130 V, which was 2.3 times higher than the output of the device in the dark. Possible operating mechanisms of the device, which is based on the contact electrification process, are described.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Pressure Sensors for Wearable Electronics: From Design to Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6403
Author(s):  
Yeongjun Kim ◽  
Je Hoon Oh
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Biomedical Sensors ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Flexible Devices ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Flexible Pressure Sensors

In recent years, innovative research has been widely conducted on flexible devices for wearable electronics applications. Many examples of wearable electronics, such as smartwatches and glasses, are already available to consumers. However, strictly speaking, the sensors used in these devices are not flexible. Many studies are underway to address a wider range of wearable electronics and the development of related fields is progressing very rapidly. In particular, there is intense interest in the research field of flexible pressure sensors because they can collect and use information regarding a wide variety of sources. Through the combination of novel materials and fabrication methods, human-machine interfaces, biomedical sensors, and motion detection techniques, it is now possible to produce sensors with a superior level of performance to meet the demands of wearable electronics. In addition, more compact and human-friendly sensors have been invented in recent years, as biodegradable and self-powered sensor systems have been studied. In this review, a comprehensive description of flexible pressure sensors will be covered, and design strategies that meet the needs for applications in wearable electronics will be presented. Moreover, we will cover several fabrication methods to implement these technologies and the corresponding real-world applications.

scholarly journals Nanogenerator-Based Self-Powered Sensors for Wearable and Implantable Electronics

Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Li ◽  
Qiang Zheng ◽  
Zhong Lin Wang ◽  
Zhou Li
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Implantable Electronics ◽  
Self Powered

Wearable and implantable electronics (WIEs) are more and more important and attractive to the public, and they have had positive influences on all aspects of our lives. As a bridge between wearable electronics and their surrounding environment and users, sensors are core components of WIEs and determine the implementation of their many functions. Although the existing sensor technology has evolved to a very advanced level with the rapid progress of advanced materials and nanotechnology, most of them still need external power supply, like batteries, which could cause problems that are difficult to track, recycle, and miniaturize, as well as possible environmental pollution and health hazards. In the past decades, based upon piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and triboelectric effect, various kinds of nanogenerators (NGs) were proposed which are capable of responding to a variety of mechanical movements, such as breeze, body drive, muscle stretch, sound/ultrasound, noise, mechanical vibration, and blood flow, and they had been widely used as self-powered sensors and micro-nanoenergy and blue energy harvesters. This review focuses on the applications of self-powered generators as implantable and wearable sensors in health monitoring, biosensor, human-computer interaction, and other fields. The existing problems and future prospects are also discussed.

scholarly journals Conductance-stable liquid metal sheath-core microfibers for stretchy smart fabrics and self-powered sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. eabg4041
Author(s):  
Lijing Zheng ◽  
Miaomiao Zhu ◽  
Baohu Wu ◽  
Zhaoling Li ◽  
Shengtong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Geometric Distortion ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Resistance Change ◽  
Conductive Path ◽  
Smart Fabrics ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Metal Sheath

Highly conductive and stretchy fibers are crucial components for smart fabrics and wearable electronics. However, most of the existing fiber conductors are strain sensitive with deteriorated conductance upon stretching, and thus, a compromised strategy via introducing merely geometric distortion of conductive path is often used for stable conductance. Here, we report a coaxial wet-spinning process for continuously fabricating intrinsically stretchable, highly conductive yet conductance-stable, liquid metal sheath-core microfibers. The microfiber can be stretched up to 1170%, and upon fully activating the conductive path, a very high conductivity of 4.35 × 104 S/m and resistance change of only 4% at 200% strain are realized, arising from both stretch-induced channel opening and stretching out of tortuous serpentine conductive path of the percolating liquid metal network. Moreover, the microfibers can be easily woven into an everyday glove or fabric, acting as excellent joule heaters, electrothermochromic displays, and self-powered wearable sensors to monitor human activities.

Enabling Batteryless Wearable Devices by Transferring Power Through The Human Body

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Rishi Shukla ◽  
Neev Kiran ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Jeremy Gummeson ◽  
Sunghoon Ivan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Barrier

Over the past few decades, we have witnessed tremendous advancements in semiconductor and MEMS technologies, leading to the proliferation of ultra-miniaturized and ultra-low-power (in micro-watt ranges) wearable devices for wellness and healthcare [1]. Most of these wearable sensors are battery powered for their operation. The use of an on-device battery as the primary energy source poses a number of challenges that serve as the key barrier to the development of novel wearable applications and the widespread use of numerous, seamless wearable sensors [5].

scholarly journals Direct coherent multi-ink printing of fabric supercapacitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. eabd6978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxin Zhao ◽  
Hongyu Lu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Shixiong Yu ◽  
Oleksandr I. Malyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Fabrication Procedure ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Mechanical Devices

Coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitors with short charge carrier diffusion paths are highly desirable as high-performance energy storage devices for wearable electronics. However, the traditional approaches based on the multistep fabrication processes for constructing the fiber-shaped energy device still encounter persistent restrictions in fabrication procedure, scalability, and mechanical durability. To overcome this critical challenge, an all-in-one coaxial fiber-shaped asymmetric supercapacitor (FASC) device is realized by a direct coherent multi-ink writing three-dimensional printing technology via designing the internal structure of the coaxial needles and regulating the rheological property and the feed rates of the multi-ink. Benefitting from the compact coaxial structure, the FASC device delivers a superior areal energy/power density at a high mass loading, and outstanding mechanical stability. As a conceptual exhibition for system integration, the FASC device is integrated with mechanical units and pressure sensor to realize high-performance self-powered mechanical devices and monitoring systems, respectively.

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